工作不安全感对安全绩效的影响 ——基于某大型电力公司的实证研究

由于安全问题备受关注,采用问卷研究法,通过构建调节—中介模型探讨工作不安全感影响员工安全绩效的机制。对某大型电力公司329位员工进行问卷调查后发现,员工的工作满意感中工作不安全感对员工安全绩效的消极影响,情绪智力通过调节工作不安全感与工作满意感的关系削弱了工作不安全感对安全绩效的消极作用,即当组织变革给员工带来工作不安全感时,高情绪智力的个体会通过有效的情绪管理减少工作不满意感,进而缓冲工作不安全感对安全绩效的影响,而低情绪智力的个体会过于情绪化,使得工作不安全感显著影响工作满意感,进而使员工的安全绩效受到影响。     

员工薪酬满意度对其安全行为的影响研究

为探究薪酬满意度对员工安全行为的影响,引入调节变量——组织安全行为来分析薪酬满意度对员工安全行为的作用过程。首先在相关研究基础上,建立薪酬满意度、员工安全行为和组织安全行为的分析模型。设计调查问卷,并向某大型施工企业员工发放。利用问卷数据,采用调节效应法对模型关系进行实证检验。结果表明,员工薪酬满意度、组织安全行为均对员工安全行为有显著正向影响。组织安全行为强化了薪酬满意度对员工安全行为的积极作用。组织安全行为与薪酬满意度、薪酬水平存在互补效应,与薪酬公平度存在替代效应。因此,企业在未来强调安全行为时,应考虑员工薪酬满意度和组织安全行为的共同影响。     

企业员工不安全行为影响因素量表的初步开发

本文通过大量资料的搜集,概括出了影响员工不安全行为的众多因素,并根据他们的可控性进行了分类.在此理论研究的基础上,用调查问卷的方法,构建了企业员工不安全行为的影响因素量表,并通过spss16.0软件包对其进行因素分析,检验量表的效度和信度,最终形成了四个企业员工不安全行为影响因素正式量表.其中包括:企业员工不安全行为个人安全素质影响因素量表、企业员工不安全行为领导影响因素量表、企业员工不安全行为组织影响因素量表和企业员工不安全行为工作内容和环境影响因素量表.此外,本文还对中交天航第五经理部的施工人员进行了实证研究,用spss16.0软件包对搜集到的数据进行分析,包括:各量表中包含的题项的内部分析、四个量表中所有题项的整体分析和每个量表中的群体差异性分析,并在以上分析的基础上,最终得出了该企业对员工不安全行为影响因素的管理现状.     

风险偏好中介作用下矿工工作压力对不安全行为的影响

矿工不安全行为是造成煤矿事故的主要原因。为了进一步预防不安全行为造成事故，以矿工为研究对象，分析风险偏好、工作压力与不安全行为之间的关系。首先，在相关文献的研究基础上提出假设和构建模型。然后，对陕西煤业化工集团下2家具有代表性的煤矿进行问卷形式的调查。最后，运用SPSS 26.0和AMOS 25.0软件对调查问卷进行统计分析、假设检验分析及风险偏好中介作用的检验分析。结果表明，在风险偏好中介作用下，家庭环境压力、岗位职责压力、工作环境压力、职业发展压力和组织体制压力对不安全行为有显著的影响，其中工作环境压力影响最大。因此，为减少煤矿事故的发生，需改善员工工作环境，降低员工工作压力，培养员工形成正确的风险观念。     

基于GA-SVM的施工人员安全行为影响因素及决策模型研究

导致施工人员不安全行为的因素众多,如何保证员工进行安全施工是施工企业亟待解决的问题。为分析施工人员安全行为的影响因素及作用机理,从社会资本理论、认知心理学理论和安全行为理论分析了安全行为的影响因素,并设计了相关调查问卷。在进行仿真分析前,采用遗传算法优化计算的方法筛选出了13个关键影响因素,降低了自变量之间的相关性,之后利用支持向量机(SVM)的方法对决策模型进行了仿真分析,并与BP神经网络模型做了对比。仿真结果表明:基于筛选出的关键影响因素的SVM仿真模型的精度和有效性大于BP神经网络模型,模型精度为0.00887,相关系数为88.4%,说明影响因素与安全行为之间具有较好的拟合关系。研究结论为企业衡量员工安全行为水平,提高员工安全行为能力和企业安全管理能力提供理论支持。     

