强化有机碳源驱动地下水中的NO3^-污染净化研究

地下水中的氮污染现象较普遍而难治理.采用富集培养基优化制备了高效脱氮菌剂.室内模拟试验表明,按5%(体积分数)加入高效脱氮菌剂和0.010%(质量分数)配入量比加入乙醇时,NO-3净化效果最好.在此基础上,对河北石家庄北部平原一地下水NO-3污染区做了野外现场原位净化试验.试验结果表明,NO-3的最大净化去除率和单位体积乙醇净化去除的NO-3总量分别为97.4%～98.8%和3.5×105 mg/L.同时,净化试验不会引起地下水有机物和细菌的二次污染.因地下水渗流缓慢,存在营养物利用率偏低的问题.但采用人工抽水与注水循环,伴随注水按与循环水量一定比例连续均匀投入所需营养物,以及按一定时间间隔投入脱氮菌剂,将有效提高营养物的利用率,取得更好的NO-3净化效果.     

基于不同净化原理的室内环境空气甲醛净化研究

为了解基于不同净化原理的室内环境空气甲醛净化方法的净化性能以及协同净化的效果，选取常用的净化原理代表性产品(活性炭、光触媒净化产品、生物酶甲醛清除液)作为研究对象，基于环境舱进行了甲醛净化性能测试。结果表明：(1)活性炭的原料特性影响其甲醛净化能力，净化效果表现为椰壳活性炭>果壳活性炭>竹木活性炭；日常所用光源的不同对光触媒净化产品的甲醛净化效果影响不大；生物酶甲醛清除液的净化效果取决于其稀释比例。(2)3种净化方法中基于物理吸附法的活性炭的甲醛净化性能最优，基于光催化氧化法的光触媒净化产品次之，之后是基于生物酶降解法的生物酶甲醛清除液。(3)净化产品的联用均提高了甲醛去除率，但提高程度有限。活性炭分别与光触媒、生物酶联用时表现出比光触媒与生物酶联用更高的甲醛去除率。研究结果对设计和开发具有高效甲醛净化能力的新型复合材料具有一定参考价值。     

基于等离子体反应器的室内空气净化装置研究

在对比若干室内空气净化方法之后，介绍了等离子体空气净化的能力、机理以及光催化反应，对基于等离子体反应器的室内空气净化典型装置进行系统分析。对等离子体空气净化技术的研究进行了展望，指出存在的问题和发展的方向。     

纳米催化技术用于空气净化

纳米催化剂作为新一代高效环保催化剂，在大气污染治理，尤其是在室内空气净化中有着广阔的应用前景。评述了纳米催化技术在光催化空气净化、汽车尾气净化、化石燃料脱硫和降低温室效应等空气净化领域的研究进展，并对应用纳米催化技术净化空气的关键科学问题进行了分析和展望。     

饮食业油烟净化技术综合评价

本文首先通过专家调查的方法建立了饮食业油烟净化技术综合评价指标体系，并确定相应的权数，然后采用模糊决策分析方法对现有净化技术进行了分析评价，结果表明，复合式和静电式技术是现有各种技术中最好的。     

汽车排气催化净化用金属载体的生产工艺与设备

针对目前我国汽车排气净化催化剂用金属载体的生产现状和发展趋势进行了研究，简述了国内外汽车排气净化用金属载体的生产概况，对金属载体的工艺性能要求与陶瓷载体进行了比较；对金属载体的生产工艺与设备参数以及金属蜂窝载体的产品技术条件进行了分析和介绍。     

我国汽车排气污染净化研究

本文在调研１９８３年来我国有关汽车排气净化研究的文献基础上，综述了机内净化，机外净化和燃料处理三方面的研究水平与成果，着重探讨了汽车尾气催化净化技术和催化剂的研究。结合我国目前汽车工业和城市机动车污染现状，借鉴国外机动车污染控制的发展道路，提出了我国机动车污染控制技术的发展方向，并对进一步开展汽车排气净化研究提出了建议。     

