生态住宅的水环境规划:I. 水循环

生态住宅已成为住宅建设的发展趋势和潮流,水环境是生态住宅小区的重要组成部分。文章以中信保利达美景度假区为实例,根据度假区建筑总体规划方案,结合当地自然条件和水环境现状,探讨生态住宅小区的水环境规划,全面统一规划住宅小区内各种水系统,提出小区水环境总体规划方案,充分发挥各系统的功能,使其相互衔接、协调与补充。重点对项目所在区域开发前后的水量平衡,水库的水位变化及其安全性,极端气候条件下的库区水量变化及其因应对策,高尔夫球道的用水方案以及项目开发后的水循环模型做了深入探讨,旨在为生态住宅的水环境建设提供范例。     

绿色生态住宅小区水环境生态化问题的探讨

生态住宅是我国当今房地产投资的热点，但目前的“生态住宅”很多只是炒作的时髦包装，有些问题亟待深入探索和研究。文章基于绿色生态住宅的内涵和特征及其水环境系统技术导则的基本要点，论述了水环境系统设汁的重要性和内容，并就水环境生态化问题进行了探讨。文章认为，将人工湿地污水处理系统、雨水收集系统、景观水系统、中水回用系统和绿地系统综合起来进行总体设计，使人工湿地处理污水工艺与生态小区园林及其水景艺术相结合，建设集观赏、娱乐和污水处理于一体的景观湿地系统，是实现绿色生态住宅小区水环境生态化的理想途径。     

高校生态文化教育与学生生态社团建设探索

高校生态文化教育是基于全球日益恶化的生态危机以及大学生自身缺乏生态文化意识而提出来的.而在高校,生态文化教育也正逐渐成为"培养高素质技能型人才"途径中非常重要的一环.如何在高校中推行生态文化教育,是我国高校园文化建设中尤为重要的课题,这一点在农林类高校显得更为突出.该文将以湖南环境生物职业技术学院30余年来坚持践行的生态文化教育成功经验为例,分析该校以第一课堂、第二课堂相结合的教育方式,以学生生态社团建设为平台的推广效应,为学生生态文化普适型教育范式、自助式成长新模式提供理论的建构和实践的支撑.     

济宁生态市规划与建设途径

生态市是实现城市社会—经济—自然可持续发展的一种模式和过程。以山东省济宁市为例,提出了济宁生态市建设的战略措施。从资源型城市的产业生态转型、水体和矿山的自然生态修复和孔孟文化的人文生态振兴3方面提出了建设目标;建设框架包括自生型生态环境、竞争型循环经济和共生型和谐社会。主导产业和循环经济建设要促进传统农业和矿山开采型产业向静脉产业、阳光产业、物流产业、文化产业和旅游产业的生态转型;从水资源、水环境、水生态、水景观、水安全和水文化建设几方面提出了水资源保护与水环境治理的综合措施;最后提出了济宁市煤矿塌陷区的生态修复对策和生态文化建设策略。     

苏州沿江生态城市群建设与景观生态整合

基于苏州沿江生态城市群建设的背景和景观生态条件分析,提出了建设有江南特色的苏州沿江景观生态格局的思路,即通过以水为核心,以"一江十道、五线、廿环"生态廊道和九大斑块为主的建设,构筑以农山郊野为背景的多等级网络式的沿江景观生态格局,从而整合区域生态景观,推动苏州沿江生态城市群建设。     

“两型社会”视域下大学生生态文明教育路径研究

近年来,中国经济发展迅速,但环境的压力却逐渐加大."两型社会"建设要求对大学生进行生态文明教育.大学生生态文明教育应以生态文明法治精神培养、生态价值理念形成、生态实践教育和大学生良好的生态行为习惯养成为核心内容,以提升生态意识、生态情感、生态毅力为途径进行开展.大学生生态文明教育是"两型社会"建设的有机组成部分,是大学生自身发展的重要因素,是高校教育工作的重要环节.     

四川遂宁现代生态田园城市建设的研究

生态田园城市是现代城市的发展目标,已成为我国城市建设的热点.现代生态田园城市建设的关键在于建立城市生态基础设施系统,为城市可持续发展和营造宜居环境提供生态系统服务.遂宁现代生态田园城市规划将生态基础设施规划、产业发展规划、社会公共服务设施规划"三规合一",营造一个生态安全健康、生产低碳高效、生活安康富裕,社会公平和谐的美丽新城市.     

