农村新型绿色能源的开发与利用——中国吉林现代化生物质能源项目介绍

“中国吉林现代化生物质能源”项目是中国吉林省政府和联合国开发计划署(UNDP)在能源领域里第一个旨在促进环境与自然资源可持续利用的具有深远影响和特别意义的合作项目。其最终目的是积极开发利用农村丰富的生物质资源(农作物秸秆)、运用目前已成熟的技术和设备、建设可为村民提供炊事和取暖用燃气、并利用生物质可燃气发电输入     

碳中和愿景下中国电力部门的生物质能源技术部署战略研究

2020年9月22日,习近平主席在第七十五届联合国大会上郑重承诺,中国将提高自主贡献力度,采取更加有力的政策和措施,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。电力部门是我国能源系统实现碳中和的关键,而生物质能源技术在电力部门的部署对于推动实现碳中和具有不可替代的重要意义。本文针对三类生物质能源的发电技术,包括生物质直燃/气化发电、生物质耦合发电、生物质与碳捕获封存技术联合发电,分析了技术的国内外发展现状,并从技术可行性、资源可行性、经济可行性和环境影响等方面评析了其在推动电力部门低碳转型过程中的可行性。同时,结合碳中和愿景下电力部门的减排要求及对相关技术潜力的最新研判,对生物质能源技术在我国电力部门的部署提出了相应的政策建议。     

贵州生物质能源树种资源的开发利用

根据贵州省生物质能源树种主要分布区线路调查和典型样地调查的结果，介绍了贵州省生物质能源树种的研究现状和存在问题，对贵州的生物质能源树种进行了分类并报道了资源的分布特点。提出了贵州应重点利用现有生物乙醇树种资源，积极稳妥发展生物柴油树种资源，并对开发利用技术和途径进行了探讨。     

山东十方环保能源股份有限公司

山东十方环保能源股份有限公司长期致力于环境污染治理和生物质能源事业,是高新技术企业、中国资源综合利用协会可再生能源专业委员会副主任委员单位。主营业务为投资运营污染治理、生物质能源项目及为客户提供污水处理、水回用解决方案和工程技术服务。在沼气利用领域,公司拥有"垃圾填埋气收集净化发电工艺"、"垃圾填埋气集气竖井施工方法"2项发     

给绿色一个主场——吉林省白城生态文明建设发展走笔

<正>近年来,白城突出风电、太阳能发电、生物质发电的开发利用,全力推进清洁能源及富余电力的就地消纳,提升质态,壮大体量,走出了一条绿色、清洁、低碳的发展之路。2018年悄然划过,新的一年已到身边。近几年来,吉林省白城市生态环境保护工作取得了显著成效。截至2018年12月底,境内嫩江水质达到国家地表水Ⅲ类水体标准;辖区内7个集中式饮用水水源地水质达标率100%;市     

绿色石油,止痛能源短缺

生物质枯木逢春随着煤炭、石油等能源渐趋枯竭,人类开始将目光投向可再生的清洁能源,生物质能源因此而重新受到关注。早在上世纪70年代的全球能源危机中,美国和巴西以玉米和甘蔗生产的燃料酒精崭露头角,欧洲以油菜生产生物柴油,以林业废弃物固化成型燃烧以及沼气发电等也取得了     

临沂市生物质能源资源潜力与开发战略研究

生物质能源是未来人类社会最重要的能源之一.利用已有统计资料和数据,定量估算了临沂市生物质能源资源潜力.研究表明,临沂市每年可利用生物质能源资源总量折合标准煤263.1万t,其中秸秆约占2/3,临沂市生物质能源密度比周边地区低.在摸清资源家底的基础上,探讨了临沂市生物质能源开发战略,即临沂市应大力发展小型、分布式生物质能源项目,谨慎发展大型生物质能源项目,不宜进行车用生物液体燃料开发,生物质能源的开发应同环境保护与社会主义新农村建设紧密结合.     

