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1.
Effect of female molt stage and sex ratio on courtship behavior of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus
In many species, males and females actively participate in courtship, and the outcome of pre-mating interactions influences
the mating success of both sexes. Female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, mate soon after their final molt to maturity; thus female molt stage dictates the timing of mating. In a field experiment,
we manipulated female molt stage and sex ratio to test their effects on the courtship behavior of both sexes, if female behavior
influences the behavior and pairing success of males, and if male courtship influences male pairing-success. Early-molt-stage
females avoided males during courtship, whereas late-molt-stage females sought out males. As a result, males had to pursue
and capture early-molt-stage females whereas males displayed to late-molt-stage females and more easily physically controlled
them. Males sometimes abandoned late-molt-stage females, but this occurred more often when females were abundant. The rate
at which females avoided males was positively correlated with that of males abandoning females, and males that were unsuccessful
at pairing met with higher rates of female resistance than successful males, suggesting that female behavior influences male
pairing-success. Unlike unsuccessful males, successful males more often made the transition between display and maintaining
physical control of the female. At high male sex ratios, males initiated courtship more readily; thus both sexual competition
and female behavior influence male courtship in this species.
Received: 7 July 1996 / Accepted: 10 January 1998 相似文献
2.
Xiaoguo Jiao Lei Guo Zhanqi Chen Jun Wu Jian Chen Fengxiang Liu Daiqin Li 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(11):2117-2123
Females of many species mate multiply, yet some taxon females mate with only one male, also known as monandry. Although the
underlying mechanism behind female monandry is poorly understood relative to female polyandry, there are two contrasting hypotheses,
male control and female control, for the maintenance of monandry. Since females generally benefit from multiple mating for
material and/or genetic benefits, cases of monandry may reflect male manipulation on female remating at the expense of female
fitness (male control). Alternatively, monandry may be favored by females, if females maximize their fitness by mating once
(female control). Here, we tested two hypotheses by manipulating the number of mating (repeated mating and polyandry) on female
fitness in a largely monandrous wolf spider, Pardosa astrigera. We allowed females to be inseminated once, twice with the same males (repeated mating) or with two males (polyandry) and
determined female fitness consequences. The number of female mating, regardless of a single mating, repeated mating, or polyandry,
had no significant effects on female fecundity, fertility, and survival and size of their spiderlings. However, the fitness
cost of female multiple mating may to some extent be underestimated under laboratory conditions. In addition, female survival
was adversely affected by induced multiple mating. Therefore, our results suggest that monandry of the wolf spider (P. astrigera) may be under the control of females, rather than under the control of males. 相似文献
3.
H.-D. Franke 《Marine Biology》1993,115(1):65-73
The commensal marine isopod Jaera hopeana Costa, 1853 was reared in the laboratory through 30 generations in the absence of its host, Sphaeroma serratum, to study its development and reproductive behaviour. It was found that adult males take virtually any opportunity to associate with a young conspecific in manca-I stage (first free-living stage) and carry it around in a characteristic position. This male-manca(I) amplexus ends during the manca's first postmarsupial molt (manca-I to manca-II) at an average age of about 9 d after hatching from the marsupium. Entry into amplexus does not alter a manca's molt timing, the duration of the amplexus thus depending exclusively on the manca's age when it joined by a male. Given a choice, males do not prefer manca-I close to molting over those just hatched. With the first postmarsupial molt, long before sexual maturity, female J. hopeana become receptive to mating. Before a female manca is released from amplexus, it is inseminated by its male partner. Sperm transferred to young immature females are stored within special sperm stores until they are needed for fertilization. The male-manca(I) amplexus seems to be a precopula, wherein males wait for their partners to molt and become sexually receptive. Nevertheless, it is inevitable that every second amplexus on average ends unsuccessfully: although manca-I have already been determined irreversibly (and probably genetically) as males and females in equal numbers, adult males are unable to predict which manca-I are potential mates and which are not. Males accept any manca-I as a precopula partner, and even when given a choice they do not prefer female over male manca-I. From the manca-II stage onward, females are continuously receptive to mating for the rest of their life, and mating can occur immediately upon contact of the partners without any significant investment in energy and time (en passant copulation). 相似文献
4.
