世界淡水资源供求形势依然严峻

联合国今年 3日的一份水资源报告说 ,过去 2 5年 ,历次国际会议一再强调适当的水资源管理是人类赖以生存的核心问题 ,但始终难以得出有效的解决办法。全世界淡水资源供应形势依然十分严峻。192 0年至 1990年 ,全球人均水供应量减少了 1/3 ,今后 2 0年 ,有可能再减少 1/3 ,除非有关国家政府领导人采取积极措施。报告称 ,亚洲只占淡水资源的 3 6% ,欧洲 8% ,非洲 11% ,北非和中东水资源特别短缺。而南美情况较好 ,分享水资源 2 6% ,但人口为世界总人数的 6% ,加拿大和俄罗斯水资源较丰富。多数国家水资源的 2 /3以上用于农业 ,据瑞士联邦环境…     

淮河流域河南段退化河流生态系统修复模式

针对淮河流域河南段部分河流出现的水资源过度开发利用、水质恶化和生物多样性下降等生态退化问题,根据淮河流域河南段主要河流退化特点,以改善淮河流域河南段退化现状为目标,在河流生态修复技术研究和工程实践的基础上,按照修复技术的功能,筛选出水量调整、水质净化和生物多样性提高等3类共13种适合淮河流域河南段河流生态系统修复技术。为使流域水生态修复更具针对性,根据流域内主要河流断流频率和洪/枯比计算,将流域内的河流分为常年有水型和间歇性断流型,然后以修复模式为修复范式研究的基本单元,分别针对流域内常年有水型河流生态系统的退化特点构建了3种修复模式,针对流域内间歇性断流型河流生态系统的退化特点构建了5种修复模式,以期为流域内退化河流生态系统的修复提供指导。     

地下水及水源水有机污染物分析评价

当前世界面临人口、资源、环境三大问题.水资源的保护是直接与资源、环境有关,间接与人口有关,这一问题已成为举世瞩目重要问题之一。在有些国家和地区水资源不足,水质污染已成为制约经济发展的因素。 饮用水的水源有地表水。(河流、湖泊)     

污染防治微生物制剂在城市河流污染控制中的应用及其生物安全

简要论述了污染防治微生物制剂的概念和在城市河流污染控制中的应用,并介绍了国外对微生物制剂的风险评估和对污染防治微生物制剂的管理方式,提出了国内应优先开发本土的天然的污染防治微生物制剂的建议,尽快发展中国环境微生物技术.     

水资源管理中公平性问题探讨

水资源是社会可持续发展的重要支撑,水资源问题成为当前我国经济发展的主要制约因素之一。针对我国水资源管理中存在的一些不公平现象进行了分析和探讨,并在此基础上提出了对策。旨在协调各方面间存在的矛盾,促进水资源的合理开发和利用。     

简讯

第三次国际河流流域管理会议将在英国召开国际水污染研究协会(IAWPR)第三次河流流域管理会将于1983年7月4日至7日在英国约克郡召开.第一次会议是1977年在西德埃森举行的,会议讨论了有关河流流域管理的一般性问题.第二次会议是1980年在美国辛辛那提市召开,讨论了用经济手段减少水污染、河流管理模式化以及由城市径流引起的污染等问题.第三次会议的议题将有五项:国际性河流流域问题、     

水资源的持续开发和利用

随着人品的增长和经济的发展,越来越多的国家正面临着严重的水危机、水质的恶化和水生态系统的破坏使许多国家的淡水供应出现危机,所以水资源必须得到保护和合理的开发。本文探讨了全球水资源的短缺及其原因,并提出了解决水资源短缺的途径。     

城市河流水质常规评价技术研究

运用综合水质标识指数法,对我国河流水质评价面临的关键技术问题,包括水质评价方法、水质评价项目,水质级别评价,水环境功能区达标评价、水质定性评价、河流及水系整体水质比较、水质随时间和空间变化等作了明确界定,并介绍了在上海河流水质评价中的应用。     

