秦皇岛近海沉积物特征研究

基于对秦皇岛洋河口附近海域海底439件表层沉积物、40件柱状样进行粒度分析,了解洋河口附近海域表层沉积物以及砂层分布情况,确定调查区内西南侧浅表层沉积物主要以细砂、中细砂为主,可作为海滩养护砂源;东北侧以粘土质砂和砂·粉砂·粘土为主,不适合直接用于海滩养护工程。     

旅游海滩质量评价在海滩管理中的应用研究——以南澳岛青澳湾海滩为例

海滩是宝贵的旅游资源，健康的海滩系统在旅游、沿岸防护安全等多方面能提供很多有价值的服务，但当前旅游海滩在生态环境质量、旅游体验等方面尚存在诸多问题。旅游海滩质量评价是对旅游海滩自然属性和开发利用水平的综合评价，能较为客观地反映出旅游海滩环境质量水平，是较为有效的海滩管理工具之一。本研究在现场环境调查和游客问卷调查的基础上，建立旅游海滩质量评价指标体系，开展了广东青澳湾海滩质量评价，并对其影响因素进行分析。结果显示：当前青澳湾海滩开发程度、海滩环境质量尚未达到良好水平。根据评价结果，对青澳湾海滩的可持续发展提出了完善海滩旅游配套设施和配套服务，对海滩进行系统的规划，建立科学的旅游海滩质量评价体系和环境监测、调控体系等建议。     

苯和菲在含水层的典型介质中迁移转化研究

石油烃污染会对人类生存的环境造成严重危害,地下水系统中石油烃污染物的研究已受到国内外的高度重视。本文针对某石油烃污染场地的污染状况及水文地质条件,利用模拟柱实验研究石油烃中常见组分苯和菲在典型含水层中的迁移转化,实验结果表明,苯和菲在4种含水层介质中(粉砂、中砂、粗砂、砾砂)受到的迁移阻滞作用都是随着粒径的减小而增大。菲在4种介质中的迁移速率要小于苯,说明4种介质对菲的阻滞作用要大于苯。通过检测各模拟柱出水中Fe2+、Fe3+、NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度的变化可知,在苯和菲的砾砂模拟柱中,由于水流速度快,试验周期短,模拟柱内各项指标变化较小,生物作用较弱;而在苯和菲的粗砂、中砂和粉砂模拟柱中,NO3--N浓度减少,NH4+-N和Fe3+含量增加,说明微生物开始利用NO3--N和Fe3+降解苯和菲,微生物对苯和菲在粗砂、中砂和粉砂中的迁移转化过程有显著的作用。     

舟山群岛表层沉积物粒度和黏土矿物分布特征与物源指示

通过对舟山群岛表层沉积物样品的粒度分析和黏土矿物含量测定，研究了表层沉积物的粒度分布特征及黏土矿物组成。利用Flemming三角图示法分析了研究区域的沉积动力环境，并探讨了沉积物的物质来源。结果表明，舟山群岛表层沉积物共有5种类型，其中粉砂含量最高，呈片状广泛分布于舟山群岛东部宽阔海域；研究区表层沉积物分选性较差，以正偏为主；沉积物样品在Flemming三角图上投影显示，粉砂沉积物集中在D-Ⅱ,E-Ⅱ,E-Ⅲ区，砂质粉砂等沉积物零星分布在D-Ⅱ,C-Ⅱ及S区，表明研究区沉积物整体粒径较细、岛屿间水动力较强，开阔水域水动力较弱。研究区黏土矿物中伊利石为优势矿物，质量分数均值为61.5%;其次为绿泥石，质量分数均值为15.0%;高岭石和蒙脱石含量较少，质量分数均值分别为12.7%和10.9%。黏土矿物组合类型以伊利石 绿泥石 高岭石 蒙脱石为主，伊利石 绿泥石 蒙脱石 高岭石次之，具有类长江型沉积物特征。舟山群岛表层沉积物以陆源成因为主，物质来源以长江为主、浙江河流入海输沙以及舟山群岛岩石风化产物为补充。     

