安全生产与经济秩序

从安全生产与经济秩序的关系分析安全生产的各种现象、危害及其原因 ,提出了实现安全生产 ,规范市场经济秩序的对策。将安全生产纳入市场经济秩序 ,建立完善市场准入条件和事故淘汰否决制及从经济角度增强企业安全生产内动力、加大对责任事故中的腐败行为和破坏经济秩序的查处力度等方面 ,对我国建立和完善社会主义市场经济秩序过程中加强安全生产进行了探索。     

认证机构OHSMS认证审核程序实施探讨

对目前部分认证机构认证审核中的程序、实施中存在的误区，以及按照国家标准和认可规范性文件规定进行了探讨，指出了目前部分职业健康安全管理体系认证机构认证审核程序实施中的一些误区，并提出了具体的、规范化、标准化的做法。对于认证机构开展规范化、标准化的职业健康安全管理体系的认证初次审核、监督审核、复评工作将起到一定的借鉴作用。     

论结构、秩序和牵制共同决定系统功能

论述了“结构、秩序和牵制共同决定系统功能”的理论,并通过丰富的案例阐述了该理论在安全管理系统的应用。     

尾矿坝地震液化评价可靠度模型及应用

为适应计算参数本身具有的随机性和未确知性,将可靠度理论引入尾矿坝地震液化评价中。以测试数据的统计分析结果为基础,应用一次二阶矩法建立尾矿坝地震液化分析可靠度模型,探讨了可靠度指标与抗液化安全系数之间的关系,并将该模型应用到某尾矿坝地震液化分析中。结果表明,新建可靠度模型各参数的物理意义与统计指标明确,相比传统的确定性分析方法,不仅能判断液化的发生与否,还能给出液化发生的概率;可靠度理论在液化分析中能更好地考虑计算参数的变异性,进一步完善了尾矿坝地震液化分析理论,为进行基于风险分析的尾矿坝抗震设计和地震安全评价提供更全面的依据。     

中心商业区环境安全管理与控制

城市中心商业区环境安全的管理与控制是城市诸多问题中的热点.通过分析中心商业区的环境空气质量和环境噪声、防火防爆设施及应急装备、人流车流秩序、公共卫生系统,提出了在城市中心商业区环境安全的管理与控制中应执行的相关标准,设立了相关部门和管理措施.对中心商业区环境安全控制的规制化具有一定积极意义.     

25 years of higher‐order confirmatory factor analysis in the organizational sciences: A critical review and development of reporting recommendations

We discuss how confirmatory factor analysis results should be used to examine potential higher‐order constructs and advocate that researchers present five types of evidence, which are as follows: (1) the ability of the higher‐order model to reproduce the observed covariation among manifest variables; (2) the ability of the higher‐order model to reproduce the observed covariation among manifest variables better than more parsimonious alternative models—and no less well than less parsimonious alternative models; (3) the ability of the higher‐order model to reproduce the observed covariation among lower‐order factors; (4) the ability of the higher‐order factor to explain variation in lower‐order factors; and (5) the ability of the higher‐order factor to explain variation in manifest variables. We illustrate how this type of evidence could be presented with a worked example and contrast our recommendations with the manner in which higher‐order confirmatory factor analysis has been used in the organizational sciences over the past 25 years to support claims regarding higher‐order constructs such as core self‐evaluations and transformational leadership. Our review shows that a substantial proportion of the 44 examined articles failed to present enough evidence to allow readers to understand the size and importance of higher‐order factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于耦合协调度的煤矿安全应急管理评价

针对煤矿安全应急管理主动性和协调性缺乏易导致矿难事故发生的问题,提出基 于网络层次分析法（ANP）与序参量法的安全应急管理耦合协调度评价模型。通过归纳 煤矿安全应急管理进程中的耦合协调度,构建包括5个子系统、11个序参量以及33个二 级指标的煤矿安全应急管理耦合协调度评价指标体系。借助超级决策软件确定各指标权 重,然后采用序参量法对煤矿安全应急管理的预防、准备、响应和恢复4个环节进行协 调度测算。结果表明:示例煤矿安全应急管理的准备与响应两环节的各子系统协调度最 高,系统整体协调度较低。     

基于序关系法和熵值法的机场安全管理能力综合评价

为了客观科学地评价机场安全管理能力,研究了机场系统构成和安全管理概况,参考民航规章和专家咨询意见,确定安全管理能力的影响因素,建立了由4个准则层和23个具体指标组成的机场安全管理能力评价指标体系,结合实地调研结果及专家意见确定了各指标的测评方法和评分标准。根据序关系分析法和熵值法的特点,参考其他文献,提出了序关系分析法和熵值法相结合的、一种基于方差最大化的主客观赋权法来确定指标权重,构建了机场安全管理能力线性评价模型。结果表明,不同安全管理能力二级指标的变化对安全管理能力的影响程度不同,其综合权重大小降序排列为组织管理能力、人员安全能力、设备运行能力、环境保障能力。以长沙黄花国际机场为例进行评价,评价结果显示该模型具有可行性,能为机场安全管理工作提供参考。     