我国生物质气化耦合发电技术及应用探讨

文章在划分现阶段生物质发电技术类别的基础上,结合国家"十三五"期间煤电发展的产业政策,重点论述了生物质燃气耦合发电的工艺流程和主要设备,阐述了目前我国生物质燃气耦合发电项目推广应用的优势与不足,提出生物质原料预处理的方案,解决存在的不足。     

对秦皇岛市发展生物质能源产业的思考

秦皇岛市具有丰富的生物质能源资源和种植能源作物等发展能源产业的有利条件,应根据各县区的自然条件和生物质资源状况,科学制定生物质能源产业发展规划,并通过推动技术创新与科技进步、加强宣传引导和政策扶持等措施,促进能源产业的快速、健康发展.     

美国太阳世纪计划对中国的启迪

以光伏发电、储能技术和聚光发电技术为基础,同时解决储能和成本问题,美国正准备在本世纪逐步推广使用太阳能这一可再生超洁净的新能源。中国太阳能资源十分丰富的地区占全国总面积的2/3以上。若能因地制宜,采用集中式和分布式两种方式进行太阳能开发利用,完全可以在本世纪内建立起以可再生能源为主的新能源结构模式。     

欧盟MSW管理与有机废物厌氧产沼技术

本文介绍了EU（European Union）各国MSW（Municipal Solid Waste）综合管理和生物能源的现状和发展,着重介绍了有机垃圾厌氧产沼工艺、技术及其应用,提出了我国生物能源技术发展及可腐有机废物管理与处置建议。     

Basis of energy crop selection for biofuel production: Cellulose vs. lignin

This paper investigates the suitability of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), energy sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Amur silver-grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus), and energy grass cultivar (cv) Szarvasi-1 for biofuel production in Northern climatic conditions. Above ground biomass, bioethanol production yield, and methane production yield are used as indicators to assess the bio-energy potential of the culture. Results presented show that energy crops of Southern origin produce 30–70% less biomass than in the origin region. Nonetheless, both perennial and annual energy crops produce high above ground biomass yields (660–1280 g m^–2) for Northern climatic conditions. Experimental results show that bioethanol yield is dependent on cellulose content of the biomass. The higher the cellulose content, the higher the bioethanol yield. The biogas production on the other hand, depends on lignin content. The lower the lignin content the higher the biogas yield. Therefore, the selection of the energy crop for bioethanol production should be based on high cellulose content, while for biogas production it should rather be based on the low lignin content.     

Landfill Bioreactor Cells as Ecofilters for Extraction of Bio-energy and Nutrients from Solid Wastes

This paper describes a modified, ecologically based waste treatment technique, where municipal solid waste is anaerobically treated in landfill reactorcells in a way that both bio-energy and nutrients can be recovered. The controlled landfill reactorcell ('bioreactor-cell') serves as an anaerobic filter, where energy is extracted as biogas while nutrients are recovered through the leachates. The leachates can be used as fertilizer in e.g. energy forests within the controlled landfill area, and thus nutrients can be brought back into an ecocycle. At the same time anaerobic conditions result in an effective immobilization of heavy metals and other pollutants, e.g. through complexation to organic matter or as insoluble metal sulphides, which are immobilized in the fermentation residue. The long-lived organic fraction, remaining after the fermentation process has declined, containing a high content of lignine, serves as a water-holding matrix. Thus it helps to enforce a sustainable high moisture level, resulting in sustainable anaerobic conditions with heavy metals retained on a long-term basis. Also non-degradable products, like plastics, help to shield off oxygen and maintain reliable anaerobic conditions. Landfilling of organic matter under anaerobic conditions is a measure to counteract increasing concentrations of CO₂ in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities. A small fraction of the organic matter is long-term accumulated in the landfill, and the processes can be compared to those of natural wetlands.     

Paper and biomass for energy?: The impact of paper recycling on energy and CO2 emissions

The pulp and paper industry is placed in a unique position as biomass used as feedstock is now in increasingly high demand from the energy sector. Increased demand for biomass increases pressure on the availability of this resource, which might strengthen the need for recycling of paper. In this study, we calculate the energy use and carbon dioxide emissions for paper production from three pulp types. Increased recycling enables an increase in biomass availability and reduces life-cycle energy use and carbon dioxide emissions. Recovered paper as feedstock leads to lowest energy use (22 GJ/t) and CO₂ emissions (−1100 kg CO₂/t) when biomass not used for paper production is assumed to be converted into bio-energy. Large differences exist between paper grades in e.g. electricity and heat use during production, fibre furnish, filler content and recyclability. We found large variation in energy use over the life-cycle of different grades. However, in all paper grades, life-cycle energy use decreases with increased recycling rates and increased use of recovered fibres. The average life-cycle energy use of the paper mix produced in The Netherlands, where the recycling rate is approximately 75%, is about 14 GJ/t. This equals CO₂ savings of about 1 t CO₂/t paper if no recycled fibres would be used.     