汽车尾气净化催化剂的研究进展

催化净化是解决汽车尾气污染的最有效途径之一，因此综述了汽车尾气净化催化剂及其载体的研究进展，并提出了汽车尾气净化催化剂的发展方向。     

电子束深度氧化烟气净化技术

介绍电子束烟气净化技术的特点，对传统电子束法与深度氧化法的反应原理、工艺流程进行了比较及分析，实验结果表明，电子束深度氧化烟气净化技术能耗低、可靠性高，是一种具有广阔工业应用前景的环保新技术。     

二沉池出水的电化学消毒试验研究

对德国威斯巴登城市污水处理厂和上海石化股份公司水质净化厂二沉池出水分别进行了电化学消毒试验。试验结果表明，用电化学方法对威斯巴登城市污水处理厂和上海石化股份公司水质净化厂二沉池出水进行消毒是可行的，消毒效果好，耗电少，杀菌率随电流、处理时间的增加而提高。     

污水源热泵机组性能的研究

利用热泵系统回收城市污水中的热能,既开发了一种清洁能源,同时又降低了城市废热的排放,保护了环境.通过对以水源热泵为中心设备的污水热能回收与利用实验装置冬季供暖工况的实验研究,考察了热泵机组在以污水(模拟)为热源时的工作性能,测得热泵机组性能系数为2.61.     

污水源热泵机组性能的研究

利用热泵系统回收城市污水中的热能，既开发了一种清洁能源，同时又降低了城市废热的排放，保护了环境。通过对以水源热泵为中心设备的污水热能回收与利用实验装置冬季供暖工况的实验研究，考察了热泵机组在以污水（模拟）为热源时的工作性能，测得热泵机组性能系数为2．61。     

一种废气吸收新装置的传质试验

介绍了一种废气吸收装置的传质试验,该装置利用射流泵进行吸气和液气混合。在分析了喷射形式下传质吸收研究的资料后,对该装置进行了模拟废气吸收试验,结合泵的性能研究装置的传质吸收特性,对不同面积比射流泵的传质情况进行了分析。     

A Tethered Balloon Air Sampling System for Determining the Vertical Distribution of Atmospheric Tracers

Abstract

A lightweight, constant–flow air sampling pump has been adapted for attaching to a balloon tether line for the vertical sampling of atmospheric perfluorocarbon tracers. Constant flow was maintained up to an altitude of 6,250 m. The pump design, construction, and sampling technique are described. Typical vertical concentration results obtained during a perfluorocarbon tracer release experiment are presented.     

Improvement of Baltic proper water quality using large-scale ecological engineering

Eutrophication of the Baltic proper has led to impaired water quality, demonstrated by, e.g., extensive blooming of cyanobacteria during the premium summer holiday season and severe oxygen deficit in the deepwater. Sustainable improvements in water quality by the reduction of phosphorus (P) supplies will take several decades before giving full effects because of large P storages both in soils in the watershed and in the water column and bottom sediments of the Baltic proper. In this article it is shown that drastically improved water quality may be obtained within a few years using large-scale ecological engineering methods. Natural variations in the Baltic proper during the last decades have demonstrated how rapid improvements may be achieved. The present article describes the basic dynamics of P, organic matter, and oxygen in the Baltic proper. It also briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different classes of methods of ecological engineering aimed at restoring the Baltic proper from eutrophication effects. Preliminary computations show that the P content might be halved within a few years if about 100 kg O2 s(-1) are supplied to the upper deepwater. This would require 100 pump stations, each transporting about 100 m3 s(-1) of oxygen-rich so-called winter water from about 50 to 125 m depth where the water is released as a buoyant jet. Each pump station needs a power supply of 0.6 MW. Offshore wind power technology seems mature enough to provide the power needed by the pump stations. The cost to install 100 wind-powered pump stations, each with 0.6 MW power, at about 125-m depth is about 200 million Euros.     