世界水资源保护概况

概述了世界水资源趋势及水资源缺乏、污染加重等现状；介绍了国外加强水资源保护的措施。     

北方季节性河流保障环境流量研究

针对北方季节性河流环境流量短缺和污染并存的现状,从二元水循环的角度,提出一种建立在河流或河段的水量水质平衡基础上的环境流量分析方法;以典型重污染河流——贾鲁河为例,基于河流径流和水质特征,以满足水质目标要求为前提,提出保障环境流量的对策建议。结果表明:为改善河流近期水质,在提标治理和进一步严格监管的同时,基于2013、2014年数据,需新增环境流量分别为1.55m~3/s(折合0.49亿m~3/a)和8.10m~3/s(折合2.55亿m~3/a),其经济总成本分别为4.90亿、5.52亿元,占郑州市生产总值的0.08%,可依托现状引水工程进行保障环境流量水资源的调配,经济及水源途径可行。     

Terrestrial water cycle and the impact of climate change

The terrestrial water cycle and the impact of climate change are critical for agricultural and natural ecosystems. In this paper, we assess both by running a macro-scale water balance model under a baseline condition and 2 General Circulation Model (GCM)-based climate change scenarios. The results show that in 2021-2030, water demand will increase worldwide due to climate change. Water shortage is expected to worsen in western Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, northern and southern Africa, northeastern Australia, southwestern North America, and central South America. A significant increase in surface runoff is expected in southern Asia and a significant decrease is expected in northern South America. These changes will have implications for regional environment and socioeconomics.     

Trends in groundwater research development in the South and Southeast Asian Countries: a 50-year bibliometric analysis (1970–2020)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater plays a pivotal role in sustaining the water needs of the population of South and Southeast Asia. However, long-term overexploitation and...     

Does regional energy consumption disparities assist to control environmental degradation in OBOR: an entropy approach

China launched the One Belt & One Road (OBOR) initiative to minimize the energy resource shortage. The China’s nearby countries are rich in energy resources especially Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Asian countries which make them ideal locations to cooperate with China in terms of energy resources, as 42.8% of world energy consumption belongs to OBOR countries. The present study elaborates the spatial distribution pattern of energy consumption disparities and its impact on environment. To do this, an entropy approach is utilized to compute the energy consumption inequalities in OBOR and its regions. The spatial and Pareto analysis show that MENA, East, and Southeast Asian economies have the highest degree of energy consumption inequalities, while European and Central Asian economies show the lowest energy consumption inequalities in OBOR region. The long-run estimates indicate that energy consumption inequalities enhance the CO₂ emission in OBOR and its region except South and Southeast Asia. Financial development also has a significantly positive impact on CO₂ emission in all models for OBOR and its regions except East Asia. Based on findings, the spatial distribution analysis is applicable to maintain balance in regional energy consumption inequality within OBOR and its regions.

     

Assessment of historical land-use changes for purposes of strategic planning--a case study in Laos

How can governments in developing countries act together with local people to promote sustainable forest land use? Based upon an initial review of man's use of natural resources in Southeast Asia over 100 years, an interdisciplinary approach to strategic planning based on interaction among stakeholders is outlined. A case study in a water catchment area in Laos, dominated by shifting cultivation, is used to test and illustrate the approach, which includes interviews with local people about historical events and socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The study also includes field point sampling, remote sensing, official records and a simulation tool (the Area Production Model), for verification, calibration and supplementation of the information provided by villagers. By presenting the consolidated data to the villagers and giving them opportunities to consider their landuse and explain discrepancies, and comment on the conclusions, a dialogue on land-use strategies was initiated.     

Climatic mapping to identify high-risk areas for Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum leaf blight on eucalypts in mainland South East Asia and around the world

Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum is a pathogen on a wide range of hosts. It affects at least 20 species of eucalypts and is an important causal agent of leaf blight of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in central and southern Vietnam. Results from previous studies and observations of broadscale infection patterns in mainland South East Asia were used to derive simple rules (i.e. mean minimum temperature of coldest month > or =16 degrees C and mean annual precipitation > or =1400 mm) to identify locations which are likely to have a high risk of C. quinqueseptatum leaf blight (CqLB). Climatic mapping programs, which include interpolated climatic data estimated for numerous locations, were used to map these high risk areas in Africa, Australia and Latin America as well as in South East Asia. The predicted high-risk areas included several regions where CqLB has already been reported and the maps generated suggested other areas which may be at risk under present climatic conditions given the presence of C. quinqueseptatum and susceptible hosts. Some simple climate change scenarios were also used to suggest areas in mainland South East Asia which may become vulnerable to CqLB over the next 50 years. It is concluded that climatic mapping programs can assist the broadscale evaluation of risk of CqLB infections, although it is recognised that more detailed models and survey information are also needed.     

