用透射电镜研究聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的结构形貌

用透射电镜观察比较了聚硅氯化铝（PASC）与聚合氯化铝（PAC）混凝剂的结构形貌，探讨了碱化度（B）、Al/Si摩尔比、及制备工艺对PASC结构形貌的影响，研究结果表明，PASC较PAC具有更大的聚集度和枝化度，PASC的聚集度随B值的升高和Al/Si摩尔比的降低而增大，共聚法制备的PASC较复合法制备的PASC具有更大的聚集度。     

用流动电流技术研究聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的电动特性

采用流动电流（SC）技术,研究比较了聚硅氯化铝（PASC）与聚合氯化铝（PAC）的电动特性．研究结果表明,在PASC中,由于带负电荷的聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物间的相互作用,使得PASC的电中和能力较PAC有所下降,其下降程度与PASC的碱化度（B）和Al/Si摩尔比密切相关,B值和Al/Si摩尔比越小,则PASC的电中和能力就越弱．制备工艺对PASC的电中和能力略有影响.     

聚硅氯化铝(PASC)混凝剂的颗粒大小及分子量分布

采用共聚与复合两种制备工艺,研制出碱化度（B） 为2.0 的具有不同 Al/Si 摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝（ 简称 PASC） 混凝剂．一种方法是将 NaCl加入到不同 Al/Si摩尔比的 AlCl₃6H₂O和聚硅酸混合液中;另一种方法是按一定的Al/Si 摩尔比将聚硅酸加入到聚合氯化铝液中．应用光子相关光谱（PCS） 和超滤膜过滤方法对 PASC 及聚合氯化铝（PAC） 的颗粒大小及分子量分布进行对比测定．结果表明,在PASC中,由于聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物间的相互作用,生成了聚集体更大的聚合物,显著提高了聚集体的粒径,这种提高以共聚法最为明显; Al/Si摩尔比影响PASC的聚集度,Al/Si摩尔比越小, PASC 的聚集度就越大．     

聚硅氯化铝PASC的制备及混凝效果研究

采用共聚法制备出不同c(OH)/c(Al)和c(Si)/c(Al)的聚硅氯化铝(PASC)混凝剂,并对其进行了铝形态表征.讨论了c(OH)/c(Al)与c(Si)/c(Al)对铝形态分布的影响.比较了不同聚合时间、聚合酸碱条件下PASC的稳定性.通过混凝实验确定了最佳c(Si)/c(Al)为1:7,最佳投加量质量浓度为80 mg/L,并就混凝效果与PAC进行了对比.结果表明PASC要优于PAC.     

聚硅硫酸铝混凝剂的性能研究

以硫酸铝、水玻璃和铝酸钠为原料合成了具有不同B值和不同Si/Al摩尔比的聚硅硫酸铝 (PASS)混凝剂 .初步研究了这类混凝剂的合成反应过程和分子量分布 ,深入探讨了其除浊效果、残留铝浓度、除油效果和电泳特性 .实验表明 ,B值对产品中铝的浓度影响较大 ,硅的存在可提高产品的聚合度 ;产品有较好的除浊、除油效果 ,尤其是对低浊度水除浊效果更佳 ;除浊后水中残留铝浓度较低 ;电泳研究表明 ,PASS在混凝过程中表现出吸附架桥作用特性     

以TEOS为硅源的聚硅氯化铝中铝及硅形态分布

以正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)为硅源 ,合成了新型的聚硅氯化铝 (PASC) ,利用Al Ferron逐时络合比色法和Si Mo逐时络合比色法分别研究了其Al形态及Si形态分布 ,并与常规方法 (以硅酸钠为硅源 )合成的聚硅氯化铝做了比较 .实验结果表明 ,新方法合成的PASC具有铝硅分布均匀 ,分子量较大 ,产品重现性好的优点 .两种方法合成的PASC具有相同的Al形态分布规律 ,即高分子量Al形态含量随B值 (碱化度 )和Si Al摩尔比的增大而增加 ,Al形态随Si Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而增大 .另外通过新方法发现 ,Si形态分布也具有规律性并和Al形态具有相似的分布特征 ,但Si形态随Si Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而减小 .     

以TEOS为硅源的聚硅氯化铝絮凝剂的制备及其物化特征

采用TEOS为硅源合成制备了新型的聚硅氯化铝PASC(A),并与传统方法合成的聚硅氯化铝PASC(B) 做了比较,探讨了产品的pH值和Zeta电位随B值和Si/Al摩尔比的变化关系,并利用酸解反应和²⁷Al NMR研究了硅引入对PASC分子结构和铝形态的影响.结果表明,由于采用了特殊的合成方法,与PASC(B)相比,PASC(A)具有更高的聚合度,分子量分布并且分子中铝硅分布均匀,不易被酸解聚,而且有利于Al₁₃形态稳定性.     

