生物强化技术及其在水污染治理中的应用

文章主要介绍了生物强化技术在国内外的研究进展,包括了直接作用、共代谢作用以及基因水平转移作用等三个作用机理;从自然环境筛选、构建基因工程菌、直接购买商业茵剂等三个菌株来源及其生物强化技术在治理高浓度有机废水、脱氮除磷、改善系统污泥特性、降低污泥产量等水污染治理中的应用现状,并对实际应用效果进行评价,对其中的主要控制参数和应用失败的原因也进行了探索,并提出了生物强化技术的展望.生物强化系统在应用上表现出了很好的应用前景,是生化处理今后的研究重点与方向之一.     

生物强化技术在生物修复中的应用

从生物强化技术的基础与分类、应用、系统的设计与运行等方面讨论了生物强化技术在生物修复中的应用情况。生物强化技术以生物修复工程为技术支撑，利用高效的降解微生物治理目标污染物，在环境污染治理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

生物强化技术在生物修复中的应用

对生物强化技术在生物修复中的应用情况进行了探讨,主要从生物强化技术的基础与分类、应用、系统的设计与运行等方面进行了讨论。生物强化技术以生物修复工程为技术支撑,利用高效的降解微生物治理目标污染物,在环境污染治理中具有广阔的应用前景.     

制浆造纸废水生物强化技术研究进展

制浆造纸废水是国内外公认的难处理的工业废水之一,文章介绍了生物强化技术在制浆造纸废水中的应用现状,在分析中,主要从生物强化技术、固定化微生物技术和环境生物制剂等方面,总结了制剂造纸废水生物强化技术的研究进展,并讨论了今后的研究方向。     

国内利用水生生物治理废水技术及其发展

详细地论述了利用水生生物治理废水技术在环境污染治理方面的应用和发展趋势,以及该技术在国内的研究成果。     

解析治理炼油碱渣废水中高效生物强化技术的应用

随着时代的发展和社会经济的进步,我国石油化工产业发展迅速,为国民经济的发展做出了突出的贡献;但是在生产过程中,会有大量的碱渣废水产生,这些废水有着十分复杂的水质,有着较高的含盐量和污染物浓度,含有大量的有毒有害物质,需要进行有效的治理。本文简要分析了治理炼油碱渣废水中高效生物强化技术的应用,希望可以提供一些有价值的参考意见。     

含酚废水生物强化技术研究进展

含酚废水是一类高毒性和难生化降解的有机工业废水,在我国水污染控制中被列为重点解决的有害废水之一。分析了含酚废水中酚类化合物的种类、来源和危害,重点阐述了生物强化技术的发展历程,并对含酚废水生物强化技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

浅谈生物强化技术及其在水污染治理中的应用

随着工业化进程,水体污染问题正变得越来越严重,如何治理好水污染成为备受瞩目的话题。生物强化技术的诞生给水污染的治理带来高效的解决方案,本文简要介绍了什么是生物强化技术,及论述其应用于水污染治理中优势,并通过相关研究数据论证生物强化技术在水污染治理中的应用及其应用的效果作出简要分析。     

造纸工业制浆中段废水治理减排技术

造纸行业废水污染治理越来越受重视,治理技术也越来越成熟,并在生产实践中推广使用,取得良好环境效果和经济效益。本文重点介绍了生物法在造纸工业中段废水的治理中的应用。     

生物强化技术在污水处理中的应用价值

生物法处理污水可以看作是物理和化学法处理污水的一种结合。但与物化法相比,这种方法的成本要大大减少,而效率则会升高,同时生物法的操作相对简便,没有二次污染,也因此被广泛应用于城市污水和工业废水的处理中。生物强化技术是一种利用生物来治理废水的一种高效技术,相对于传统生物处理技术来讲,这种处理方式更加灵活,更有针对性,而且效率相对来说更高,在废水处理中的应用前景更加广阔。本文主要研究生物强化技术处理污水的作用机制、原理,生物强化技术的实现步骤,分析其在应用过程中存在的一些问题,并分析这种处理技术的应用效果。     

Bioaugmentation and quorum sensing disruption as solutions to increase nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors treating nitrate-rich wastewater