小浪底水库沉积物中重金属污染及生态风险评价

重金属污染已经成为水环境污染防治的重要内容.研究表明,进入水体中的重金属大部分与悬浮物结合,在水流缓慢时,悬浮物逐渐沉积下来,大大降低了水中重金属元素的浓度.在特定的环境地球化学条件下,水库沉积物中重金属可通过一系列物理、化学和生物过程而释放出来,导致水环境"二次污染",严重威胁水库生态环境安全.因此,研究沉积物中重金属的含量变化规律,评价重金属污染的潜在生态风险,探讨其在水体中的迁移转化过程,对于保护区域水环境质量和防治重金属污染具有重要意义.本实验通过采集小浪底水库表层沉积物样品,对水库沉积物中重金属的含量与分布进行研究,并对其潜在的生态     

南方红壤侵蚀区生态清洁小流域评价研究——以江西省为例

自试点工程以来,生态清洁小流域建设在中国已实施了10余年时间,许多小流域建设已完成,而且近期的国家水土保持重点建设工程的小流域治理大多要求按照清洁小流域的标准进行设计和实施,然而目前对于生态清洁小流域评价的研究较少。小流域生态清洁评价是了解小流域生态与环境问题的基础,有助于提高小流域治理的针对性和治理效益。在综合生态清洁小流域相关评价方法及各项表征指标的基础上,通过主评指标筛选,建立了包括水环境、土壤、生态、人与社会等四方面14个评价指标的江西省红壤侵蚀区生态清洁小流域的评价指标体系。提出了生态清洁小流域的模糊综合评价方法,将小流域按生态清洁程度分为"好"、"较好"和"差"3个等级,按照确定评价指标权重、构造指标隶属度评价矩阵、基于生态清洁度指数的综合评价的步骤进行评价。以江西省赣县枧田小流域和上犹县园村小流域为例,对评价方法和评价结果进行了分析与说明。随着生态清洁小流域建设的实施,枧田小流域和园村小流域分别由实施前的"差"、"较好"提高到实施后的"好"的状态;在实施后,园村小流域的生态清洁状况(生态清洁度指数0.869)优于枧田小流域(0.847);而在实施前,园村小流域(0.726)进行生态清洁小流域建设的基础条件更好,枧田小流域实施前(0.570)后,生态清洁程度的提高幅度更大。根据评价结果,可以有针对性地提出改进措施和建议。该评价过程可为南方红壤侵蚀区生态清洁小流域建设的效果评价提供依据。     

新建城区河道水环境生态治理实践研究

为探究经典生物操纵理论在新建城区河道水环境生态治理的实践效果,本研究以上海市宝山区罗店大居为研究区域,人为对该区域河网水系中的9条典型河段进行水生态系统构建,对建设后的水质、生物群落变化、居民满意度等进行调查和分析,评价河道生态治理效果。结果显示,采用经典生物操纵理论,构建以“肉食性鱼类-大型枝角类-水生植物”为优势生物的水生态修复技术,对罗店大居治理河段水质、生态改善具有良好的效果。生态治理后,水体氨氮(NH₃-N)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)等指标均能够维持在Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水,透明度维持在60～90 cm,沉水植物覆盖率达70%以上,浮游动物多样性和生物量明显增多;河道对NH₃-N、TP和COD_Mn的削减量分别达到245.88 kg/a、39.15 kg/a和488.25 kg/a;周边居民对河道治理效果较为满意。本研究河道实现了水环境治理的目标,研究成果对新建城区河道水环境生态治理具有重要的参考意义。     

城市居住小区交通噪声的空间分布特征

根据实测所得交通流量和车型分布,采用预测为主、实测为辅的方法对典型居住小区进行了交通噪声预测与评价。对小区交通噪声的空间分布作了详细的分析,发现临街住宅交通噪声超标严重。另外,敏感点在建筑物中的朝向和楼层对交通噪声影响较大。上述空间分布规律对小区交通噪声评价与防治具有指导意义。     

The influence of public transportation on housing values

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is becoming an increasingly common development strategy with potential consequences on property values. This study explores the potential relationship between the proximity to public transportation and housing values. The objective is achieved by performing a hedonic regression using the 2013 American Housing Survey (AHS) sample, which includes 25 metro areas. In 2013, the AHS added a topical supplement addressing public transportation issues which makes understanding public transportation impacts on housing values more feasible. In this study, being located within half a mile of a public transportation stop was a significant factor in explaining housing values for 6 out of 25 metro areas. This research is important to real estate practitioners operating within TODs as proximity to public transportation may significantly influence property values.     