In the stream-dwelling isopod, Lirceus fontinalis, mating contests between males and females occur prior to pair formation. We examined the relative contribution of male preference
and female resistance to contest outcomes. We first quantified male and female behavior during typical mating interactions
and examined the relationship between time until molt (TTM) and mating outcomes. We then examined the role of male preference
and female resistance in determining mating outcomes when females differed in molt type (growth, egg deposition) and appeared
to differ in TTM (due to hormone applications). Both male preference and female resistance contributed to different components
of the mating sequence but female resistance ultimately determined whether or not pair formation occurred. Males expressed
a preference for females that appeared to be close to molt, using variation in levels of molt hormone as a cue. However, males
did not discriminate between females based on molt type.
Received: 5 March 1999 / Received in revised form: 10 August 1999 / Accepted: 16 October 1999 相似文献
5.
Reproductive trade-offs from mating with a successful male: the case of the tephritid fly Anastrepha obliqua 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Diana Perez-Staples Martín Aluja Rogelio Macías-Ordóñez John Sivinski 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(8):1333-1340
In lekking species, females may become sperm-limited when mating with sexually successful males, and this may be exacerbated
by a poor male diet. Polygynous males may also be limited by the amount of accessory gland products (AGPs) they can transmit
to females, which in turn may influence the females’ refractory period and longevity. Here, we tested the effect of male mating
history, larval and adult diet on copula duration, mating intervals, female fecundity, fertilisation success, life span and
likelihood to remate using sexually successful males of the lekking tephritid fly Anastrepha obliqua. Flies originated from either a native or exotic host fruit and were protein-fed or deprived. Male diet and larval host influenced
copula duration, while the time elapsed between matings was affected by the interaction of mating order and male adult diet.
Female fecundity was not influenced by female position in mating order or protein inclusion into the male diet. However, mating
order and male larval diet influenced female fertilisation success. Importantly, as males mated successively they were less
able to induce a refractory period on females, as the last females to mate with a male were more likely to remate and had
slightly longer life spans than the first females to mate with males. These results might be attributed to a decrease in male
AGPs with increasing male mating frequency. We discuss the role of conditional expression of male mating frequency with respect
to A. obliqua’s life history, the trade-off that females face when mating with a successful male, the effect of larval diet on adult sexual
performance and the possibility for sexual conflict to occur due to high male mating rates and fitness costs to females. 相似文献
6.
Female mating behaviors are known to be sensitive to a variety of individual factors both external and internal to a female;
however, mating decisions are likely due to a suite of interacting factors. By independently manipulating female and male
diet in the wolf spider Rabidosa rabida and testing females across age groups, we demonstrate that, in addition to its independent effect, female nutritional condition
interacts with female age to influence female mating behavior. Overall, high-quantity diet (HD) females were more likely to
mate than low-quantity diet (LD) females. Within the LD females, older individuals were more likely to mate than younger individuals,
while within HD females, mating probabilities were equal across females of different age classes. With respect to mate choice,
only female age influenced the likelihood of mating based on male diet. Young females were choosier as they were more likely
to mate with HD males than LD males; in contrast, older females were equally likely to copulate with males of each diet treatment.
In addition, the likelihood of pre-sexual cannibalism was dependent on both female and male diet. High-quantity diet females
were more likely to cannibalize than LD females, and attacks were directed towards LD males most often. We discuss our results
in terms of costs versus benefits of female mate choice. 相似文献
7.
