Optimization of parameters on photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol using TiO2 as photocatalyist by response surface methodology

The experimental design methodology was applied for modeling and optimizing the operation parameters on photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP) using TiO2 as photocatalyst in a photoreactor. Three experimental parameters (including pH, TiO2 concentration and CAP initial concentration) were adopted to obtain the preliminary information. The multivariate experimental design was employed to establish a quadratic model as a functional relationship between the degradation rate of CAP and three experimental parameters. The interaction e ects and optimal parameters were obtained by using Design Expert software. The optimal values of the operation parameters under the related constraint conditions were found at pH 6.4, TiO2 concentration of 0.94 g/L and CAP initial concentration of 19.97 mg/L, respectively. The degradation rate of CAP approached 85.97% under optimal conditions. The regression analysis with R2 value of 0.9519 had a good agreement between the experimental results and the predictive values. In addition, pH and TiO2 concentration had a significant influence on the degradation rate of CAP.     

中国省级环境决策支持系统的系统分析

中国省级环境决策支持系统(DSS)是基于GIS和各种模型的空间决策支持系统?该文介绍了DSS系统的系统分析方法和内容,包括软件需求说明?数据需求说明和总体设计      

绿色设计方法——设计领域发展的新趋势

 简要地介绍了设计领域发展的新趋势—绿色设计的基本思想，综述了绿色设计各主要研究领域的现状和问题以及发展趋势，阐明了我国开展绿色设计的研究与应用的必要性与可行性．     

基于ArcObjects的区域环境污染源分析评价系统

ComGIS在当今组件式软件技术潮流中应运而生,应用模型以及模型实现技术的研究是当前GIS领域深入研究的热点,基于COM和ArcObjects的区域环境污染源分析评价系统体现了GIS建模技术在地学领域的具体应用.文章探讨了COM和ComGIS 的基本原理以及基于ArcObjects组件库的二次开发技术方法,在分析环境污...     

总线类测试系统的技术现状及发展方向

归纳了当前测试系统的主流总线架构形式,对当前各种总线架构的测试系统性能及应用进行了分析,同时对当前测试系统的主要软件设计技术现状进行研究。在此基础上,提出了未来复杂测试系统研制的主要方向,要满足未来复杂测试任务需求,应加大应用LXI总线构建大型高精度混合型分布式测试系统。硬件方面,将VXI/PXI/PXI-E/PCI-E/USB3.0总线进行组网集成,满足大型应用测试中低速、高速、高精度的数据采集与传输测试需求;软件方面,应按照行业标准需求,研制功能完备、满足特定行业应用的软件系统。     

Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality

This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling(RSM) methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool(VAT) for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S.demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.     

水工监测信息管理系统软件设计探讨

介绍了水工监测信息管理系统软件的设计思想和功能。系统针对现场监测人员的实际需要,集成了各种与监测有关的信息管理、检索查询、资料整编、统计分析、图形可视化、报表制作、监测数据建模及预测等功能;还讨论了监测软件开发过程中会出现的一些共性问题。系统具有自主版权,功能齐全,数据库及系统架构设计合理,有助于实现水利工程的信息化施工和反馈。     

基于裂区设计的大气能见度拟合及预测模型

通过收集分析广州能见度及影响因子数据的特征,使用R-project统计软件作为建模工具,采用多层裂区实验构建模型基本框架,选择影响显著的因子进行变量变形处理,对年、月、日、小时的数据特征进行层层分割设计,并在对应层次引入代表时间含义的虚拟变量以提高模型的表征水平,加入二次项、交叉项等提高模型的精度,得到拟合度高、适用性强的能见度拟合及预测模型。     

Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality

This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling (RSM) methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool (VAT) for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S. demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias < 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.     

京津地区生态系统特征与污染防治

前言 京津地区生态系统特征与污染防治的研究是由中国科学院和院外的14个研究所共同承担和完成的。三年来,在京、津两市和河北省廊房地区34000 km~2的范围内,开展了多学科、多层次的区域生态环境研究。 京津地区是我国首都和华北经济中心所在地。建国以来,京津地区的工农业和城市     

River flood risk and adaptation in Europe—assessment of the present status

Flood disasters have had a devastating effect worldwide over the past century, both in terms of human suffering and material losses. The study of these events and development of more effective adaptation and mitigation policies has become a priority, both in Europe and other parts of the globe. This paper detects and presents the spatial distribution of river flood risks in Europe. The methodology we developed involves an assessment of three key risk components: exposure, vulnerability and hazard. A topography-based flood hazard map of Europe, identifying low-lying areas adjacent to rivers, is presented and used to identify risk, together with land-use data and damage-stage relationship for different land uses. The study covers river flood risk for the entire European continent. This methodology can be used to determine the level of future risk, using the estimations on Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability from specific climate and economic development models. Annual average flood damage is estimated for European regions, in absolute monetary terms and in % of regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The results highlight regions where the threat to the economy from river flood hazard is of major concern.     

基于ARM的嵌入式系统的应用技术

较详细地分析了基于ARM的嵌入式系统的技术特点,嵌入式系统的开发设计过程、体系结构,以及硬件和软件的设计方法.     