Water pollution and degradation in Pearl River Delta,South China

The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is the most dynamic economic area in South China. One of the major problems in the region is the sustainable utilization of the water resources. On the basis of analysis of the water environment status and pollution sources, it is suggested that domestic sewage is the primary cause of pollution. Two new concepts "degradation coefficient" and "degradation volume" of water resources, due to pollution, which may be used to assess macroscopically the carrying capacity of the water resources and sustainability of the water environment, are proposed by the authors. The results calculated indicate that the volumes of degraded water resources will be up to 204, 352, and 537 million m3 in 2002, 2010, and 2020. It is suggested that water for daily consumption and domestic sewage must be controlled more effectively and there should be cross-regional coordination in tackling problems of water environment.     

Habitat change and biodiversity loss in South and Southeast Asian countries

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - South and Southeast Asia is by far the most populous region in Asia, with the greatest number of threatened species. Changes in habitat are a major...     

Impact of anthropogenic activities on urban stream water quality: a case study in Guangzhou,China

Anthropogenic activities are increasingly impacting the quality of urban surface water, particularly in regions undergoing intensive urbanization, such as Guangzhou of South China with a large urban stream network. To examine such impacts, we conducted field sampling on December 24, 2010, May 24, 2011, and August 28, 2011, representative of the low-, normal-, and high-flow periods, respectively. The first sampling was timed immediately after the closing of the 16th Asian Games (November 12–27, 2010) and the 10th Asian Para Games (December 12–19, 2010) held in Guangzhou. Assessments based on a pollution index method showed that the urban streams under investigation were extremely polluted, with direct discharge of untreated domestic sewage identified as the main pollution contributor. In addition, stream water quality around urban villages with high population densities was worse than that within business districts away from the urban villages. Pollution control measures implemented in preparation for the Asian Games were effective for urban streams within the business districts, but less effective for those adjacent to the urban villages. However, short-term efforts may not be able to achieve sustainable urban water quality improvements. In the case of Guangzhou, minimizing or even eliminating direct point-source inputs to the urban streams is perhaps the best option.     

Water resources vulnerability assessment in the Adriatic Sea region: the case of Corfu Island

Cross-border water resources management and protection is a complicated task to achieve, lacking a common methodological framework. Especially in the Adriatic region, water used for drinking water supply purposes pass from many different countries, turning its management into a hard task to achieve. During the DRINKADRIA project, a common methodological framework has been developed, for efficient and effective cross-border water supply and resources management, taking into consideration different resources types (surface and groundwater) emphasizing in drinking water supply intake. The common methodology for water resources management is based on four pillars: climate characteristics and climate change, water resources availability, quality, and security. The present paper assesses both present and future vulnerability of water resources in the Adriatic region, with special focus on Corfu Island, Greece. The results showed that climate change is expected to impact negatively on water resources availability while at the same time, water demand is expected to increase. Water quality problems will be intensified especially due to land use changes and salt water intrusion. The analysis identified areas where water resources are more vulnerable, allowing decision makers develop management strategies.     

Trichloroacetic acid in the vegetation of polluted and remote areas of both hemispheres—Part I. Its formation,uptake and geographical distribution

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA; CCl₃COOH) is a phytotoxic chemical. Although TCA salts and derivatives were once deployed as herbicides against perennial grasses and weeds, their use has since been banned because of their indiscriminate herbicidal effects on woody plant species. However, TCA can also be formed in the atmosphere. For instance, high-volatile C₂-chlorohydrocarbons tetrachloroethene (TECE, C₂Cl₄) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE, CCl₃CH₃) can react to TCA and other substances under oxidative conditions here. Owing to further industrialisation of Southeast Asia, South Africa and South America, a rise can be expected in the use of TECE as solvents in the metal and textile industries of these regions in the southern hemisphere (SH). The increasing emissions of this substance—together with the rise in the atmospheric oxidation potential caused by urban activities, slash and burn agriculture and forest fires in the SH—will result in the increased input/formation of TCA in the vegetation located on the lee side of these emission sources. By means of biomonitoring studies, inputs/formation of TCA related to the climatic conditions were detected at various locations in South America, Africa, and Europe.