工作不安全感对矿工安全绩效的影响:基于代际差异视角

为提升煤矿安全管理水平,改善矿工安全绩效,基于理论分析与代际差异视角,建立工作不安全感、组织承诺、安全绩效与代际差异的关系假设模型;通过问卷调查收集476名一线矿工的有效数据,利用结构方程模型(SEM)分析直接效应,并检验组织承诺的中介作用以及代际差异的调节效应。结果表明:工作丧失不安全感、工作执行不安全感与人际关系不安全感显著负向作用于安全绩效与组织承诺;组织承诺显著正向作用于安全绩效,并在工作不安全感与安全绩效关联中起完全中介作用;代际差异效应显著,相比老一代矿工,新生代矿工的组织承诺受工作执行不安全感负向影响更为显著,但安全绩效受工作丧失不安全感与人际关系不安全感的负向影响更为微弱。     

煤矿企业员工行为对安全生产的影响及安全文化构建

从员工行为视角探讨煤矿企业影响安全生产的因素,提出不规范的个体行为、领导行为和群体行为导致了安全事故的频发。实证分析表明:员工行为是影响煤矿企业安全生产的重要因素之一,其影响程度约占11.2%;煤矿企业员工行为主要是通过安全文化影响企业的安全生产,因此,煤矿企业应当通过安全文化构建纠正员工不规范行为,即构建一种基于员工行为能力的煤矿企业安全文化提高组织员工队伍的行为能力,增强企业的凝聚力,为煤矿企业安全生产提供有效的支持和保障。     

工作场所欺凌对安全绩效的影响——一个被调节的链式中介模型

为探究工作场所欺凌对矿工安全绩效的作用机制和边界条件，通过理论分析和文献研究提出假设模型。采用工作场所欺凌量表、工作不安全感量表、工作投入量表、心理韧性量表和安全绩效量表，随机抽取450名矿工进行调查，通过SPSS和AMOS分析验证假设模型。结果表明：工作场所欺凌对矿工安全绩效具有显著的负向影响；工作不安全感和工作投入在工作场所欺凌与矿工安全绩效间不仅分别起单独中介作用，并共同发挥了链式中介作用；最后，心理韧性在工作场所欺凌与工作不安全感之间起负向调节作用。减少工作场所欺凌的发生，缓解乃至消除工作不安全感，提高矿工工作投入，增强个体的心理韧性能够有效提高安全绩效水平，减少安全事故。     

行为安全管理系统中员工不安全行为涌现性抑制的研究

为提升企业安全管理水平、控制生产中员工不安全行为,需研究员工不安全行为的涌现程度和趋势。在探讨了员工不安全行为作为复杂系统一种涌现现象的基础上,将复杂性科学的涌现理论和CGP建模方法应用到员工不安全行为的管理中。先分析影响员工不安全行为涌现的因素,构建员工不安全行为涌现模型;再利用Netlogo仿真平台,动态模拟管理者、员工、组织、环境各因素对员工不安全行为涌现程度和趋势的影响。通过改变环境氛围、领导意识和员工素质等因素,对模型进行了基准模式和分析模式下的对比仿真。结果表明:员工不安全行为是多种因素影响下的一种涌现现象;不同因素对员工不安全行为涌现的影响大小存在差异。管理者的安全管理能力、员工的安全意识、工作环境、组织安全理念均会直接或间接影响员工不安全行为涌现的程度和趋势。在安全管理的实施过程中,企业可以通过制定有针对性的策略来控制和调节各种因素,以降低员工不安全行为的涌现程度,提高安全管理水平。     

工作价值观、调节焦点与安全绩效的关系研究——基于煤矿企业新生代员工的实证分析

为了从价值观和调节焦点的双重视角给煤矿企业新生代员工的安全管理提供科学依据,在文献研究和问卷调查的基础上,对 244 个有效样本进行分析,揭示煤矿企业新生代员工工作价值观的具体内容,结合动机理论和调节焦点理论,构建煤矿企业新生代员工工作价值观、调节焦点和安全绩效的结构方程模型。研究结果表明:煤矿企业新生代员工的工作价值观包含发展导向、自我导向、关系认同、独立自主、利益导向和创造导向6个因子结构;煤矿企业新生代员工的工作价值观、调节焦点和安全绩效两两之间均显著相关;煤矿企业新生代员工的工作价值观不仅可以直接预测安全绩效,还可以通过调节焦点的中介作用间接影响煤矿员工的安全绩效。     