Options for the comparison of process design alternatives in the context of regional toxicological impacts

Process design alternatives can be compared in terms of effluents and energy consumption. Approaches can be used to account for differences in regional exposure and associated toxicological effect parameters. A significant number of approaches have been published in the literature to achieve these objectives. However, selection of a methodology is typically subjective and influenced by resource availability (knowledge and economic). Often criteria are not used to guide designers in their selection or to steer associated research activities. In this paper, the merits and applicability of five types of methodology are considered with the help of a hierarchical framework.     

基于GIS技术开发的DSS系统数据结构设计

“省级环境决策支持系统”是以GIS为基础,以模型方法为驱动的环境信息系统,其中涉及的环境信息具有数量巨大和门类繁多的特点。该文探讨了设计此系统空间数据和属性数据结构所遵循的基本原则和基本方法。      

基于网络数据的乡村旅游热点识别及成因分析——以江苏省为例

基于旅游网站数据,提出一种乡村旅游热点识别方法,以江苏省为例,运用趋势面、核密度、热点分析等方法探寻乡村旅游冷热格局及演变特征,并借助地理探测器揭示其时空演化的影响因素。结果表明：（1）江苏省乡村旅游热度的时间演化规律明显,年际变化呈“S”型演变轨迹;季节变化呈“三峰四谷”特征。（2）江苏省乡村旅游热度的空间结构在2009—2017年间经历了“单核—双核—三核”的演化过程,但其空间异质性依然显著,整体表现为“南高北低,东高西低”的差异特征。（3）影响因素在不同时段的影响强度各异,交通条件、服务能力一直是主导因素,经济水平对乡村旅游发展早期的热度提升有显著影响,资源禀赋的显著性趋于下降,生态环境和政府导向的影响力逐渐增强。基于网络数据的乡村旅游热点识别为乡村旅游定量研究提供了新的研究视角,对乡村旅游资源开发与区域合作具有重要的指导意义。     

Photocatalytic degradation of carbofuran in TiO2 aqueous solution：Kinetics using design of experiments and mechanism by HPLC/MS/MS

The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of carbofuran was optimized by central composite design based on response surface methodology for the first time. Three variables, TiO2 concentration, initial pH value and the concentration of carbofuran, were selected to determine the dependence of degradation efficiencies on independent variables. Response surface methodology modeling results indicated that the degradation efficiency of carbofuran was highly affected by the initial pH value and the concentration of carbofuran. Then nine degradation intermediates were detected by HPLC/MS/MS. The Frontier Electron Densities of carbofuran were calculated to predict the active sites on carbofuran attacked by hydroxyl radicals and photoholes. Point charges were used to elucidate the chemisorption pattern on TiO2 catalysts during the photocatalytic process. By combining the experimental results and calculation data, the photocatalytic degradation pathways of carbofuran were proposed, including the addition of hydroxyl radicals and the cleavage of the carbamate side chain.     

环境化学中有机化合物毒性的QSAR研究方法

定量结构—活性相关 (QSAR)研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。在前人大量相关研究的基础上分析了目前国内外普遍实用的七种QSAR研究方法 ,并讨论了各方法的优缺点及适用范围 ,以利于各方法的进一步推广。同时简要介绍了QSAR的发展趋势。     

过程工业HAZOP分析辅助软件

本软件是基于过程工业危险性分析的要求,以HAZOP(危险性与可操作性)分析方法为理论基础,按照需求分析、总体设计、详细设计、编码实现、测试等软件工程学的方法,开发了HAZOP分析辅助软件。采用Visual Basic 6．0开发程序和Microsoft Access数据库管理系统,建立了强大的数据库应用软件。     

三峡建坝前后洞庭湖区湿地景观格局变化

根据洞庭湖区1987—2008 年的6 期遥感影像数据资料,利用景观格局指数及转移矩阵模型等方法重点分析了三峡工程建坝前后洞庭湖区湿地景观格局的变化特征,以及对洞庭湖区湿地演变的主要影响。结果表明：①整体景观破碎化程度增大,景观异质性减小,景观形状趋于复杂化;②水体的破碎化程度增加,斑块间的结合度降低;泥沙滩地的破碎化程度先加大后降低,最大斑块面积有所增大;苔草滩地和芦苇滩地的破碎化程度先后经历了增大→减小→增大的过程;防护林滩地的破碎化程度由减小到增大到再增大;耕地（水田、旱地）破碎化程度在逐渐增大;建设用地斑块数增加最多;林地的结构相对稳定;③三峡工程运行使洞庭湖区湿地的水沙和泥沙淤积发生变化,导致湿地呈正向演替,自然湿地面积减少。     

集成仿真技术在空间光学遥感器设计中的应用

研究空间光学遥感器集成仿真中将光学、机械、热、控制等学科综合考虑的技术,从系统层面考虑各学科对光学性能指标的影响。综述了目前国外比较先进的光学遥感器集成仿真分析方法,主要包括以JWST为代表的STOP学科软件数据交互法和以NGST为代表的DOCS状态空间法,详细阐述了这些方法的集成方法和建模思路。集成仿真技术的实施开展可以减小产品概念设计和方案阶段论证周期,为总体指标的制定提供可靠依据。集成仿真是空间光学遥感器多学科优化的前提,深度集成和子系统协同仿真是未来的发展趋势。