Male mate choice has recently been reported in some animals with male–male competition. In the laboratory, we examined whether males choose their mates based on female quality that was indicated by body size and/or days to prenuptial molt, and the effects of female quality on male–male competition in the hermit crab Pagurus nigrofascia. We collected samples from April to May 2009 at an intertidal shore in Hokkaido, Japan (41°N, 140°E). When a male simultaneously encountered two receptive females in the mate choice experiment, males chose females which require less time to molt. When a male guarding a female with less time to molt was challenged by an intruder, the guarding male defended the female for a longer period and was more likely to win the contest. These results indicate that male P. nigrofascia use time to molt to discriminate between females. 相似文献
8.
Mate availability can vary widely in nature depending upon population density and sex ratio and can affect the ability of
individuals to be selective in mate choice. We tested the effects of prior encounters with the opposite sex (i.e., exposure
to the opposite sex either with or without mating) on subsequent mating behavior in two experiments that manipulated mate
availability for both males and females in the wolf spider, Hogna helluo. The probability of mating in the experimental trial depended upon whether the prior encounter involved mating or not, and
males and females responded in opposite directions. Exposure without mating resulted in a higher subsequent frequency of mating
for females and a lower subsequent frequency of mating for males, while prior mating experience resulted in a lower frequency
of female remating and a higher frequency of male remating. Prior exposure without mating did not affect female aggression.
However, mated females engaged in precopulatory cannibalism more frequently than virgins. Mated males escaped postcopulatory
cannibalism more frequently than virgins. Our results show that males respond to exposure without mating in the expected manner.
However, prior mating (1 week earlier) had unexpected effects on males, which may be due to mated males being of higher quality.
There were little or no effects of the size of the prior exposure individual or mate on subsequent mating behaviors. Further
research is needed to determine why different species use different degrees of prior information in mate choice. 相似文献
9.
Polyandry and enhanced reproductive success in the harlequin-beetle-riding pseudoscorpion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. A. Zeh 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1997,40(2):111-118
The growing molecular evidence that females of many species mate with several males calls for a critical reassessment of
the selective forces which act to shape female mating tactics. In natural populations of the harlequin-beetle-riding pseudoscorpion,
Cordylochernes scorpioides, females are polyandrous and typically produce mixed-paternity broods. Laboratory behavioral analyses and breeding experiments
indicate that polyandry in this pseudoscorpion is an active strategy which increases female reproductive success. Females
restricted to mating with a single male experienced a higher rate of embryo failure and produced significantly fewer offspring
than either females mated to more than one male in the laboratory or females naturally inseminated in the field. Forced copulation,
insufficient sperm from a single mating, male nutrient donations and variation in inherent male genetic quality cannot explain
the greater number of nymphs hatched by polyandrous females in this study. Evidence suggests that, by mating with several
males, C. scorpioides females may exploit postcopulatory mechanisms for reducing the risk and/or cost of embryo failure resulting from fertilization
by genetically incompatible sperm.
Received: 5 May 1996 / Accepted after revision: 16 October 1996 相似文献
10.
We studied mate attraction by females of the praying mantid, Tenodera aridifolia sinensis, testing honest signaling of mate availability versus deceptive signaling to attract males for sexual cannibalism. We experimentally
varied female diet and mating history and measured the rate of attraction of a wild population of males to caged females.
Honest signaling theory predicts that virgin females will attract males at the greatest rate whereas deceptive signaling predicts
that hungry females (which are more likely to cannibalize males) will attract more males, particularly among non-virgin females.
Our results show that hungry females did not attract more males than well-fed females. Indeed, the opposite was true: hungry
females attracted significantly fewer males. Moreover, hungry females were no more likely than well-fed females to attract
males subsequent to mating, and mated females attracted males at a lower rate than did virgin females. We also observed female
T. aridifolia sinensis and male Mantis religiosa arriving at the caged females and we discuss the significance of these observations. The results refute the hypothesis of
deceptive signaling and show that mate attraction signals of female T. aridifolia sinensis are honest indicators of female mate availability and a lower risk of sexual cannibalism. 相似文献
11.
