城市泻洪排污地下管网部位确定及电测曲线类型特征分析

城市地下管网是城市供水和泻洪及排除工业污水、生活废水的主要通道。随着城市地上建筑的扩展，往往造成原有地下管道的地面标记遣失或原有地下管网纸位置不清。由于城市地面多人工覆盖，降水季节形成超渗产流，集流迅速，使地下管道泻洪不畅，常因泥沙杂物堵塞地下管道，形成城市小区段地面积水严重，造成洪涝区段，对生产和人民生活及城市效能带来很大不便，甚至造成重大经济损失。为寻找地下管道的走向和查明堵塞部位，往往盲目采用大量人工开挖，寻找地下管网，常常事倍功半。科学。准确地勘查地下管网的准确位置、深度和管道类型，对及…     

智能供水调度监控系统在能源计量中的应用

在某地区为了改善原有供水调度系统的工作效率,将原有的供水无线调度系统改进升级为基于网络的远程智能化的调度系统。在系统的建设过程中主要的引用了自控、计算机等多种技术相结合,有效的实现了水厂运行、城市供水管网等在线监测和分析,创建了数据统计分析功能,提高了企业的经济效益。     

试论供热管网系统改造中热平衡技术研究和应用

本文对吐哈油田鄯善生产基地区域供热管网系统现状进行了分析,在充分考虑区域内建筑物供热需求基础之上,将原整体统一的串联管网系统改建成高、中、低三个供热系统分区供暖,利用气候补偿原理对锅炉进行自动化控制,利用蒸汽锅炉和原有汽水板换作为调峰系统和热水锅炉的调峰热源,实现系统带温度补偿的调度集中及供热调节,来解决采暖系统水力失衡和能耗偏高为目的.     

城市供水管网模型参数自动识别方法研究

在分析城市供水管网模型建设和应用问题的基础上,针对管网模型参数识别这一核心问题进行了研究,提出了基于GIS和SCADA的管网模型参数自动识别的流程,分析了管网模型参数自动识别的核心算法,提出了基于RSA方法的灵敏参数自动识别和基于MCS方法进行参数识别的算法和技术路线,并完成了管网模型参数自动识别模块的编程实现.最后选择一个典型城市小区供水管网为案例,进行了管网水力模型参数自动识别的示例研究,并得到满足要求的模型参数.     

椭圆变形管道非开挖修复内衬弹性屈曲性能研究

非开挖内衬技术广泛应用于城市地下管网的修复，对于保护城市环境和保障地下管网结构安全具有重要意义。然而原有管道的椭圆变形缺陷会降低新建内衬管的结构稳定性。将几种不同的椭圆变形管道内衬临界屈曲压力计算数学模型进行了对比，分析了现有规范中计算方法的不足，并基于最小势能原理和非线性理论，通过椭圆局部曲率方程推导出内衬的结构势能，建立起原有管道椭圆变形后柔性内衬管在外部静水压力作用下屈曲压力计算的数学模型；通过理论模型计算结果与有限元数值模拟结果进行对比，发现两者计算得到的内衬临界屈曲压力的计算误差基本上在10%以内；分析了不同椭圆度和内衬尺寸比(DR)值对内衬临界屈曲压力的影响规律，并通过与其他计算模型进行对比，验证了本文提出的计算模型在不同DR值内衬设计时的优势。     

城镇污水处理对平舟河水质的保护作用

通过贵州平塘县在城镇污水处理项目建成并投入运行前后平舟河水质变化的对比分析,结果表明,城镇污水处理工程项目,尤其是配套的城区污水管网完善工程的建设和运行,对平舟河水质保护作用很大,河水水质在原有基础上得到了进一步的优化。     

基于光纤传感与视频AI技术融合的供水管网无人化巡检应用

城市地下管廊、输水管线沿途地质情况复杂，而传统人工巡检模式对地下供水管网的巡检效率较低，无法实时排查管廊变形、管道泄露等异常事件。通过分析分布式光纤传感技术与视频AI(Artificial Intelligence)技术在杭州某地下管网无人巡检实例，阐述该技术的场景架构及建设成效，对管网巡检的智慧化发展具有一定参考意义。     

日本东京供水管网的漏损预防管理

供水管网的漏损控制管理是城市水资源管理以及节水管理中的重要环节,东京作为国际上管网漏损控制最优秀的城市之一,漏损率从1955年战后恢复时期的20％控制到2007年的3．3％。多年来,东京在漏损控制技术和管理方面积累了丰富的优秀经验,并且建立了完善的供水管网漏损预防管理体系,指出为了保证有效的漏损控制和预防,必须做到以下四个方面,即准确掌握管网属性信息、重视管网的维护和更新、不断发展漏损控制与预防技术及重视人力资源管理及人才培养。东京成功的漏损控制经验可以从管理体制、管理手段、技术研发、人才培养等方面对中国的供水管网漏损管理及节水管理提供有益的借鉴经验。     