铝盐混凝剂的混凝效果与残留铝含量和组分之间的关系研究

研究了氯化铝、硫酸铝、聚合氯化铝(poly-aluminum chloride, PAC)3种铝盐混凝剂在腐殖酸-高岭土模拟水样中的应用,以比较3种混凝剂在该水样中的混凝效果与残留铝含量和组分之间的关系.结果表明, 3种铝盐混凝剂在试验选取的投加量下对浊度和UV254的去除率最高可达90%左右,PAC能在较高的投加量下达到较好的混凝效果;较高投加量下PAC混凝沉淀出水中残留总铝含量为0.9 mg/L左右,余铝率为-3.0%左右,均明显低于传统的铝盐混凝剂;3种混凝剂混凝处理腐殖酸-高岭土模拟水样时,残留铝均大部分以溶解性总铝的形式存在,且溶解性有机铝在总溶解性铝中所占比例较大;PAC在腐殖酸-高岭土混凝沉淀出水中残留总铝的含量下降最快,且能够有效降低出水中毒性较大的溶解性铝的含量,其混凝沉淀出水中残留总溶解性铝含量为0.6 mg/L左右.     

聚硅氯化铝(PASiC)混凝剂的特性及絮凝动态过程

 采用共聚与复合两种制备工艺,分别制备出具有不同碱化度(B)和不同Al/Si摩尔比系列的商用聚硅氯化铝(PASiC)混凝剂,并分别采用颗粒粒径测定方法和流动电流(SC)测定技术研究比较了PASiC和聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝剂的颗粒大小、电动特性和凝聚絮凝动态过程.结果表明,Al/Si摩尔比、B值和制备工艺影响PASiC的聚合和带电特性.Al/Si摩尔比越小和B值越大,PASiC的颗粒就越大;在相同的B值下,PASiC较PAC具有更大的颗粒粒径.PASiC的电中和能力较PAC有所下降,且Al/Si摩尔比越小,PASiC的电中和能力下降越多;与PAC相比,PASiC具有更快的凝聚絮凝速度和形成更大的絮体;且Al/Si摩尔比越小,PASiC形成的絮体就越大.     

强化混凝消除水中全氟化合物

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）有机改性膨润土作为助凝剂,采用聚合氯化铝（PAC）协同CTAB-膨润土进行强化混凝实验,对消除水中两类典型的全氟化合物全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）/全氟辛酸（PFOA）和浊度进行研究.考察了PAC和CTAB-膨润土投加量、pH值、原水浊度对PFOS/PFOA和浊度去除的影响.结果表明,经有机改性,实现了CTAB对膨润土的插层,增大了层间距,比表面积、阳离子交换容量、有机碳含量也得到较大提高.在PAC投加量为20mg/L、CTAB-膨润土投加量为30mg、pH6~7时,强化混凝去除效果分别达到76%、70%,PFOS/PFOA去除率随着CTAB-膨润土投加量的增大而增大.最佳pH值范围是6~7,混凝过程中Zeta电位在pH值为6.0时达到最大,pH值为7.0时接近于零.PFOS/PFOA的去除率随着原水浊度的增大而增大.     

Fractionation of residual Al in natural water treatment from reservoir with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC): Effect of OH/Al, Si/Al molar ratios and initial pH

An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction.     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的形态及带电特性研究

以ＡｌＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ、ＮａＯＨ、盐酸和水玻璃为原料制备了不同碱化度（Ｂ）及不同Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝混凝剂（ＰＡＳＣ）,采用Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和微电泳技术研究了ＰＡＳＣ中铝的水解产物形态分布及铝的水解沉淀物的带电特性,考察了Ｂ及Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ中铝水解产物形态分布及带电特性的影响情况,并与聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）进行了比较,实验结果表明,Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ的形态分布有较大     

Electrokinetic characteristic and coagulation behavior flocculant polyaluminum silicate chloride (PASiC)

The electrokinetic characteristics and coagulation behaviors of polyaluminum silicate chloride(PASiC)and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were studied and compared by streaming current(SC) measurement and jar test method.The experimental results showed that the interaction between polysilicic acid characterized negative charge and hydrolyzed aluminum species result in a decrease of the charge-neutralizing ability of PASiC, compared to PAC.The decrease has a close relationship with the basicity(B) and Al/Si molar ratio in PASiC.The less the B value and the Al/Si molar ratio,the lower the change-neutralizing ability of PASiC is.In contrast,the preparation technique for PASiC affects the charge-neutralization of PASiC to a smaller extent.In addition, compared with PAC, PASiC may enhance aggregating efficiency and give better coagulating effects.     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂中Al(Ⅲ)水解聚合历程及铝硅作用特性研究

采用共聚与复合两种制备工艺，制备出了系列具有不同碱化度和不同Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝混凝剂，分析研究了ＰＡＳＣ中Ａｌ（Ⅲ）的水解－聚合历程以及聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物的相互作用，探讨了ＰＡＳＣ溶液的酸解聚。     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂除油效果的试验

制备不同碱化度和不同Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝作为混凝剂，实验考察了Ｂ，Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比及ＰＨ值对除油效果的影响，并考察了ＰＡＳＣ去除ＣＯＤ的效果。结果表明，Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ混凝除油效果影响较大，随Ｂ值增大，除油效果提高；Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ混凝除油效果影响较小；     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.