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运用危险与可操作研究(HAZOP)和故障失效模式分析方法(FMEA),对己内酰胺装置的环己酮肟贮槽及其物料输送过程存在的危险有害因素进行了系统分析,并针对存在火灾爆炸等风险性,从工艺、设备及安全管理等方面提出了对策措施. 相似文献
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多元热流体技术项目近年来在新疆油田开展了众多现场试验工作,取得了一定进展。项目现场装置区主要包括复合热载体发生器及其配套系统,项目实施过程危险有害因素较多。通过研究分析,对生产单元进行了划分,辨识了各单元危险有害因素,运用HSE风险评价工具对风险进行了评价,提出了对策措施。 相似文献
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HAZOP分析方法在石油化工生产装置中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
危险与可操作性(HAZOP)研究是以系统工程为基础的一种可用于定性分析或定量评价的危险性评价方法,用于探明生产装置和工艺过程中的危险及其原因,寻求必要对策.通过分析生产运行过程中工艺状态参数的变动,操作控制中可能出现的偏差,以及这些变动与偏差对系统的影响及可能导致的后果,找出出现变动或偏差的原因,明确装置或系统内及生产过程中存在的主要危险、危害因素,并针对变动与偏差的后果提出应采取的措施. 相似文献
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建筑施工过程中众多的不安全因素使事故频发,因而确定建筑施工现场的安全生产条件,提高安全管理水平势在必行。基于建筑施工的危险性特征,采用层次分析法和预先危险性分析法相结合的分析方法,对建筑施工现场中存在的固有或潜在的风险进行了定性和定量分析。即先利用层次分析法对施工现场的危险有害因素进行分析,并计算各危险有害因素指标的权重,得出各危险有害因素指标权重的总排序,再利用预先危险性分析法对权重值较高的5个危险有害因素,即决策者的安全综合素质与安全技术水平、大型施工设备的安全管控情况、施工现场管理者的安全综合素质与安全技术水平、安全管理制度落实情况和施工材料的进场验收情况进行分析,进而提出降低建筑施工企业安全风险的一系列措施,以确保企业安全生产,降低人员伤亡和财产损失。 相似文献
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祁建翔 《安全.健康和环境》2001,1(23):2-3
石油化工行业具有野外、高空、高温、高压、生产工艺复杂多变、生产装置大型化、作业过程连续化、生产原料及产品易燃易爆、有毒有害和易腐蚀等危险特点. 相似文献
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唐艳春 《安全.健康和环境》2009,9(1):48-50
石油化工行业是“高危”行业,具有连续性强、高温高压、易燃易爆、有毒有害的特点,一旦发生事故,会给国家和人民的生命财产造成重大损失。因此,如何保证安全生产,防患于未然,成为该行业亟待解决的课题。本文根据MMEM理论指出了生产过程中存在的危险、有害因素,并提出了相应的措施,控制或消除不安全因素,预防事故发生。 相似文献
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分析了由于原油性质劣质化、原油中硫含量增加使设备腐蚀加剧,造成解析塔底重沸器出现内漏,致使装置凝结水中带油的原因,提出了相应对策。采取对策后,对凝结水系统中的油进行回收,消除了装置隐患并有效地降低了加工损失。 相似文献
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Flux characteristics of total dissolved iron and its species during extreme rainfall event in the midstream of the Heilongjiang River 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The occurrence of extreme rainfall events and associated flooding has been enhanced due to climate changes, and is thought to influence the flux of total dissolved iron(TDI) in rivers considerably. Since TDI is a controlling factor in primary productivity in marine ecosystems, alteration of riverine TDI input to the ocean may lead to climate change via its effect on biological productivity. During an extreme rainfall event that arose in northeastern China in 2013, water samples were collected in the midstream of the Heilongjiang River to analyze the concentration and species of TDI as well as other basic parameters. The speciation of TDI was surveyed by filtration and ultrafiltration methods.Compared with data monitored from 2007 to 2012, the concentration of TDI increased significantly during this event, with an average concentration of 1.11 mg/L, and the estimated TDI flux reached 1.2 × 105 tons, equaling the average annual TDI flux level.Species analysis revealed that low-molecular-weight complexed iron was the dominant species, and the impulse of TDI flux could probably be attributed to the hydrological connection to riparian wetlands and iron-rich terrestrial runoff. Moreover, dissolved organic matter played a key role in the flux, species and bioavailability of TDI. In addition,there is a possibility that the rising TDI flux could further influence the transport and cycling of nutrients and related ecological processes in the river, estuary coupled with the coastal ecosystems, which merits closer attention in the future. 相似文献