河北省砂质海岸侵蚀灾害危险性评价

海岸侵蚀是当今全球海岸普遍存在的海洋地质灾害现象,通过实地勘查对河北省砂质海岸侵蚀灾害进行研究,借助历史资料,选取了海岸地貌类型、岸线曲度、侵蚀速率、海滩发育空间、泥沙补给和堤防设施六个评价指标,对河北省砂质海岸侵蚀灾害进行了危险性评价。评价结果表明:高危区岸线长度46.11 km,中危区102.54 km,低危区59.95 km,所占岸线比例依次为22.11%、49.16%及28.73%。     

江苏省海岛旅游资源的开发利用─—以连云港岛域为例

江苏海岛集中分布在北部海洲湾及其附近海域和南部长江口北支海域。北部海域海岛位于东经119”16’～119“55’、北纬34”31’～35’08’,包括东西连岛、秦山岛、平岛、达山岛、车牛山岛、羊山岛、鸽岛等14个基岩岛（统称苏北海岛）,这些岛屿均隶属于连云港市管辖。苏北海岛地质构造复杂,区位条件特殊,从而孕育了丰富的旅游资源。岛域内海岸侵蚀地貌发育,形成了海蚀岸、海蚀穴、海蚀平台、海蚀柱等奇观。形态万千、颜色各异的海岛生物以及神奇的海市蜃楼现象形成了具有强烈的海洋韵味的景观特色。历史遗留下来的许多宝贵文化遗产也吸引…     

无居民海岛前大连岛的原自然海岸特征

确定自然海岸特征是海岸修复中的重要内容,但是在开发后弃管的无居民海岛却面临缺少历史资料参考的困难。在大连普兰店湾中部前大连岛的研究证明,依据历史影像和现存海岸地质地貌情况可以分析确定原自然海岸位置及性质。1972年KH 卫星影像表明当时的前大连岛仍然保持自然海岸形态,海岸位置在2020年海岸后 方的岛屿陆域内部。结合2020年海岸地质考察结果可以进一步确定1972年的前大连岛东部、西部分布海蚀崖形式的基岩海岸,南部、北部则分布砾石质海岸。1972—2020年,前大连岛自然海岸全部变化为人工海岸,海岸长度也从约2.38 km 增加至约3.12 km。     

株洲市清水塘工业区地表水底泥重金属污染评价

对株洲市清水塘工业区地表水底泥重金属含量进行了检测,并采用地积累指数法进行了评价.结果表明,该区底泥受到重金属极强污染,各溪港污染程度为老霞湾港铜塘港>霞湾港,各元素污染程度为CAHgPbAs;霞湾港由于底泥量最大,其重金属含量最大,Cd、Hg、Pb、As分别占总量的69.45%、80.62%、66.46%和86.56%;霞湾港中污水厂～河口段重金属含量最大,CA、Hg、Pb、As分别占该港总量的98.50%、56.06%、18.14%和52.09%.     

受损沙滩生态修复工程后评价研究

工程后评价是针对工程实施后存在的问题对工程项目进行分析论证,提出改善方案和措施,以确保工程实施后的效果。对已完工的北戴河西海滩浴场养滩工程,选取与相关规划一致性、工程组合结构、沙滩物质成分、沙滩宽度、沙滩平均坡度、沙滩损失率、沿岸流强弱、水质8个因子,对工程实施后的效果进行了后评价。近6年的岸滩数据显示滩肩宽度维持在30 m左右,西海滩浴场养滩工程属于人工养滩的成功典范。     

辽河油田兴隆台采油厂

<正>辽河油田兴隆台采油厂从建设初期至今,陆续开发了热河台、黄金带、兴隆台十多个油田,这些油田分布散、地域广、地貌及周边环境复杂,在辽河、双台子、渤海岸滩、赵圈河自然保护区这些环境敏感、要求严格的地区都有该厂的油井,给日常管理增加了相当大的难度,但追求经济效益的同时决不能以牺牲     

Mycological assessment of sediments in Ligurian beaches in the Northwestern Mediterranean: pathogens and opportunistic pathogens

Sediments of five Ligurian beaches in compliance with European Union bathing water regulations were studied based on the characteristics of the fungal assemblage during the tourism season. Among the 179 taxa of filamentous fungi isolated, 120 were opportunistic pathogens, such as Acremonium sp., and the genus Penicillium was also present as the pathogenic species P. citrinum. Furthermore, 5% of the total filamentous fungi belonged to the dermatophyte genus Microsporum, whose species can cause mycoses. Beach sediments showed elevated densities of opportunistic pathogens, of pathogenic filamentous fungi, and of yeasts during the tourism season. Although monitoring of beach sediments for microbiological contamination is not mandatory, and disease transmission from sediments has not yet been demonstrated, our study suggests that beach sediments may act as a reservoir of potential pathogens, including fungi. In addition, the mycoflora displayed high sensitivity to critical environmental situations in the beaches studied. Therefore, the fungal community can be a useful tool for assessing the quality of sandy beaches in terms of sanitary and environmental quality.     