给水管网生物膜反应器及分子生物学研究方法进展

饮用水在经管道输送到用户的过程中,微生物附着到管网内壁生长形成生物膜。生物膜的存在会引起一系列水质问题如病原菌的生长、色度和浊度的变化、管道的腐蚀等,对人类饮用水安全构成威胁。而且生物膜对消毒剂有顽强的抗性,一旦形成就难以控制。所以生物膜一直是给水管网研究的热点和难点。但是给水管网中生物膜的实际采样研究比较困难,而且实际取样无法连续监测生物膜形成的动态变化过程,因此用反应器实验模拟研究生物膜显得尤为重要。另外,随着技术的进步,研究给水管网生物膜不仅仅局限于传统的培养方法,还出现了一些新手段如现代分子生物学技术和显微镜图像分析技术,以便更加科学、合理地了解给水管网生物膜,从而保障城市供水的安全。文章重点介绍几种常见的用于研究给水管网生物膜的反应器及生物膜的研究方法,并对其原理及优缺点作了简要的讨论。     

紫外线-茶多酚联用对供水管网的消毒效果

针对传统消毒技术的安全风险问题,以维护供水管网水质安全为目标,引入茶多酚作为辅助消毒剂和紫外线消毒联用,模拟供水管网系统探究不同管材和水力停留时间下紫外线-茶多酚联合消毒的消毒效果,分析管壁生物膜形貌和菌落分布的变化.结果表明,75mg/L是紫外线-茶多酚联合消毒时茶多酚的较优投加量,可保持48h消毒效果.模拟管网运行过程中整体水质较好,但管材对管网消毒效果的影响较大,30d内球墨铸铁和UPVC管网中细菌量超过100CFU/mL的频率分别为80%和0%,紫外线-茶多酚联合消毒在UPVC管网中消毒持续性较强.与紫外线消毒相比,紫外线-茶多酚联合消毒对管壁生物膜的破坏效果更明显,且对生物膜中的蓝藻菌和肠道致病菌杀灭效果更强,有利于保障管网水质的安全性.     

中国地区大气气溶胶光学厚度与Angstrom参数联网观测(2004-08～2004-12)

利用2004年秋冬季全国联网资料,给出中国19个典型区域大气气溶胶的光学厚度(AOD_λ=500nm)、Angstrom混浊系数(β)和Angstrom波长指数(α).结果表明,在青藏高原,海北、拉萨,AOD平均分别为0.09、0.12,β平均分别为0.05、0.13,α平均分别为1.09、0.06.东北地区,海伦、三江,AOD平均分别为0.14、0.15,β平均分别为0.04、0.06,α平均分别为2     

Does the financing of extended producer responsibility influence economic growth?

The question of how the financing of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) affects the overall performance of the economy is important as products covered by EPR comprise an increasing part of the economy. In this paper, an Overlapping Generations (OLG) model with endogenous growth is applied to the case and a comparison between two financing schemes, an insurance solution and a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) solution, is made with respect to the effect on the level of production, the growth rate, the impact of a productivity shock and the risk exposure. It is found that in the case of a funded solution, both the level of production and the growth rate in production is higher than in the PAYG case, and the short-run effect of productivity shock is bigger. The policy indication is clear: EPR should be attached to a financing scheme if welfare is to be maximised.     

To make zero emissions technologies and strategies become a reality,the lessons learned of cleaner production dissemination have to be known

With respect to the philosophy of the preventive approach, the bottom line has often been illustrated with the saying: ‘…a gram of prevention is better than a kilogram of cure…’ But you cannot manage a problem that you do not know. In case of cleaner production, the approach is not to solve the problem but to prevent it. This is a deduction in two ways. Firstly, a new problem has to be present in order to be recognised, also for prevention. Secondly, the problem that has to be prevented is connected to the life-cycle of the capital and technology investments in production processes, products and services. A dilemma for new concepts in general is that pilot studies never meet the full conditions that are needed. When the obstacles of routines are overcome, often the momentum for fully conditioned approaches is passed and watered-down definitions and applications are introduced.     

Rapid measurement of aerosol concentration in flue gas using an optical fiberscope

We succeeded in developing a new instrument for dust measurement, based on a study of existing methods. It is portable and gives a real-time response. it is based on the measurement of the scattering intensity of near-infrared radiation. Light from a semiconductor laser is transmitted to the detector unit through a heat-resistant fiberscope, and the infrared energy scattered by the aerosol is returned to a sensor in the same way. The detector is inserted directly into the measured gas stream, and can be moved to various points in the stream to obtain representative cross-sectional measurements. Aerosol measurements can be made over a concentration range of 0.01–1000 mg m⁻³. The response appears to be the same, based on mass concentration, for flyash, combustion smoke, and dust in a steel mill.     