Butterfly mating systems exhibit great variation and range from strict monandry to strong polyandry. During mating males transfer ejaculates containing both sperm and accessory substances to females. In the polyandrous green-veined white butterfly, Pieris napi (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) these ejaculates average 15% of male body mass, but can represent up to 23% of body mass for individual males. Hence, mating is costly to males, and recently mated males increase copula duration but decrease ejaculate mass transferred to females. Substances transferred to females during mating are later incorporated into female soma and reproductive tissues, and multiply mated female butterflies have higher lifetime fecundity, lay proportionately larger eggs, and live longer compared to once mated females. Here we report that females of P. napi allowed to mate at liberty with recently mated males only (i.e. males that delivered a small ejaculate) increased their lifetime number of matings compared to females allowed to mate with virgin males only (i.e. males that delivered large ejaculates), the former group mating on average 5.1 times (range 2–10) and the latter group mating on average 2.8 times (range 1–4). The lifetime fecundity of the two groups of females did not differ significantly. Because nutrient donation from males is essential for females to realize their potential fecundity, we conclude that females of the polyandrous green-veined white actively forage for matings. 相似文献
12.
Summary We show how mate limitation appears to be critical in determining whether or not males exercise mate choice among available females. Thalassoma bifasciatum is a Caribbean reef fish with two distinct mating patterns: group-spawning and pair-spawning. In both mating systems, female fecundity is variable and size dependent, and female availability is high. However, sperm competition among group-spawning males apparently limits the number of effective matings in which a male may engage, whereas territorial pair-spawning males have little or no such limitation. Group-spawning males should be discriminating in their choice of mates and our data confirm this: there is strong evidence for assortative mating in group-spawns, with more large males joining in mating groups around large females. In contrast, pair-spawning males show no indication of mate preferences, and spawn with all females who arrive at their territories. 相似文献
13.
Why do female pied flycatchers mate with already mated males: deception or restricted mate sampling? 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The polygyny threshold model suggests that females make an optimal choice between mated and unmated males. However; in birds in which males provide parental care, the fitness of secondary females is often lower than expected from this model. This has been explained by the deception hypothesis, which states that males hide their mating status and deceive females into polygyny. Yet there is no direct evidence that secondary females are unaware of male mating status when they settle. Alternatively, females settle with mated males as a result of mate competition and costs of searching. We used videofilming at nestboxes defended by males to study mate sampling of female pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca. The females visited on average only 2.74 males (range 1–8, n = 43). Most (16 of 19) of the polygynous matings occurred because females had only visited mated males, or the unmated males visited became occupied by competitors during the sampling period. Among females that could choose between both mated and unmated males, the majority (13 of 16) settled with unmated males. These results lend little support to the deception hypothesis but are consistent with the view that females are able to detect male mating status but sometimes settle with mated males because of cost of searching. Prospecting females seemed willing and able to suffer the cost of fighting with aggressive primary females in the males' secondary territory if no alternative mating options were available. In addition to male mating status, females took male quality (plumage colour, age) into account in mate choice but the former appeared to be the more important.
Correspondence to: T. Slagsvold 相似文献
14.
Javier delBarco-Trillo M. E. McPhee Robert E. Johnston 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(8):1247-1253
When females mate with a heterospecific male, they do not usually produce viable offspring. Thus, there is a selective pressure
for females to avoid interspecific mating. In many species, females innately avoid heterospecific males; females can also
imprint on their parents to avoid later sexual interactions with heterospecific males. However, it was previously unknown
whether adult females can learn to discriminate against heterospecific males. We tested the hypothesis that adult females
previously unable to avoid interspecific mating learn to avoid such mating after being exposed to heterospecific males. Syrian
hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) females not previously exposed to Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) males can discriminate between odors of conspecific and heterospecific males, but they mate with either type of male. However,
when we exposed adult females to both a conspecific male and a heterospecific male through wire-mesh barriers for 8 days,
and then paired them sequentially with the two males, females were more receptive to conspecific males and more aggressive
to heterospecific males. When females were paired with the heterospecific male first and the conspecific male second, no female
was receptive and all were aggressive to heterospecific males. When females were paired with the conspecific male first, only
43% of females were then aggressive toward the heterospecific male. That is, interactions with conspecific males may decrease
a female’s ability to properly avoid heterospecific males. Our study clearly shows for the first time that females can learn
during adulthood to avoid interspecific mating just by being exposed to stimuli from heterospecific males. 相似文献
15.