基于Winkler模型的沿空留巷底板变形力学分析

沿空留巷顶板岩层垮落到底板时,会影响底板的受力和变形,进而导致底臌,底臌的产生将直接影响采煤工作开展。为了对巷道底板的变形机理进行研究,根据空留巷底板受力特点,将巷道底板视为弹性地基梁,建立顶板岩层垮落在巷道底板上的不均匀荷载作用下的Winkler弹性地基梁力学模型,通过对高阶微分方程求解,分析巷道底板任一处的挠度、转角、弯矩及剪力的分布规律,并结合内力分布规律对底板破坏机理进行分析。结合工程实践,提出了防止底板变形的措施,为类似工程的设计及施工提供参考。     

Synthesis of CuO nanoparticles through green route using Citrus limon juice and its application as nanosorbent for Cr(VI) remediation: Process optimization with RSM and ANN-GA based model

In present investigation, an attempt has been made for the synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) through a green route by utilizing lemon juice extract as a bioreductant. The synthesized CuONPs were characterized through UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The CuONPs were utilized for Cr(VI) removal from water through adsorption method in batch mode at different initial Cr(VI) concentration, pH, temperature and CuONPs dosage. The maximum uptake capacity of CuONPs was found to be 16.63 mg of Cr(VI)/g at pH 4.0. Implementation of response surface methodology (RSM) followed by artificial neural network hybridized with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) approach has resulted maximum Cr(VI) adsorption of 98.8% under the optimized conditions of initial metal concentration 22.5 mg/L, pH 3.81, CuONPs dose 1.28 g/L and temperature 37.1 °C. Under optimum conditions, adsorption isotherm study was conducted, which showed that the fitness of experimental data was well achieved with Langmuir isotherm model illustrating monolayer pattern of adsorption. Thermodynamic study revealed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature, while adsorption kinetics was best explained by pseudo-second order kinetic model.     

基于改进风险矩阵法的配气站地震事件序列分析*

为了对天然气配气站进行抗震安全评估,以某天然气配气站为研究对象,通过分析地震事件序列,建立风险矩阵模型,研究系统失效原因及失效概率,评估事件发生后果。结果表明:事件C5,C6风险值相对较低,分别为18.75和15.24;风险矩阵模型能有效减小尖锐边界影响,为配气站采取抗震措施提供理论依据。     

Dynamic behaviour of direct spring loaded pressure relief valves in gas service: II reduced order modelling

A previous study of gas-service direct-spring pressure relief valves connected to a tank via a straight pipe is continued by deriving a reduced-order model for predicting oscillatory instabilities such as valve flutter and chatter. The reduction process uses collocation to take into account a finite number N of acoustic pressure waves within the pipe, resulting in a set of 2N+3 ordinary differential equations. Following a novel non-dimensionalization, it is shown analytically that the model can exhibit, at experimentally realistic parameter values, instabilities associated with coupling between the valve and acoustic waves in the pipe. The thresholds for each instability are such that for a given flow rate, the first mode to go unstable as the inlet pipe length increases is the quarter-wave mode, then a three-quarter wave, a 5/4-wave etc. Thus the primary mode of instability should always be due to the quarter wave. In the limit of low flow rates, a simple approximate expression is found for the quarter-wave instability threshold in the form of inlet pipe length against mass flow rate. This threshold curve is found to agree well with simulation of the full model. For higher flow rates there is a need to include fluid convection, inlet pressure loss and pipe friction in order to get good agreement. The reduced model enables the dependence of the stability curve on key dimensionless physical parameters to be readily computed.     

火灾事故致因的多因素灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联分析方法,以河南省6年的火灾事故统计数据为例,通过计算和分析纵火、电气、违反操作规程等多因素与火灾事故间的灰色关联度及灰色关联序;确定出影响火灾事故的主要相关因素;得出火灾多因素与火灾事故间关系的定量化分析结果。该研究为确定火灾因素间的关系提供了一种较为科学的定量评价方法,对分析事故主要原因、掌握火灾事故发生规律提供支撑,对提出有效对策有重要的理论意义和实用价值;同时,有利于减少火灾事故的发生,促进社会的安全与稳定。     

校园安全灰色关联评价模型及应用

通过对影响校园安全的因素分析和灰色关联理论在校园安全评价中的适用性分析,得出校园安全存在与灰色系统理论相耦合的特征。应用灰色关联理论建立校园安全灰色关联评价模型,合理确定标准数据序列,对非线性、离散以及动态的校园安全数据进行量化分析和评价,根据关联度大小来判断校园的相对安全性程度,并结合湘潭市5所学校的校园安全状况进行实例验证。其评价结果与实际情况相一致,该模型能有效地解决校园安全影响因素中的非线性关系和不确定性问题,可作为校园安全相对安全等级划分的重要理论依据,具有可操作性和可行性。     