Adaptation to climate change: the attitudes of stakeholders in the livestock industry

It is now widely accepted that climate change is happening and that future changes will impact on many aspects of society, including agriculture. To maintain food supplies, the agricultural industry must address climate change adaptation. Key to this is the attitudes of those within the industry likely to have responsibility for adapting. This study investigated stakeholder attitudes towards adaptation to climate change in the livestock industry. Findings reveal four attitudinal groups. First, there is a ‘farmer-focused group’ that has a positive attitude about the ability of livestock farmers to adapt to climate change, but that also has the opinion that they will need additional support to adapt. Second, there is an ‘incentive for enterprise, anti-GM (genetic modification) group’ with an attitudinal position stressing that the government should have a role in implementing regulations and providing finance. This group has a negative attitude towards GM technology and does not think it will be the answer to climate change. Third, there is an ‘information and education group’ whose attitude is that the provision of information is crucial for ensuring that the livestock industry adapts. Fourth, there is a ‘pro-technology group’ who have a positive attitude towards GM technology and who are therefore willing to embrace it as the route to adaptation. Three of these four groups favour soft adaptations that maintain flexibility within the system, and only the fourth is of the opinion that adaptive capacity is not an issue and that the industry is ready to implement hard adaptations.     

碱性物质中和法在处理煤矿废水中的应用

凡是有地下煤矿开采的地区,都伴之有地下水排放.在面临全球性淡水缺乏的形势下,煤矿排放废水却作为污染源,日夜注入河床,致使环境保护部门为之大伤脑筋,而且各煤矿也为煤矿排放废水的治理,付出了很大的经济代价.因此如何解决煤矿排放废水达标排放的问题,使其能作为矿产资源和水资源得到再利用,解决即将到来的水荒危机就成为了本文讨论的重点.     

The Nature of ecosystem management: postmodernism and plurality in the sustainable management of the boreal forest

Ecosystem management, by seeking to emulate natural disturbance, has been proposed by the ecological and forest management community as a means of maintaining the biodiversity and productivity of boreal forests, key components of sustainable forest management (SFM). However, it is argued that ecosystem management overlooks the paradox inherent in the concept of Nature, limiting the scope of the SFM debate by maintaining a binary opposition between Nature and Society, humans and the environment. Nature is paradoxical because humans are part of Nature, by the theory of evolution, while at the same time Nature is a social construction created by humans, and thus artificial. Recourse is made to postmodernism in order to examine the metaphysical and sociopolitical implications of the deconstruction of this paradox. Based on a review of the philosophy of Foucault and Derrida, the concept of Nature is demonstrated to be socially mediated, an entwinement of reason and power. In order to address metaphysical challenges of the Nature–Society dualism identified above, I refer to Habermas’s theory of communicative action and cite results from a case study in this regard. Results from this case study prompt a critical examination of the legitimacy of a discourse ethic about Nature, making use of the negative dialectics of Adorno. As a result, at the metaphysical level, a different role for ecologists and forest managers in public participation procedures is proposed, one whereby ecologists talk through Nature to the evolutionary agents to which it is intended to refer as a means of discussing whether specific management options will contribute to sustainable development. It is argued that at the sociopolitical level SFM will necessitate improved transparency and participation in forestry, criteria that can be attained through community-based ecosystem management. Both elements require a science more actively engaged with civil society.     

聚合硫酸铁碱化度国标测定法的一点改进

针对聚合硫酸铁碱化度的国标测定方法提出了一点改进，扩大了碱化度的测定范围，使其适合于某些碱化度较高或铁含量较高的聚铁样品的测定。改进之处在于先加入较多量的盐酸分解试样，用氟化钾掩蔽Ｆｅ３＋后，再加入定量的ＮａＯＨ溶液中和部分多余的酸，最后用较稀（０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的ＮａＯＨ溶液滴定至终点。     

EcoDesign and The Ten Golden Rules: generic advice for merging environmental aspects into product development

The most important moment in product development is when demands and specifications are decided for the product that is being planned. The specification defines the goal for the product development process. It is a very important steering opportunity for the continuing work and for environmentally driven demands that are to be addressed in the product development phase. The designers are said to have the key to sustainable product development through EcoDesign. Many tools have been developed in order to help them to achieve this objective. However, most tools are seldom used primarily because of a lack of sustainability oriented requirements in specifications for products. If there is no demand for improved environmental performance, then there is no need for EcoDesign tools. The lack of market demand for environmentally improved products is therefore, a crucial factor. In other words: It makes no sense to grab a screwdriver from your toolbox if you have a nail in your hand. On the other hand if you have a hammer in your hand you tend to see everything as nails! The hypothesis of this paper is that there is a strong need for a tool to facilitate the integration of reasonable environmental demands into the product development process. The presented tool, “The Ten Golden Rules,” can be helpful in this effort. A helpful tool must be well adapted to the task and therefore it is important that the individual product developer/designer can develop personal versions from the generic guidelines. The Ten Golden Rules provide such a possibility. They provide a common foundation, for all in the team, which can be used as a base and guidelines for development of situation specific product-design challenges.     

AutoCAD在噪声环境影响预测评价中的应用

研究声强等值线的分布情况,是声环境预测工作中的一个关键环节。应用AutoCAD开发技术,开发了一套适用于线屏障和封闭屏障影响条件下的一般系统进行模拟的绘图程序,实现了声强分布的图形表达过程。在计算多线屏障影响的过程中,采用了对数加权的近似处理,避免了复杂的求解过程;在等值线的绘制过程中,采用了"线段首尾连接"的方法来追踪等值点,简化了追踪过程。