Fleur E. Champion de Crespigny Nina Wedell 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(8):1229-1235
The maternally inherited bacterium Wolbachia pipientis generates strong reproductive incompatibilities between uninfected females and infected males (cytoplasmic incompatibility),
significantly reducing both female and male reproductive success. Such fitness costs are thought to place selective pressure
on hosts to evolve pre-copulatory preferences for mating with compatible mates, thereby enabling them to avoid the reproductive
incompatibilities associated with Wolbachia. Therefore, uninfected females are predicted to prefer mating with uninfected males, whereas infected males are predicted
to prefer mating with infected females. Despite these predictions, previous investigations of pre-copulatory mate preferences
in Wolbachia-manipulated Drosophila have not found evidence of female preference for uninfected or compatible males. However, none of these studies utilised
a design where focal individuals are provided with a simple choice in a relatively non-competitive situation. We examined
both female and male pre-copulatory mate preference based on mate infection status in Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster using simple choice assays involving between 30–50 replicates per treatment. Although we found no evidence of female pre-copulatory
mate preferences in either species, male D. simulans exhibited some preference for mating with females of the same infection status. However, this preference was not evident
when we repeated the experiment to confirm this finding. Consequently, we conclude that neither male nor female D. melanogaster and D. simulans exhibit significant Wolbachia-associated pre-copulatory mate preferences. 相似文献
16.
Recent theoretical and empirical studies have shown that male dominance is often at odds with female mate preference and that
indirect (genetic) benefits of mate choice may not be related to male dominance. We tested whether female preference corresponded
to male dominance and whether mating with dominant males conveyed benefits to offspring fitness in a small freshwater fish,
the African annual killifish Nothobranchius korthausae (Cyprinodontiformes), a species without parental care. The experimental design used controlled for the effect of male age,
possibility of sperm and egg depletion, and accounted for a potential that females express their preference through maternal
effects by manipulation of egg mass during ovulation. By sequentially mating females with males of known dominance, we found
that female N. korthausae showed no mate preference in terms of egg numbers deposited with respect to male dominance or body size and no congruent
mate preference to specific males was detected. However, males sired offspring with consistently higher hatching success and
the effect was repeatable across individual females. Thus, some males provided females with indirect benefits related to additive
genetic quality (“good genes”) and expressed via increased hatching rate, but this benefit was not related to male dominance
status or body size. 相似文献
17.
Kensuke Okada Taro Fuchikawa Yusuke Omae Masako Katsuki 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(1):53-59
Traditional concepts of sexual selection and sexual conflict make different predictions about the costs and benefits to females of exposure to males with higher mating success. The traditional concepts of sexual selection assume that females benefit from their mate choices, whereas sexual conflict assumes that the females suffer greater costs by mating with males who have greater mating success and thus reduce their fitness. In order to understand how mate choice evolves, it is necessary to estimate the overall effect of mate choice on female fitness. However, relatively few studies have conducted that investigation. In this study, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of mating with attractive males on the fitness of females in the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne. Mating with attractive males increased the number of female offspring but did not affect female longevity. Additionally, we found evidence that attractive males sire highly attractive sons. Thus, mating with an attractive male provides direct and indirect benefits but no fitness cost to female L. serricorne. 相似文献
18.