Methodology for an urban ecological footprint to evaluate sustainable development in China

The ecological footprint (EF) is a method for measuring sustainable development through ecological impact. A methodology is presented for predicting urban ecological footprints. Urban energy use and natural resource consumption were analyzed to calculate an EF based on land type (arable, pasture, forest, fossil energy land, built-up area and water area) and consumption (food, housing, transportation, goods, services and waste). The result was then compared with the local ecological carrying capacity to develop criteria for sustainable ecological footprints. Case studies of four cities in China (Guangzhou, Ningbo, Suzhou and Yangzhou) illustrate the urban EF approach. The time series of EF in a case study of Guangzhou for 1991–2001 was analyzed and the consumption–land-use matrix of urban EF was established. The results show that the cities are ecologically unsustainable, with average ecological conflicts per capita of more than 2 ha. The urban EF method is useful to measure urban sustainable development and provides policy proposals for decision-making. However, the EF method still has limitations and weaknesses.     

对我国商业银行理性发展住房信贷业务的探讨

随着国家宏观调控政策的不断出台,商业银行作为房地产业的主要融资部门,作为政策的执行者之一,为了房地产业的健康发展,应在防范风险的前提下,理性地发展住房信贷业务.     

Conservation Value of Clustered Housing Developments

Abstract:  Traditionally, exurban lands in Colorado have been subdivided into a grid of parcels ranging from 2 to 16 ha. From an ecological perspective, this dispersed pattern of development effectively maximizes the individual influence of each home on the land. Clustered housing developments, designed to maximize open space, are assumed to benefit plant and wildlife communities of conservation interest. They have become a popular alternative for rural development despite the lack of empirical evidence demonstrating their conservation benefits. To better inform rural land-use planning, we evaluated clustered housing developments by comparing their spatial pattern with that of dispersed housing developments and by comparing their conservation value with that of both dispersed housing developments and undeveloped areas in Boulder County, Colorado. We used four indicators to assess conservation value: (1) densities of songbirds, (2) nest density and survival of ground-nesting birds, (3) presence of mammals, and (4) percent cover and proportion of native and non-native plant species. Clustered and dispersed housing developments did not differ on the majority of variables we examined. Both types of housing development had significantly higher densities of non-native and human-commensal species and significantly lower densities of native and human-sensitive species than undeveloped areas. More rigorous ecological guidelines and planning on a regional scale may help create clustered developments with higher conservation value.     

房地产开发项目生态环境保护措施

针对房地产开发项目的生态环境影响的特点,分析了制定房地产开发项目生态环境保护措施的原则、途径和方法,并以天津市某房地产开发项目为实例,从施工期和使用期的角度,提出了生态环境保护的措施和对策建议。     

Road development, housing growth, and landscape fragmentation in northern Wisconsin: 1937-1999.

Roads remove habitat, alter adjacent areas, and interrupt and redirect ecological flows. They subdivide wildlife populations, foster invasive species spread, change the hydrologic network, and increase human use of adjacent areas. At broad scales, these impacts cumulate and define landscape patterns. The goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the dynamics of road networks over time, and their effects on landscape patterns, and identify significant relationships between road changes and other land-use changes. We mapped roads from aerial photographs from five dates between 1937 and 1999 in 17 townships in predominantly forested landscapes in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. Patch-level landscape metrics were calculated on terrestrial area outside of a 15-m road-effect zone. We used generalized least-squares regression models to relate changes in road density and landscape pattern to concurrent changes in housing density. Rates of change and relationships were compared among three ecological regions. Our results showed substantial increases in both road density and landscape fragmentation during the study period. Road density more than doubled, and median, mean, and largest patch size were reduced by a factor of four, while patch shape became more regular. Increases in road density varied significantly among ecological subsections and were positively related to increases in housing density. Fragmentation was largely driven by increases in road density, but housing density had a significantly positive relationship with largest patch area and patch shape. Without protection of roadless areas, our results suggest road development is likely to continue in the future, even in areas where road construction is constrained by the physical environment. Recognizing the dynamic nature of road networks is important for understanding and predicting their ecological impacts over time and understanding where other types of development are likely to occur in the future. Historical perspectives of development can provide guidance in prioritizing management efforts to defragment landscapes and mitigate the ecological impacts of past road development.     

山-水-林-田-湖-草-海-城修复模式的实践应用 ——威海华夏城采石场生态修复及其效益评价

山-水-林-田-湖-草系统保护与修复强调生态系统整体性、系统性和稳定性,生态系统的健康稳定有利于生态系统服务功能的全面优化提升,对确保生态环境安全和社会经济健康协调发展至关重要.山东威海华夏城受大规模开山采石活动影响,区域生态环境遭到破坏,居民生产生活受到严重干扰,经过10余年生态修复,华夏城实现了生态效益与社会经济效...     

生态住宅小区雨水利用与水景观系统案例分析

以某住宅小区为例，进行雨水利用和水景观系统的方案设计，根据水量平衡计算，充分利用小区汇集的雨水作为绿化和景观用水；并充分考虑雨水径流的污染和小区水体的水质，合理地设计雨水的截污、净化和景观湖的水循环与水质保障措施。强调系统和生态学的观点。