稀薄燃烧型汽车尾气净化的研究

随着我国汽车数量的增加，汽车尾气污染问题日益突出。稀薄燃烧型汽车以其节能性和低污染性得到了广泛的重视。本文主要阐述了稀薄燃烧型汽车尾气的净化研究，并提出了今后的发展方向。     

Cu/海泡石催化剂上NOx催化还原的研究

以天然海泡石为原料,经酸改性后作载体.采用浸渍法制成了用于NOx由CO还原的Cu基催化剂.在稀薄燃烧条件下,考察了它对汽车尾气中NOx的还原性能.实验结果表明,Cu/海泡石催化剂在富氧条件下具有良好的耐湿热稳定性和催化活性,当转化率达到90%时,反应温度＜400 ℃.当掺入稀土元素Ce和Sm后,由于与活性组分Cu之间的协同效应,催化剂的抗氧能力进一步提高了.     

Cu／海泡石催化剂上NOx催化还原的研究

以天然海泡石为原料，经酸改性后作载体。采用浸渍法制成了用于NOx由CO还原的Cu基催化剂。在稀薄燃烧条件下，考察了它对汽车尾气中NOx的还原性能。实验结果表明，Cu/海泡石催化剂在富氧条件下具有良好的耐湿热稳定性和催化活性，当转化率达到90％时，反应温度＜400℃。当掺入稀土元素Ce和Sm后，由于与活性组分Cu之间的协同效应，催化剂的抗氧能力进一步提高了。     

汽车尾气的污染治理

现代社会,汽车已成为人们重要的交通工具,汽车保有量与年递增,但由汽车尾气对大气环境和人体健康造成的危害也越来越严重,如何防止汽车尾气的产生,并对产生的尾气进行净化已成为倍受人们关注的社会问题.     

基于可调二极管激光技术的汽车尾气遥感监测系统

汽车尾气排放已成为最主要的城市污染源之一。汽车尾气的遥感监测系统作为一种高效实时监测汽车正常运行状况下的尾气排放方法已越来越受到人们的广泛关注。本文主要介绍基于可调二极管激光(TDL)技术的汽车尾气遥感监测系统。首先介绍遥感监测系统的产生与发展以及TDL技术的基本原理,其次阐述遥感监测系统的组成、关键技术以及系统的优点,并分析遥感监测系统在国内外的应用现状,最后提出目前应用中尚待解决的若干关键技术问题。     

石家庄秋季PM_(2.5)中低分子量有机酸组成特征及来源解析

为探讨石家庄秋季PM_(2.5)中低分子量有机酸组成特征与来源,于2017年9—10月对石家庄PM_(2.5)进行采样并测定了3种低分子量有机酸(甲酸、乙酸、草酸)浓度,还测定了水溶性无机离子(Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、NH_4~+)辅助讨论有机酸来源。结果发现,石家庄秋季PM_(2.5)中草酸浓度高于甲酸和乙酸,而甲酸和乙酸浓度接近,甲酸、乙酸和草酸的质量浓度分别为20~240、50~280、60~1 130ng/m~3。石家庄秋季PM_(2.5)中低分子量有机酸受自然源和人为源的混合影响,以人为源占主导,其中甲酸和乙酸的同源性较高。甲酸的可能来源为工业燃煤、交通汽车尾气排放、生物质燃烧、土壤和扬尘。乙酸的可能来源为工业燃煤、交通汽车尾气排放、生物质燃烧、生活污水、土壤和扬尘。草酸的可能来源为交通汽车尾气排放、大气氧化反应、生物质燃烧、土壤和扬尘、生活污水。     

芬兰研制出新型汽车尾气检测仪

芬兰国家技术研究中心研制成功一种可在道路旁边对过往车辆尾气直接进行检测的新型汽车尾气检测仪。该仪器采用红外线来检测使用汽油和柴油的发动机尾气，可正确测量出市中心街道车流中每辆汽车尾气的排放量，并将尾气排放超标的汽车车牌号记录在案，有关部门将检测结果通报给驾车者 ，     

地铁环境污染比汽车尾气更糟

瑞典医学教授哈恩.卡尔森在瑞典《科学日报》上发表文章说,地铁空气中含有大量有害微粒,它们主要来自燃料的不充分燃烧及车轮与轨道的摩擦,其对乘客健康造成的伤害比汽车尾气还要大。卡尔森教授通过对斯德哥尔摩地铁空气的     

我国汽车排气污染净化研究

本文在调研１９８３年来我国有关汽车排气净化研究的文献基础上，综述了机内净化，机外净化和燃料处理三方面的研究水平与成果，着重探讨了汽车尾气催化净化技术和催化剂的研究。结合我国目前汽车工业和城市机动车污染现状，借鉴国外机动车污染控制的发展道路，提出了我国机动车污染控制技术的发展方向，并对进一步开展汽车排气净化研究提出了建议。     

基于可调二极管激光技术的汽车尾气遥感监测系统

汽车尾气排放已成为最主要的城市污染源之一。汽车尾气的遥感监测系统作为一种高效实时监测汽车正常运行状况下的尾气排放方法已越来越受到人们的广泛关注。本文主要介绍基于可调二极管激光（TDL）技术的汽车尾气遥感监测系统。首先介绍遥感监测系统的产生与发展以及TDL技术的基本原理，其次阐述遥感监测系统的组成、关键技术以及系统的优点，并分析遥感监测系统在国内外的应用现状，最后提出目前应用中尚待解决的若干关键技术问题。     