Time constraints and multiple choice criteria in the sampling behaviour and mate choice of the fiddler crab,Uca annulipes 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Active female sampling occurs in the fiddler crab Uca annulipes. Females sample the burrows of several males before remaining to mate in the burrow of the chosen partner. Females time larval
release to coincide with the following nocturnal spring tide and must therefore leave sufficient time for embryonic development
after mating. Here we show how this temporal constraint on search time affects female choosiness. We found that, at the start
of the sampling period (when time constraints are minimal), females selectively sample the larger males in the population.
Towards the end of the sampling period (when the temporal constraints increase the costs of sampling), females are less selective.
Furthermore, we suggest that the number of males sampled (and other indices of ‘‘sampling effort’’) may not be reliable indicators
of female choosiness and may not reflect the strength of female mating preferences under certain conditions. Burrow quality
also emerged as an important criterion in final mate choice. Burrow structure potentially influences reproductive success,
and mate acceptance based on burrow structure appears to involve a relatively invariant threshold criterion. Since there is
no relationship between male size and burrow quality, females are using at least two independent criteria when choosing potential
mates. We envisage mate choice as a two-stage process. First, females select which males to sample based on male size. They
then decide whether or not to mate with a male based on burrow features. This sampling process explains how two unrelated
variables can both predict male mating success.
Received: 23 March 1995/Accepted after revision: 14 January 1996 相似文献
19.
Shirley Raveh Dik Heg Vincent A. Viblanc David W. Coltman Jamieson C. Gorrell F. Stephen Dobson Adele Balmer Peter Neuhaus 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):695-706
In polyandrous and polygynandrous species where females mate with multiple partners, males are expected to maximize their
fitness by exhibiting an array of reproductive behaviors to ensure fertilization success, such as competing for the best mating
order within a mating sequence, optimizing their investment in copulation, and mate guarding. Though there is genetic evidence
of a first-male precedence in siring success for many mammalian species, the causes of this effect are poorly understood.
We studied influences on first-male precedence in Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus). We found that the time a male spent consorting and mate guarding declined with his mating order (both the highest for the
first male to mate). Mate guarding by the first male significantly reduced, but did not exclude, the number of additional
males a female accepted. Later mating males reduced the time spent consorting, suggesting a perceived decreased chance of
fertilization success. Consortship and mate guarding durations were positively related to the male’s siring success and to
each other, suggesting that males adjusted these behaviors strategically to increase their chances of fertilization success.
Our results suggest that besides being the first male to consort, first-male sperm precedence is further enhanced through
longer mating bouts and by suppressing the chances and/or efforts of later mating males. 相似文献
20.
Merja Otronen 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1994,35(1):33-38
Male fertilisation success in relation to male size and the mating situation (ordinary pair formation with a single, nonvirgin female vs. take overs) was examined in the fly Dryomyza anilis. In ordinary matings, large males achieved higher fertilisation success than small ones when they were the second to mate with the female. Take overs differ from ordinary pair formation in that the second male experiences intensified sperm competition. This is because in take overs the female is not able to discharge any of the sperm inseminated by the first male as she usually does before a new mating. Compared with ordinary matings, take overs reduced the fertilisation success of the second male by 8–10%, whereas that of the first male was 7–14% higher in take overs. Even though the intruder was always larger than the paired male his superior fertilisation success did not compensate for the effect of the sperm already present in the female. In D. anilis, males can increase their fertilisation success by tapping the female's external genitalia with their claspers or having several copulation bouts per mating. Thus, in a take over, the intruder could respond to the intensified sperm competition by performing more tapping sequences per copulation bout or more copulation bouts per mating. In matings observed in the wild, males performed more tapping sequences after a take over than after pair formation with a single female, although the difference was not significant. The results show that there are differences in fertilisation success between males of different size. In addition, different mating situations can result in considerable variation in the fertilisation success of an individual male. Higher fertilisation success for the first male after a take over may be significant, in particular, for the reproductive success of small males, which frequently lose their females to large males. 相似文献