塔里木河干流流域地下水氟的分布特征及形成高氟地下水的环境因素

调查研究了塔里木河干流流域地下水中氟的含量水平及分布特征．揭示了地下水中氟与水化学性质之间的相互关系。探讨其形成高氟地下水的环境因素，并提出改水防病措施．     

乌鲁木齐地下水氮的分布及成因研究

对乌鲁木齐市地下水进行了分区取样,对氮的分布形式及特征进行了分析研究,通过统计计算及分析,对成因进行了推断,得出初步结论：人口密集区氮的含量与大气污染及人的活动有关。     

安徽淮北平原浅层水中氟的调查分析及建议对策

以安徽淮北平原浅层水中与人体健康密切相关的氟元素为研究对象,通过现场调查、采样、测试、分析,得出研究区浅层水中的氟含量在平面分布上,具有由中部向西北部渐高,向东南部渐低的变化特征;在垂向分布上,总体看随深度呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,以26~30 m范围均值点为临界点,其均值为2.19 mg/L。根据水样中氟含量的高低,将采样区划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个等级高氟水区和非超标区。探讨了浅层水中氟的影响因子,认为高氟水主要是由自然条件形成。针对采样区浅层高氟水改水现状和存在问题,提出具体建议对策。     

东营市地下水碘化物的空间分布特征及影响分析

为研究东营市地下水碘化物的空间分布特征以及对环境和饮用水安全的影响,对域内的山前平原区和黄泛平原区分别布设了48个和47个调查点位。结果表明:东营市地下水碘化物质量浓度均值达到(0.247±0.263) mg/L,其环境质量呈现由南向北逐步恶化的变化趋势,超过90%的国土面积处于地下水环境质量标准Ⅳ类。山前平原区南部是东营市唯一具备可饮用地下水的区域,域内以适碘地区为主,缺碘地区和高碘地区分别位于区域东南部和第二次海侵古海岸线附近。总体上,可饮用地下水处于中等缺碘水平,海(咸)水入侵已成为影响可饮用地下水适碘地区范围的关键因素,需引起高度关注。地下水所处的环境地质概况、海(咸)水入侵和大气降水是影响碘化物空间分布的重要因素。     

雷州半岛地下水水质空间分布特征及铁、锰、pH超标的水文地球化学成因探析

对广东省雷州半岛2009—2017年地下水环境质量调查项目涉及的102个钻孔的水化学数据进行分析,发现该区域地下水的铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)含量和pH普遍超标,导致当地地下水水质以Ⅳ~Ⅴ类居多,不适宜直接作为生活饮用水。其中,中层含水层的Fe、Mn超标最显著,且二者具有十分一致的水文地球化学行为特征,因此,该层是解析超标机理的关键层位。松散沉积含水层的Fe、Mn、pH超标问题比基岩裂隙溶隙含水层和交互含水层更突出。湛江组和北海组两个相邻松散岩类地层均含有丰富的铁锰质矿物或结核,应加强对这两个地层的地球化学分析,以进一步解析相关指标超标的地球化学机理。最后,就该区域地下水水质超标机制研究与水质管控提出了建议。     

Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water of Karachi City (Pakistan)

The ground and municipal water supply samples of Karachi city were analyzed for their fluoride contents. The fluoride contents in water samples collected from the subsurface and river sources were found below the WHO recommended value for the general health of the people. However, in some industrial areas the groundwater sample showed higher level of fluoride concentration. Continuous monitoring of water resources and cautious fluoridation is suggested to maintain proper status of fluoride concentration in the drinking water.     

Groundwater Quality Assessment of Tehsil Kheragarh, Agra (India) with Special Reference to Fluoride

Fluoride concentration and other parameters in groundwater from 261 villages in Tehsil Kheragarh of District Agra were assessed and attempts were made to observe the relationship between fluoride and other water quality parameters. Of 658 groundwater samples (collected from separate sources) analysed for fluoride, 27% were in the range of 0–1.0 mg/L, 25% in 1.0–1.5 mg/L, 32% in1.5–3.0 mg/L and 16% above 3.0 mg/L. The highest fluoride concentration recorded was 12.80 mg/L. Significant correlation of fluoride with pH, alkalinity, Na, SiO₂ and PO₄ were observed. Factor analysis was also attempted in order to identify the contributing sources.     

Fluoride in groundwater in selected villages in Eritrea (North East Africa)

A study was undertaken to estimate fluoride content in thegroundwater in certain parts of rural Eritrea, North-East Africa,along the River Anseba. Standard procedure was adopted for fluoride detection. Results indicate elevated concentration offluoride in groundwater. The highest concentration was found tobe 3.73 mg L^-1, well above the safety level for consumption.Geological basis for the high concentration of high fluoride hasbeen established; it is presumed to be the pegmatite intrusion hosted by a granitic batholith. Extensive dental fluorosis has been observed in the population exposed to drinking water of highfluoride content.     

Groundwater NO3 and F Contamination Processes in Pushkar Valley, Rajasthan as Reflected from 18O Isotopic Signature and 3H Recharge Studies

Agricultural activity in the Pushkar Valley, Rajasthan is constrained due to limited availability of good quality water. In this context, occurrence of nitrate and fluoride in the groundwater was investigated and reported. Integration of stable isotope (18O) data with recharge characteristics (based on 3H-tracer studies) helps in clearly characterizing the processes controlling contamination by point and non-point sources. High nitrate and fluoride groundwaters are associated with high 18O waters. This indicates that significant quantities of evaporated (isotopically enriched) surface run-off water and rain water infiltrate along with nitrate and fluoride salts in the soil. The applicability of this approach under different hydrometeorological conditions is also confirmed.