富氧条件下选择性还原NO的复合催化剂体系

选择性催化还原法是净化稀燃汽车尾气中NOx 的最有效途径之一 ,单一催化组分或单一类型的催化剂很难满足实际需要 ,复合催化剂的研究成为必然趋势。本文介绍了复合催化体系的组合形式 ,回顾了国内外最近几年复合催化剂体系净化NOx 的研究成果 ,为将来设计新的复合催化体系提出了建议     

Mass Burn Incineration with a Presorted MSW Fuel

This research, supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy, investigates potential benefits to mass burn incineration from burning a presorted MSW fuel. Comparative boiler efficiency tests at three mass burn incineration sites utilizing as-received MSW and a presorted MSW fuel are reported. Test results indicate that waste presorting can provide substantial benefits to the mass burn process. Flue gas and ash heavy metals are found to be significantly reduced. Discarded automobile batteries are found to substantially contribute to lead levels in the waste stream. Reductions in emissions of CO, HC, HC1, HF, and NO_X are reported. Increases in facility boiler efficiency and MSW disposal capacity are measured.     

杭州市机动车尾气污染和控制对策

随关经济的快速发展,城市道路交通和机动车尾气污染成为人们关注的热点,通过对杭州市机动车行驶现状及路检情况调查,分析了机动车排污分担率及尾气排放的潜在影响,提出控制机动车尾气大大气污染的对策。     

富氧尾气中NOx催化净化的研究进展

本文对富氧条件下NOx 催化净化的研究现状进行了综述 ,并对其存在的问题进行了探讨     

Assessment of soil lead exposure in children in Shenyang, China

Soil lead pollution is serious in Shenyang, China. The paper brings together the soil work, the bioaccessibility, and the blood lead data to assess the soil lead exposure in children in Shenyang, China. Approximately 15.25% of the samples were above China Environment Protection Agency guideline concentration for soil Pb to protect human from health risk (350 mgkg(-1)). Pb concentrations varied among use scenarios. The main lead contamination sources are industry emission and automobile exhaust. Bioaccessibility also varied among use scenarios. Children, who ingested soil from industrial area, public parks, kindergarten playground, and commercial area, are more susceptible to soil lead toxicity. The industrial area soil samples presented higher bioaccessibility compared to the other use scenario soil samples contaminated by automobile exhaust. The result also suggested a most significant linear relationship between the level of Pb contamination and the amount of Pb mobilized from soil into ingestion juice. Soil pH seemed to have insignificant influence on bioaccessibility in the present study. Bioaccessibility was mainly controlled by other factors that are not investigated in this study. A linear relationship between children blood lead and soil intestinal bioaccessibility was present in the study. Children who are 4-5 years old are more likely to demonstrate the significant relationship between soil lead bioaccessibility and blood lead as their behaviors place them at greatest risk of soil lead toxicity, and their blood lead levels are more likely to represent recent exposure.     

基于GIS城市机动车尾气扩散迁移研究

中国城市大气污染日趋严重，汽车尾气污染所占比重越来越大。交通、道路、管制及气候条件等是影响城市机动车尾气排放的主要因素。本文根据机动车尾气研究的实际，研究了专题MGIS数据库结构， 并以广州为例，建立了基于GIS的城市机动车尾气扩散迁移预报系统，在此基础上实现了机动车尾气污染状况的可视化。     

Hydrocarbon Production and Photochemical Ozone Formation in Forest Burn Plumes

The purpose of this paper is to describe ozone production in forest slash burn plumes. Plumes from controlled fires in the state of Washington were monitored using an instrumented aircraft. Ozone, oxides of nitrogen, condensation nuclei, and visual range (nephelometer) were measured continuously on board the plane. Airborne grab samples were collected for detailed hydrocarbon analysis.

The slash burn plumes were found to contain significant quantities of ozone. A buildup of 40–50 ppb above the ambient background ozone concentrations was not unusual. Hydrocarbon analyses revealed the presence of many photochemically reactive olefins in the plume. Hydrocarbon/NO _x ratios were favorable for photochemical oxidant production.     

Performance Audit Results for Volatile POHC Measurements

Audit materials containing principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) have been developed by EPA for use by federal, state, and local agencies or their contractors to assess the accuracy of measurement methods used during RCRA trial burn tests. Audit materials are currently available for 27gaseous organics in five, six, seven, and nine-component mixtures at parts-per-billion levels (7 to 10,000 ppb) in compressed gas cylinders in a balance gas of nitrogen. The criteria used for the selection of 27 gaseous organic compounds is described.

Stability studies indicate that all of the organics tested (with the exception of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide below 10 ppb levels) are stable enough to be used as reliable audit materials.

Subsequent to completion of the stability studies, 89 performance audits have been conducted with the audit materials to assess the accuracy of the Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST) and bag measurement methods during or prior to RCRA trial burn tests. A summary of the audits conducted for each POHC and the measurement system audited is shown in this paper. The audit results obtained with audit gases during RCRA trial burn tests are generally within ±50 percent of the audit concentrations.     

Best management practices for automobile salvage yards

This paper collects a group of best management practices (BMPs) that outline the techniques needed to establish an environmentally friendly automobile recycling facility. Using common as well as unique BMPs from several different states, a full but not detailed set of management practices has been established. Since every facility is different, each facility will need a set of BMPs that meets its specific needs. However, the integrity behind the BMPs must remain the same. Its main purpose is to reduce the amount of pollutants seeping into and contaminating the underground water supply. If these BMPs are properly applied to every automobile salvage yard it will greatly reduce groundwater pollution and create a safer working environment for all employees.