Bioaugmentation of denitrifying bacteria can serve as a promising technique to improve nutrient removal during wastewater treatment. While denitrification inhibition by bacterial quorum sensing (QS) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been indicated, the application of bacterial QS disruption to improve nitrate removal from wastewater has not been investigated. In this study, the effect of bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 on nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors that treat nitrate rich wastewater was assessed. Additionally, the potential of a quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) to improve denitrification following bacterial bioaugmentation was evaluated. Curcumin, a natural plant extract, was used as a QSI. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and initial nitrate concentration of the influent were 700±20 mg/L and 200±10 mg/L respectively, and their respective concentrations in the effluent were 56.9±3.2 mg/L and 9.0±3.2 mg/L. Thus, the results revealed that bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 resulted in an increased nitrate removal to 82%±1%. Further, nitrate was almost completely removed following the addition of the QSI, and activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased by 88%±2% and 74%±2% respectively. The nitrogen mass balance indicated that aerobic denitrification was employed as the main pathway for nitrogen removal in the reactors. The results imply that bioaugmentation and modulation of QS in denitrifying bacteria, through the use of a QSI, can enhance nitrate removal during wastewater treatment.     

Performance and microbial community analysis of bioaugmented activated sludge for nitrogen-containing organic pollutants removal

Nitrogen-containing organic pollutants (quinoline, pyridine and indole) are widely distributed in coking wastewater, and bioaugmentation with specific microorganisms may enhance the removal of these recalcitrant pollutants. The bioaugmented system (group B) was constructed through inoculation of two aromatics-degrading bacteria, Comamonas sp. Z1 (quinoline degrader) and Acinetobacter sp. JW (indole degrader), into the activated sludge for treatment of quinoline, indole and pyridine, and the non-bioaugmented activated sludge was used as the control (group C). Both groups maintained high efficiencies (> 94%) for removal of nitrogen-containing organic pollutants and chemical oxygen demand (COD) during the long-term operation, and group B was highly effective at the starting period and the operation stage fed with raw wastewater. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that nitrogen-containing organic pollutants could shape the microbial community structure, and communities of bioaugmented group B were clearly separated from those of non-bioaugmented group C as observed in non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot. Although the inoculants did not remain their dominance in group B, bioaugmentation could induce the formation of effective microbial community, and the indigenous microbes might play the key role in removal of nitrogen-containing organic pollutants, including Dokdonella, Comamonas and Pseudoxanthomonas. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis suggested that bioaugmentation could facilitate the enrichment of functional genes related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, probably leading to the improved performance in group B. This study indicated that bioaugmentation could promote the removal of nitrogen-containing organic pollutants, which should be an effective strategy for wastewater treatment.     

微生物降解高盐苯胺废水的研究进展

相对于物理、化学等传统方法,微生物降解技术有着不可比拟的优越性,因此受到国内外学者的青睐。对高盐苯胺废水的微生物降解研究现状进行系统的综述,从降解菌的种类、降解机理和途径、耐盐机理以及生物强化技术等方面阐述了微生物降解高盐苯胺废水的最新研究进展。提出了高盐苯胺废水微生物降解研究中存在的问题以及仍需进一步研究。     

分子生物学在生物强化处理环境污染物中的应用

综述了分子生物学的相关技术在生物强化处理环境污染物中的应用，主要包括：通过分子生物技术育种、筛选、构建高效降解污染物微生物菌株；提供更科学、快捷、准确多样的环境监测和环境评价技术手段；探索微生物与环境污染物间的相互关系，及微生物降解污染物的有关基因定位，相关主要技术有：核酸探针检测、DNA-DNA杂交，rRNA和rRNA基因序列分析。质粒指纹图谱分析、聚合酶链式反应（PCR）、低分子量PNA分布图及由PCR技术发展而带动的基因多态性技术，如变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）、随机扩增多态性DNA技术（RAPD）等。     

Enhanced fat degradation following the addition of a Pseudomonas species to a bioaugmentation product used in grease traps