板框压滤机内酒精污泥过滤脱水特性

采用螺杆泵输送和板框过滤机压滤的方法对酒精污泥进行机械脱水,研究了絮凝剂(聚丙烯酰胺PAM)添加量、污泥的进口湿含量、螺杆泵转速、过滤介质和过滤时间对污泥过滤特性的影响,并对滤饼吹气压榨进一步脱水。实验表明,在PAM添加量wPAM=3 kg/(t干污泥),污泥的进口湿含量x0=95%,螺杆泵转速n=180 r/min,过滤时间t=2.5 h并进行吹气压榨可将污泥的湿含量降至69.91%。     

等离子体与光催化复合技术净化污水处理泵站臭气

用一种等离子体-光催化复合技术净化污水处理泵站臭气，研究表明该复合技术具有较显著的协同促进效应，通过改变等离子体发生单元与光催化单元的距离以及在两者之间放置去静电网，可消除等离子体单元产生的负电荷对光催化单元的不利影响，进一步提高其复合效应。同时还对这一复合技术产生协同效应的机理进行了分析，并在污水处理泵站实地考查了这种复合技术对臭气的净化效果。该技术对臭气中NH3的降解率可达46．1％，对H2S的降解率可达67．3％。     

等离子体与光催化复合技术净化污水处理泵站臭气

用一种等离子体-光催化复合技术净化污水处理泵站臭气,研究表明该复合技术具有较显著的协同促进效应,通过改变等离子体发生单元与光催化单元的距离以及在两者之间放置去静电网,可消除等离子体单元产生的负电荷对光催化单元的不利影响,进一步提高其复合效应.同时还对这一复合技术产生协同效应的机理进行了分析,并在污水处理泵站实地考查了这种复合技术对臭气的净化效果.该技术对臭气中NH3的降解率可达46.1%,对H2S的降解率可达67.3%.     

Analysis of Ambient Concentrations of Organic Vapors with a Passive Sampler

Volatile organic compounds can contribute to the failure of electronic equipment in both switching offices and data centers. They can also be useful indicators of ventilation needs. Only within the past decade have ambient concentrations of volatile organics been measured routinely. In standard sampling approach, a pump is used to pull a known volume of air through an adsorbent. This study examines a sampling procedure that does not use a pump, but instead depends on molecular diffusion for eventual contact between the vapor phase compounds and the charcoal sorbent (passive sampling). The technique is both simpler and less expensive than active sampling with a pump. This method has been validated for low-level sampling over extended time intervals. This study demonstrates that collected amounts vary linearly with airborne concentrations for sampling intervals in excess of four weeks: even after eight weeks of sampling at typical ambient concentrations, the amount of material collected does not approach the capacity of the sorbent. The method is applicable for concentrations spanning six orders of magnitude; reproducibility averages 13 percent of the mean value; and the sensitivity is excellent (0.06 μg/m³ or roughly 0.015 ppbv for a compound with a molecular weight of 100). The procedure has already been used successfully to monitor indoor air quality at almost a dozen telephone office and data center sites.     

Reduction of fecal indicator bacteria in sewage effluent when pumping for crop irrigation.

When sewage effluent was pumped from a lagoon for spray irrigation the pumping process reduced the fecal coliforms (FC) by 66% and the fecal streptococci (FS) by 91%. Bactericidal effects associated with the pumping of effluent were investigated in the laboratory by seeding sterilized effluent with fecal bacteria and repeatedly passing the liquid through a centrifugal impeller type pump at 50 psi pressure. The pumping effect was cumulative, 49 and 90% of FC being killed after two and four passages through the pump, respectively. FC were more susceptible than FS to injury by pressure shock. Very weak chlorination of the effluent increased the destruction of FC but not FS during subsequent pumping. Within the range of experimental conditions used, the percentage of FC killed by pumping was not markedly affected by changes in temperature and pH of the effluent or by differences in the number and age of cells added.