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浅谈对重大危险源的有效控制 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
阐述了重大事故、重大危险源的定义,论述了有效控制重大危险源的必要性,并介绍了重大危险源控制系统的组成。在借鉴国外重大危险源控制系统的基础上,结合我国的实际安全生产管理的情况,对我国如何建立一个有效的重大危险源控制系统,分别从企业和政府两个方面提出了几点建议。 相似文献
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《Environmental Science & Policy》2003,6(4):355-366
Emissions from industrial installations are regulated under several international conventions and directives to prevent harmful impacts on environment and human health. Stricter limitations often exist in national legislations, or due to regional and local conditions, than in the international conventions. The international comparability of emission data from industrial installations is currently poor. Comparability is an essential element when the environmental performance of different installations or techniques is studied, as well as in reviewing data presented in emission registers. The availability of reliable and comparable data is an important requirement for the emissions trading market. Comparable emission data ought to be used when reviewing compliance with the national emission reduction targets established under international conventions, as well as in reviewing the compliance of industrial installations with the requirements set in the environmental permit conditions. There are currently no internationally agreed principles or a comprehensive strategy for production of emission data at the level of an industrial installation.The data production chain principle presented in this paper provides a tool for identifying elements that are essential in comparing emission data correctly and that need to be taken into consideration to ensure emission data reliability. The method was originally developed and applied in Finland for emission and impact monitoring of wastewaters from industrial installations and fisheries. Due to the implementation of the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) directive the methodology was reconstructed for integrated emissions monitoring purposes. The data production principle was introduced for European use when preparing the BREF document on monitoring of emissions. It will also be relevant when the industrial installations report their emissions data to the Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs). 相似文献
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成维松 《安全.健康和环境》2014,14(10):44-47
介绍了将HAZOP(危险及可操作性分析)应用于滩海陆岸设施的研究,对滩海陆岸设施开展HAZOP分析普遍存在问题和适用性进行了探讨。 相似文献
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工艺安全管理系统的适用范围——危险化学品目录及临界量的确定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从工艺安全管理(PSM)的角度,对美国、欧盟等的工艺安全管理系统适用范围的定义进行分析,结合目前国内《重大危险源辨识》中给出的部分危险化学品的临界量,以此为基础制定适合我国国情的危险化学品目录并确定各物质的临界量,提出在我国推行工艺安全管理系统的建议。 相似文献
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附着硅藻指数在河流水质监测中的适用性技术研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对广西龙江和柳江中段共18个样点进行了附着硅藻的采样调查,并采用相关分析法、主成分分析法、最优分割分类法、箱须图法、逐步判别分析法和双向指示种分类法等数学方法研究分析了16个硅藻指数在龙江与柳江中段水质监测中的适用性.结果表明,3次4组不同水质类别中,IPS(Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index)和TDI(Trophic Diatom Index)指数与样点的箱须图都表现出合理的趋势,而且IPS和TDI间、及与环境因子及其他硅藻指数间的相关性显著.表明IPS和TDI适合进行龙江与柳江中段的水质生物监测评价,而本文提出的硅藻指数适用性技术也具有一定的推广价值. 相似文献