Stress,coping and safety compliance in a multinational gold mining company

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of work stress, consisting of role stressors and job insecurity, with safety compliance at work. A secondary objective was to test for the possible moderating effect of individual employees’ coping behaviour between experienced work stress and job insecurity, and their safety compliance. A cross-sectional survey design was used (n?=?771). An electronic survey, with a biographical questionnaire and scales on role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, job insecurity, coping and safety compliance at work, was administered. The results indicated that specific aspects of work stress, notably role conflict, role ambiguity and quantitative job insecurity, and of coping, namely an avoidance style and changing the situation, were important in understanding safety compliance. A moderating effect of avoidance coping was also found.     

Leader–member exchange: Moderating the health and safety outcomes of job insecurity

IntroductionJob insecurity has been repeatedly linked with poor employee health and safety outcomes. Although research on high quality leader–member exchange (LMX) has demonstrated many beneficial effects, no research to date has examined the extent to which positive LMX might attenuate those adverse health and safety-related consequences of job insecurity. The current study extends research in this area by specifically examining the buffering impact of LMX on the relationship between job insecurity and safety knowledge, reported accidents, and physical health conditions. Furthermore, the study also examines whether positive LMX mitigates the typically seen negative impact of job insecurity on supervisor satisfaction.MethodsThe hypotheses were tested using survey data collected from 212 employees of a mine located in southwestern United States.ResultsAs predicted, job insecurity was related to lower levels of supervisor satisfaction, more health ailments, and more workplace accidents, and was marginally related to lower levels of safety knowledge. Results indicated that LMX significantly attenuated these observed relationships.ConclusionsThe quality of the dyadic relationship between supervisor and subordinate has a significant impact on the extent to which job insecurity is associated with adverse health and safety outcomes.Practical applicationsPractical implications for supervisor behavior and developing high quality LMX are discussed in light of today's pervasive job insecurity.     

工作环境压力源对煤矿工人反生产行为和安全的影响

为减少煤矿工人因工作压力而产生的不安全行为,进一步预防安全事故的发生,采用问卷调查的方法,探讨工作环境压力源(即物理环境和工作危险)对煤矿工人反生产行为(CWB)和安全的影响,以及一般自我效能感的调节作用。研究共收取有效样本250份。分析表明:工作危险对于煤矿工人的针对组织和针对个人的反生产行为均呈显著正相关;工作危险与受伤呈显著正相关;就工作危险与工人受伤次数间的关系而言,一般自我效能感有调节作用。研究结果表明,煤矿企业可通过减少危险源、开展提升员工自我效能感的培训等措施,来削弱工作环境因素对员工安全生产行为的消极影响。     

工作满意度对建筑工人不安全行为的矫正机制研究*

为探讨工作满意度对建筑工人不安全行为矫正机制,基于文献调研构建工作满意度对建筑工人不安全行为矫正机制理论模型,并通过验证性因子分析和结构方程模型分析,对理论模型进行实证检验。结果表明:工作满意度对建筑工人安全不服从行为和安全不参与行为有显著矫正作用,敬业度在工作满意度和建筑工人安全不服从行为与安全不参与行为间起完全中介作用。对于新生代建筑工人,工作满意度通过敬业度对安全不服从行为矫正效应小于对安全不参与行为的矫正效应,对于老一代建筑工人,矫正效应则相反。研究结果可为广大建筑施工企业矫正其工人的不安全行为提供依据。     

Routinization of job context and job content as related to employees' quality of working life: A study of Canadian nurses

The literature on routinization of work is both ambiguous and equivocal when its impact on quality of working life is considered. The classical management literature suggests that routinization of work has a positive influence on individual performance and by implication on the quality of working life resulting from the overall prosperity generated. However, more recent literature on job characteristics and job design argues that routinization of work has a negative impact on individual performance as it suppresses creative expression on the job. This paper suggests that these mixed findings are due to an inadequate theoretical grasp of the concept of routinization and presents empirical evidence which attempts to clarify the ambiguity. Data were collected from 1148 nurses working in anglophone hospitals in the greater Montreal area in the form of a field survey questionnaire. The results indicated that nurses who worked routine shifts perceived higher levels of quality of working life compared to those on non-routine shifts. The results also indicated that nurses who experienced high routinization in job content perceived lower levels of quality of working life compared to those nurses who experienced low routinization in job content. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.     