Survival potential of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in subtropical beach sand: implications for water quality managers

Fecal bacteria have traditionally been used as indicator organisms to monitor the quality of recreational waters. Recent work has questioned the robustness of traditional indicators, particularly at seawater bathing beaches. For example, a study of Florida beaches found unexpectedly high abundances of Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, and enterococci in beach sand. The aim of the present study was to explain these abundances by assessing the survival of E. coli and enterococci in beach sand relative to seawater. We used a combination of quantitative laboratory mesocosm experiments and field observations. Results suggested that E. coli and enterococci exhibited increased survivability and growth in sand relative to seawater. Because fecal bacteria are capable of replicating in sand, at least under controlled laboratory conditions, the results suggest that sand may be an important reservoir of metabolically active fecal organisms. Experiments with "natural" mesocosms (i.e., unsterilized sand or water rich in micropredators and native bacteria) failed to show the same increases in fecal indicators as was found in sterile sand. It is postulated that this was due to predation and competition with indigenous bacteria in these "natural" systems. Nonetheless, high populations of indicators were maintained and recovered from sand over the duration of the experiment as opposed to the die-off noted in water. Indicator bacteria may wash out of sand into shoreline waters during weather and tidal events, thereby decreasing the effectiveness of these indicators as predictors of health risk and complicating the interpretations for water quality managers.     

A GIS Approach to Model Sediment Reduction Susceptibility of Mixed Sand and Gravel Beaches

The morphological form of mixed sand and gravel beaches is distinct, and the process/response system and complex dynamics of these beaches are not well understood. Process response models developed for pure sand or gravel beaches cannot be directly applied to these beaches. The Canterbury Bight coastline is apparently abundantly supplied with sediments from large rivers and coastal alluvial cliffs, but a large part of this coastline is experiencing long-term erosion. Sediment budget models provide little evidence to suggest sediments are stored within this system. Current sediment budget models inadequately quantify and account for the processes responsible for the patterns of erosion and accretion of this coastline. We outline a new method to extrapolate from laboratory experiments to the field using a geographical information system approach to model sediment reduction susceptibility for the Canterbury Bight. Sediment samples from ten representative sites were tumbled in a concrete mixer for an equivalent distance of 40 km. From the textural mixture and weight loss over 40 km tumbling, we applied regression techniques to generate a predictive equation for Sediment Reduction Susceptibility (SRS). We used Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) to extrapolate the results from fifty-five sites with data on textural sediment composition to field locations with no data along the Canterbury Bight, creating a continuous sediment reductions susceptibility surface. Isolines of regular SRS intervals were then derived from the continuous surface to create a contour map of sediment reductions susceptibility for the Canterbury Bight. Results highlighted the variability in SRS along this coastline.     

Evaluation of beach quality as perceived by users

Recreational beaches are strategic ecosystems for tourism and should be used in a sustainable manner. We studied three beaches in the municipality of Guaymas (NW Mexico), in order to assess their beach quality and identify key management issues. The evaluation was based on the perceptions of users concerning: (1) the user profile; (2) the recreational habits of users; and (3) the biophysical characteristics, infrastructure, services, and cleanliness of each beach. The results showed that the beaches were of different quality. The key management issues identified were the need to design and apply specific management programs for each beach, specifically in regards to improving infrastructure and services, and obtaining certification as a sustainable beach. The evaluation of the beaches as perceived by users suggests that it would be useful to assess beach quality in order to support management goals and be applicable to other beaches, both nationally and internationally.     