开发区区域环境影响评价中的循环经济分析

以可持续发展思想为指导,根据生态学原理和循环经济的“减量化、再使用、再循环“基本原则,阐明了开发区区域环境影响评价循环经济分析的目的、重点和工作程序,提出了调查和评价开发区区域循环经济发展现状、确定开发区区域循环经济发展目标、构建开发区区域循环经济系统、提出开发区区域循环经济发展推进方案和对策措施的技术方法.     

Sustainable development: Scientific and ethical assessments

The problem of assessing the sustainability of human development is discussed in theoretical and practical terms.In Part I, two theoretical tools for describing the challenge of assessing sustainable development are introduced and briefly discussed: (i) the use of an energetic model to describe the dynamic interaction between the human and the biophysical compartment; (ii) basic concepts derived from the hierarchy theory applied to the development of human society. Sustainable and ethical development of human society requires the consideration of three hierarchical levels: the biosphere, the societal and the individual level. Such a holistic assessment can be obtained by integrating scientific and ethical considerations.In Part II, data illustrating the current terms of the dilemma of human development are presented and discussed within the theoretical frame provided in Part I. It is argued that even if we had a better understanding of the consequeces of human activity on the biosphere, current modes of organization of human society and its economic activity do not readily enable adequate planning for the sustainable development of mankind. Ideologies that can bias the discussion and the assessment of sustainable and ethical development are discussed. No solution is at hand; therefore, when we consider human development today, we are facing a high level of uncertainty.     

国内石油企业实施低碳经济发展的模式探讨

"两型"社会的建设为低碳经济的发展、实施提出了明确的方向,也为企业的可持续发展指明了道路。文章在分析借鉴国际大石油公司低碳发展实践经验的基础上,对我国低碳经济发展现状、石油企业面对低碳发展环境的机遇和挑战进行了系统分析,并对我国石油企业低碳发展的总体思路、模式设计提出了建议。     

The relationship between sustainable development and resource use from a geographic perspective

Geography provides the basic building blocks for the study of resource use and sustainable development, inasmuch as it categorizes the human environment. Within the environment are resources that are needed for the survival of society. As resources are largely limited and finite, humans as agents of change must employ techniques that allow an efficient and lasting use of the available resources in their environment. This paper discusses the nexus between geography, resource exploitation, use, and sustainable development. It also discusses the characteristics, types, and classification of resources, development and sustainable development as well as the challenges and strategies for attaining sustainable development, particularly in developing countries.     

REASONABLY FULL HYDROLOGIC DEVELOPMENT OF RESERVOIR SITES1

The size of multipurpose reservoir development is usually determined by an economic analysis of reservoir capabilities and the present and projected water resources needs which can be satisfied. This analysis is referred to as project formulation, wherein optimum conditions are sought. In responding to multiple objectives, i.e., national economic development, regional development and environmental quality, which are being considered in river basin planning in recent years, reservoirs should provide for reasonably full hydrologic development. Additional storage will be needed to provide opportunities for economic development, as well as meet unexpected development. Also, it provides more flow regulation capability for quality of environment considerations. An analysis has been made on twelve reservoir sites in the New York State portion of the Susquehanna River Basin to determine the so-called “reasonably full hydrologic development of reservoir sites.” Hydrologic, economic, environmental and physical characteristics of the sites are taken into consideration. For normal conditions, it can be concluded that a yield equivalent to about 80 percent of the average discharge (runoff) can be considered as reasonably full hydrologic development for reservoir sites in the Susquehanna River Basin in New York. The same technique can be applied elsewhere to determine reasonably full hydrologic development of reservoir sites.