不同灾后救援情境下医疗人员与医疗物品最优订购的报童模型

灾后救援过程中医疗人员和医疗物品的最优配置（订购）是应急管理的1个重要问题,运用多产品报童模型分析不同灾后救援情境下医疗人员与医疗物品最优配置（订购）问题。首先,针对地震、海啸等不同灾害类型的灾后救援情境,结合医疗人员和医疗物品的互补特征,提出3条基本假设;其次,分析医疗人员和医疗物品2种资源不同订购量的期望收益函数,构建2种资源的最优订购报童模型,根据海瑟矩阵证明该问题存在着最优解,并运用库恩塔克优化条件得出最优解;最后,结合数值分析方法,分析地震、海啸等救援情境下医疗人员与医疗物品的最优订购数量。研究结果表明:医疗物品最优订购数量与其成本成反比;医疗物品最优订购数量与医疗人员最优配置数量成正比,与其退货补贴成正比;医疗人员和医疗物品的最优配置（订购）数量需要满足基本的互补关系。     

水电站大坝群安全应急管理协同度测度研究

针对当前水电站大坝群安全应急管理缺乏主动协同而导致资源浪费的情形,提出基于网络层次分析法(ANP)和序参量法的安全应急管理协同度的测度。首先根据文献分析归纳水电站大坝群安全应急管理过程的协同关系,构建包括5个子系统和11个序参量以及33个二级指标的水电站大坝群安全应急管理协同度测度指标体系。其次借助超级决策软件确定各个指标的权重,最后采用序参量法对安全应急管理的预防、准备、响应和恢复4个环节进行协同度测度。将此方法用于国内某流域的梯级水电站大坝群。测度结果表明:该梯级水电站大坝群安全应急管理的响应和准备两个环节各子系统的协同度最高,系统总体的协同度较低,应采取优化措施以提高系统的协同程度。     

A generalized differential method to calculate lumped kinetic triplet of the nth order model for the global one-step heterogeneous reaction using TG data

Computing kinetic triplet is of importance for the process safety of combustion/gasification industries to establish the chemical reaction scheme and to assess the hazardous risk. Few approaches have been capable of calculating lumped kinetic triplet at one time efficiently, which might be attributed to the fact that the analytical solution for the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NNODE) for the n^th order reaction model has not been found yet. This paper presents an analytical solution of NNODE to compute kinetic triplet. Results showed that the proposed method (mass fraction curve-fitting error ϕ = 1.49%–2.07%) is more efficient to compute kinetic triplet of the n^th order reaction model, comparing to genetic algorithm (GA) optimization (ϕ = 1.43%–1.81%), Coats-Redfern (ϕ = 2.36%–3.16%), peak-shape, and isoconversional methods. A compensation effect between lnA and E_a is observed due to heating rates. Effects of exported data quality and smooth processing on computation of kinetic triplet are discussed. It is the first time that an analytical solution of NNODE (n^th order model) for global one-step heterogeneous reaction is derived for computing kinetic triplet. This work may help to search for analytical solutions of power-law and Avrami-Erofeev models in the future to efficiently calculate kinetic triplet for accelerating and sigmoidal reaction systems.     

基于非结构模糊决策支持系统的建筑施工安全管理体系研究

基于建筑施工特点和前人的研究,确定建筑施工的安全管理要素及决策准则。运用非结构模糊决策支持系统确定建筑施工安全管理体系中各要素的权重,从而对各要素进行优先级排序。研究结果表明:建筑施工安全管理体系中各要素优先级排序为事故隐患排查与治理、现场监督、安全宣传、各级管理人员参与、安全教育培训、安全审查、建立健全安全政策。该研究为建筑企业进行资源优化配置提供了重要的依据。     

关于城市规划中规划环评的探讨

城市规划是将持续发展、科学发展作为基础,对于城市发展中的经济结构、环境影响等内容加以规划,以发挥指导规范城市发展的作用。在城市规划的编制过程中要对环境影响加以评价。本文以城市规划与环境评价为出发点,提出规划环境影响评价存在的几点问题及解决思路,在更大的范围内保证城市规划的合理性,为政府相关部门科学决策提供依据。     

工伤保险在社保制度中的排序变化及其内涵

目前我国常见的社会保险制度排序是养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险,工伤保险制度位列第四位;而在计划经济时期的劳动保险制度系列中,工伤待遇规定曾位居第一位,尔后才是医疗待遇规定、养老待遇规定和生育待遇规定。上述排序变化的出现不会是立法者的偶然随意之为,而是以实行市场经济体制改革后我国劳动者-企业-国家之"三方关系"出现的根本性变化为背景原因的,与制度本身从一种面向牺牲了个人安全和健康的建设功臣们实施的国家慰谢待遇向以分散风险、损失共担为机理的保险制度发生的转化密切相关。针对近年来极端劳资纠纷事件增多的趋势,我国的劳动安全管理及工伤保险立法决策还应更加注重向弱势劳动者的倾斜。