Recreational waters and Health-swimming against the tide

This paper addresses the complex issue of recreational exposure to sewage contaminated waters. The types of hazard encountered are discussed and contextualised. Microbial measures of sewage contamination prove to be extremely unreliable. The links between microbial indicators and water quality and between water quality and demonstrable health effects are variable at best. The outcomes of epidemiological studies agree in general terms-exposed populations exhibit more symptoms-but rarely agree in specifics, such as threshold levels for particular indicator organisms. The drive to improve Europe's bathing beaches initiated by the European Union in its bathing water directive has been a temendous force for change. However, the investment of huge sums of money based on compliance with flawed microbiological standards is entirely inappropriate. Instead a holistic approach based on the assessment of all factors likely to promote risk to recreators is proposed. Such a beach registration scheme would remove the necessity to comply with fundamentally flawed and meaningless numerical standards.     

Waterfowl abundance does not predict the dominant avian source of beach Escherichia coli

The horizontal, fluorophore enhanced, rep-PCR (HFERP) DNA fingerprinting technique was used to identify potential sources of in water, nearshore sand, and sediment at two beaches in the Duluth-Superior Harbor, near Duluth, MN, and Superior, WI, during May, July, and September 2006. An animal or environmental source could be identified for 35, 29, and 30% of strains in water, sand, and sediments, respectively. Waterfowl, including Canada geese, ring-billed gulls, and mallard ducks, were the largest source of that could be identified in water (55-100%), sand (59-100%), and sediment (92-100%) at both beaches. Although ring-billed gulls were more abundant in this harbor, Canada geese were usually the dominant source of waterfowl found at these beaches. The percentage of identified from treated wastewater was always less than the percentage of originating from waterfowl. At both beaches, the percentage of in water contributed by treated wastewater was higher in May compared with July and September. The larger proportion of wastewater-derived seen in May probably reflected a smaller contribution of from geese when these birds were less abundant rather than an absolute increase in from treated wastewater. Microbial source analysis and bird census data both indicated that waterfowl were a major source of at beaches in the Duluth-Superior Harbor. These data also indicated it is risky to assume that the most abundant waterfowl species present in waterways will also be the largest source of avian-derived in water, nearshore sand, and sediments at beaches.     

CHANNEL CHANGES DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM1

ABSTRACT: A flood-control dam was completed during 1979 on Bear Creek, a small tributary stream to the South Platte River in the Denver, Colorado, area. Before and after dam closure, repetitive surveys between 1977 and 1992 at five cross sections downstream of the dam documented changes in channel morphology. During this 15-year period, channel width increased slightly, but channel depth increased by more than 40 percent. Within the study reach, stream gradient decreased and median bed material sizes coarsened from sand in the pools and fine gravel on the rime to a median coarse gravel throughout the reach. The most striking visual change was from a sparse growth of streamside grasses to a dense growth of riparian woody vegetation.     

Valuing algal bloom in the Black Sea Coast of Bulgaria: A choice experiments approach

Increased interest in water quality in coastal and marine areas stemming from the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive has led to important questions in relation to policies that address nutrient loadings. This paper presents the results from a choice experiment study to assess the recreational damage associated with algal blooms caused by nutrients flows into Varna Bay, Bulgaria. Varna Bay is an important beach destination on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. Algal bloom events have been experienced frequently in the area. A choice experiment questionnaire was developed and applied in the Varna Bay area to assess the extent to which the quantity of algal blooms and the duration of the bloom affect recreational activities. The amount of bloom was found to be important, as respondents were on average willing to pay a one off tax of 18.97 Leva (€9.73) for a program that provides beaches free from algal blooms.     

Threats to beach resources and park boundaries caused by shoreline migration in an urban estuarine park

An evaluation of coastal processes, shoreline erosion, and shore management options for Conference House Park, New York, USA, reveals the problems associated with lack of congruence between jurisdictional boundaries and boundaries required for maintenance of beaches and shorefront park land. Rates of shoreline change are high despite low wave energies because bay beaches contain small amounts of sand. The park is so narrow in places that the shoreline will soon move out of park boundaries. This condition will eliminate natural beach resources, restrict access, and create political and administrative problems. Management strategies include revetment construction, beach nourishment, and acquisition of additional land. Obtaining the maximum length of shorefront to create a park may be less cost effective in maintaining natural beach resources than obtaining a shorter frontage and more compact shape that allows for shoreline movement. The problems of managing eroding shorelines in urban estuaries are acute because space is lacking, the cost of land is high, and the critical nature of shoreline erosion is disguised by low wave energies and lack of daily beach change.