The presence of fats, oils and greases (FOGs) in wastewater can lead to many problems including blockages. Investigation of a bioaugmentation product, consisting of Bacillus spp., to degrade butter (1%, W/V) and olive oil (1%, V/V) was performed in aerobic batch cultures for 13-day incubation. Gravimetric analysis of the remaining substrates showed slowly degradation of the oil after a 2-day lag, but no degradation of the butter. Addition of a Pseudomonas putida strain CP1 to the Bacillus spp. population promoted rapidly degradation of both fats after 7?days of incubation. High fat accumulation revealed the potential use of the new bacterial mixture for production of added-value compounds. Lipase production only by the Bacillus spp. along with the analysis of the remaining lipids with thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography, suggested that the Bacillus spp. mainly only hydrolyzed the fat. The breakdown products were metabolized by the Pseudomonas putida CP1 performing preferential utilization of unsaturated fatty acids. Investigation of population dynamics using selective plating and a labeled Pseudomonas putida CP1::Tn7-gfp showed domination of the latter. The new mixture performed a successful cooperation with good potential for FOG treatment and an aggregative response desirable to fat degradation in grease traps.     

生物强化方式对生物转盘处理养殖废水效果及生物多样性的影响

畜禽养殖废水污染物浓度高、生物毒性大,导致传统生物处理工艺难以满足达标排放要求.为探究高效的畜禽养殖废水处理工艺,采用生物转盘作为主体工艺,利用异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌（简称"HN-AD菌"）为生物强化菌剂,对比了强化污泥挂膜和菌剂挂膜两种不同生物强化方式下该工艺在启动时间、碳耗、能耗、真实废水处理效果及微生物多样性方面的差异,以确定最佳生物强化方式.结果表明:①模拟废水试验中,菌剂挂膜反应器启动时间（19 d）明显短于强化污泥挂膜（33 d）,参数优化后发现,在相同处理效果下,前者碳耗、能耗较后者分别低48.22%、33.33%.②真实废水处理试验中,菌剂挂膜反应器的COD_Cr、NH₄+-N、TN平均去除率较后者分别高7.11%、26.97%、29.14%.③在微生物多样性方面,菌剂挂膜体系中Comamonas（丛毛单胞菌属）相对丰度是强化污泥挂膜体系的10倍左右,推测Comamonas可能是在异养硝化好氧反硝化过程中发挥关键作用的菌属.④SEM观察发现菌剂挂膜生物转盘盘片上的生物膜更薄,但HN-AD优势菌富集程度更高.研究显示,菌剂挂膜反应器对模拟废水、真实废水的处理效果均优于强化污泥挂膜反应器,且效果更稳定.      

Bioaugmentation of DDT-contaminated soil by dissemination of the catabolic plasmid pDOD

A plasmid transfer-mediated bioaugmentation method for the enhancement of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) degradation in soil was developed using the catabolic plasmid pDOD from Sphingobacterium sp. D-6. The pDOD plasmid could be transferred to soil bacteria, such as members of Cellulomonas, to form DDT degraders and thus accelerate DDT degradation. The transfer efficiency of pDOD was affected by the donor, temperature, moisture, and soil type. Approximately 50.7% of the DDT in the contaminated field was removed 210 days after the application of Escherichia coli TG I (pDOD-gfp). The results suggested that seeding pDOD into soil is an effective bioaugmentation method for enhancing the degradation of DDT.     

Bioaugmentation: a new strategy for removal of recalcitrant compounds in wastewater—a case study of quinoline

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基于文献计量的废水生物强化处理领域发展态势分析

生物强化技术是指通过向传统的生物处理系统引入具有特定功能的微生物,增强目标污染物的降解能力,提高其降解速率,从而改善生物体系的去除效能。目前生物强化技术已被广泛运用于难降解有机废水的生物处理,受到国内外学者的普遍关注。基于文献计量学对生物强化的发展态势进行分析,可以系统地总结研究现状与热点问题、评价研究机构科研实力与成果产出。通过对1994—2018年SCI-E和CNKI论文收录情况进行多维度、深层次分析,全面揭示了废水生物强化处理领域的研究现状、重要国家、重要机构和热点研究主题,帮助相关研究者认识生物强化技术的全貌,确立了进一步的研究方向。