Behaving safely under pressure: The effects of job demands,resources, and safety climate on employee physical and psychosocial safety behavior

Introduction: Previous research has shown that employees who experience high job demands are more inclined to show unsafe behaviors in the workplace. In this paper, we examine why some employees behave safely when faced with these demands while others do not. We add to the literature by incorporating both physical and psychosocial safety climate in the job demands and resources (JD-R) model and extending it to include physical and psychosocial variants of safety behavior. Method: Using a sample of 6230 health care employees nested within 52 organizations, we examined the relationship between job demands and (a) resources, (b) safety climate, and (c) safety behavior. We conducted multilevel analyses to test our hypotheses. Results: Job demands (i.e., work pressure), job resources (i.e., job autonomy, supervisor support, and co-worker support) and safety climate (both physical and psychosocial safety climate) are directly associated with, respectively, lower and higher physical and psychosocial safety behavior. We also found some evidence that safety climate buffers the negative impact of job demands (i.e., work–family conflict and job insecurity) on safety behavior and strengthens the positive impact of job resources (i.e., co-worker support) on safety behavior. Conclusions: Regardless of whether the focus is physical or psychological safety, our results show that strengthening the safety climate within an organization can increase employees' safety behavior. Practical implication: An organization's safety climate is an optimal target of intervention to prevent and ameliorate negative physical and psychological health and safety outcomes, especially in times of uncertainty and change.     

基于ABMS的矿山监管Agent工作倦怠现象的仿真研究

基于Agent的仿真建模方法（Agent based modeling and simulation,ABMS）和资源保存理论(conservation of resource theory,COR),构建了多Agent仿真模型,通过确定监管Agent、决策支持Agent、职能配合Agent和矿工Agent及其属性,借助Netlogo仿真平台模拟决策支持力度、职能配合程度以及矿工行为选择对监管Agent工作倦怠的影响,可以输出情感耗竭、人格解体和个人成就3个维度下监管Agent的数量。研究表明:决策支持系数Sc对监管Agent工作倦怠现象影响最大、处理有效性系数Ec影响次之、职能配合系数Fc影响最小,多Agent仿真模型促进了矿山监管Agnet工作倦怠现象的量化分析研究,为矿山安全治理提供了有效的决策依据。     

Work experiences and marital interactions: Elaborating the complexity of work

Previous research suggests that work experiences affect family interactions and family processes but does not adequately specify the job characteristics that influence such family-level outcomes. This study examines relationships between the quality of marital interactions and a range of job characteristics including the level of enrichment provided by the job, job time demands, job pressure, schedule flexibility, and job insecurity. The sample consisted of 523 married full time employees at a major U.S. company. Multiple regression analysis indicated that these job characteristics significantly predict the quality of marital interactions. Some directly influenced the quality of marital interaction while the influence of others was moderated by the presence or absence of stressful household roles. Results suggest that characteristics workers' jobs, and not merely workers' reactions to them, are associated with family interactions and family processes.     

目视安全管理在升船机工程施工中的应用研究

升船机工程施工具有工期长、任务紧、电力生产与工程建设并行、临工作业队伍多、人员和机械设备流动性大、多工种立体交叉作业等特点,加之不安全因素随着工程形象进度的延伸而不断变化,导致升船机工程施工安全事故呈现随机性、多样性和突发性等特征。提出一种目视安全管理在升船机工程施工中的应用方法,通过对施工现场的人、机、料、法、环(4M1E)进行目视安全管理,从"人身安全"、"安全信号"、"安全心理"三个方面的需要,利用视觉化的工具,通过安全色、标签、标牌等可视化方式传达必要的安全信息,达到现场作业人员进行自主管理、自我控制的效果。实践证明,这种方法不仅可以提高施工现场安全管理工作效率,减小安全事故发生机率,还可以为其他水利水电工程安全管理提供借鉴。