炉内喷钙脱硫成套技术及示范

炉内喷钙脱硫成套技术及示范清华紫光环境工程中心邵瑞泽，曲颂华，马国良煤炭是中国的主要能源，每年直接用于燃烧的煤达９亿吨以上；中国的大气环境是典型的煤烟型污染。政府一直高度重视环境问题，对污染治理作出了巨大努力，１９９２年在两省九市试行ＳＯＺ排放费管理...     

关于推进唐山煤炭调入运输"公转铁"减排大气污染的建议

以"公转铁"促进大气污染治理已经成为国家的政治决策,交通运输结构优化调整成为与能源、产业并重的三大结构治污新"药方"。2017年天津港等环渤海港口煤炭集港"公转铁"和国三柴油车限行等政策开始实施;2017年10月起,京西北延庆过境6轴及以上运煤大货车流量减少了50%以上。数据显示,截至2018年12月每日仍有近3000辆大货车过境,运输效能低下,对北京市和京津冀地区运输沿途的大气环境和交通造成较大压力。经调查和初步分析,唐山市煤炭跨省调入是造成京津冀地区煤炭公路运输量依然较大的重要因素。因此本文提出建议:在巩固重点行业港口"公转铁"的基础上,开展煤炭调入重点城市"公转铁"。以唐山市为重点,推动唐山市消费煤炭调入运输"公转铁",提高京津冀区域煤炭铁路运输比例,从而进一步减少京津冀地区运煤大货车污染排放、提高区域货物运输效率。     

谈洁净煤技术与煤矿区环境保护

煤矿区环境保护和污染治理是中国洁净煤技术的重要组成部分洁净煤技术的发展注重将煤炭生产过程中产生的污染物和劣质燃料尽可能留在煤矿区进行集中治理和综合利用，因为这是提高煤炭利用效率和减少用煤环境污染的最有效途径。     

矿业、冶金工业三废处理与综合利用

X752 96()0这62煤炭开采的环境污染与治理/张同全(中国煤炭经济学院)//中国能源/国家计委·中科院能源研究所一1995,(5)一43,、45环信‘rK一3 一、煤炭开采环境污染的表现形式有:地表塌陷、大嗽侵占和破坏土地、污染大气、废水污染、破坏地下水源和诱发地震、滑波、山体开裂等自然灾害。二、影响煤炭开采环境污染的主要因素有:煤炭资源分布不均,开采布局不合理;煤炭种类多、质量差、高灰高硫煤比重大;煤矿分布分散,开采技术落后;煤炭洗选加工程度低。三、治理煤炭开采污染的途径有:推广造地复田技术和“三下”采煤技术;合理开发煤炭资源,优…     

"环保"才是煤炭工业的振兴之路

长期已来 ,煤炭是我国最主要的能源 ,占有举足轻重的地位。正因为如此 ,国家曾大力发展煤炭工业 ,到上一世纪 90年代后期 ,我国煤炭产品和消费量已居世界之首。回想煤炭工业近半个世纪的历程 ,有辉煌过去 ,曾是国家与社会的宠儿。然而二十世纪末时 ,煤炭企业却每况愈下 ,虽近年有所好转 ,但仍不景气 ,许多煤矿在艰难中奋争。这是在市场经济下 ,随经济结构的调整、环保力度的加强以及能源市场的激烈竞争而出现的无奈现实。煤炭这种黑色燃料之所以失宠 ,是因为人们发现它会引起环境问题。确实 ,煤炭燃烧时会产生污染物 :粉尘和有害气体 ,严重…     

山西强势环保"浴火重生"

"山西污染最重,但工作力度最大,治理效果明显."这是周生贤部长对山西环保成绩的肯定.曾经全国污染最重,如其高产的煤炭一般"黑"的山西究竟经历了怎样的巨变,最终"浴火重生"?     

"九五"煤炭环境保护工作的回顾

保护环境是我国的一项基本国策,是实现经济、社会和资源环境可持续发展战略的重要组成部分。煤炭工业是我国能源的支柱,煤炭在今后较长时期仍将是我国的主要能源,在当前形势下,环境保护不仅是制约煤炭工业发展的重要因素,更将成为实现煤炭工业可持续发展的重要基础。今年是“九五”的最后一年,为更好地做好“十五”煤炭工业环境保护工作,有必要对“九五”煤炭环保工作的基本经验、成功做法及存在的问题进行认真总结。     

山东省锅炉烟尘污染控制对策

山东省锅炉烟尘污染控制对策洪永发，杨征一、烟尘污染治理水平与成因分析山东省属煤炭资源丰裕的省份。能源消耗主要以煤炭为主，占其能源构成的７０％以上，煤炭燃烧方式大都是原煤散烧，因而形成了以煤烟型污染为特征的大气环境污染。山东省锅炉烟尘治理经历了由点源到...     

中国工业各行业煤炭消费总量控制的环境效应:基于36个工业行业的实证研究

文章基于对中国36个工业行业2001-2017年煤炭消耗数据和工业污染排放数据的分析,创新性地提出了"煤炭消费减排弹性系数",用以评价各行业煤炭消费减量对减少各类工业污染的直接效果,并借助面板回归模型,分析现阶段影响中国工业煤炭消费与污染排放协调的关键因素。结果表明:在"煤炭消费减排弹性系数"的衡量和区分下,2011-2017年间中国工业各行业煤炭消费与污染排放总量控制整体成效显著,但结构上稍有不协调,煤炭消费减量对废水排放的控制效果显著优于对废气和固体废弃物;面板回归结果证实了煤炭消费减量对工业污染减排具有显著的直接作用,并且识别出工业各行业研发创新与污染治理投入是进一步协调能源消费与环境污染的重要因素,对今后中国工业各行业实现资源有效利用、与环境协调发展的目标具有重要意义。     

苏、浙、皖三省“煤矿环境保护与三废治理学术交流会”在无锡市召开

由江苏、浙江、安徽三省煤炭学会联合主持的“煤矿环境保护与三废治理学术交流会”于6月7日至6月10日在无锡市召开。三省煤矿、煤炭科研、设计、学校、环保设备厂、医院及三省科协和有关高等院校从事煤矿环境保护工作的科技人员,共70多名参加了会议,20多篇论文在会上进行了交流。这次会议是三省煤炭学会继去年5月在杭州召开的“煤炭综合利用”学术讨论会后又一次专业性较强的学术会议。中国煤炭学会纽锡锦副秘书长应邀参加了会议,并对今     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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