投菌法在污水处理中的应用与分析

针对污水处理场运行中发生的水质冲击问题，可投加相应菌种来达到平稳运行，使水质达标排放。并对其可行性进行了分析、讨论。     

采用高效离心器及络合萃取剂回收处理呋喃酚废水

处理含酚废水，普遍采用有机溶剂萃取法、吸附法、生物氧化法，这些方法均存在一定的缺陷。作者以江苏省神农集团合成分厂为例，从回收处理呋喃酚废水的治理人手，详细论述了采用离心器及络合萃取剂回收处理污水的工作原理、工艺流程及投资收益。试验结果：该回收处理呋喃酚污水方法运行效果好，确保处理后的废水含酚量在0．5mg／L以下，酚回收率大于95％，具有可观的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。     

屠宰废水的处理工艺及实例

采用生物反应-物化-生化AB法联合处理工艺处理屠宰废水,提高了对污水的冲击能力,经运行实践表明,该设施处理效果良好、稳定.     

工业污水的缺氧生化预处理

本文介绍了工业污水缺氧生化预处理的试验情况。结果表明,工业有机废水采用缺氧生化预处理后,再接续好氧生化处理,可以有效地提高CODcr总去除率,为污水的生化处理达标提供可靠的保证。     

新型吸附剂—聚胺酯泡沫处理高浓度含酚废水的研究

焦化厂、化工厂、煤气厂等排放的废水含有酚和各类其他有毒有害物质。这类含酚废水有恶臭,对人、畜和各种水生生物均有不同程度的毒害,严重污染厂区周围的环境。目前工业上处理高浓度含酚废水一般采用液—液萃取     

厌氧滤池、膨胀床和流化床的消化特性

采用厌氧滤池、厌氧膨胀床和厌氧流化床处理中等浓度含酚废水,CODcr,酚去除率分别达到约70%、99%,沼气产率达到0.728～0.938m~3/m~3d.其中,厌氧膨胀床的消化效率最佳,而采用的回流量居中,动力消耗适当.3种工艺污泥产率很低,处理1m~3污水最高排泥量仅为32.1gm~3污水.因此,厌氧膨胀床是一种处理含酚废水的有效工艺.     

沸石法工业污水氨氮治理技术研究

本文研究了斜发沸石法去除工业污水中氨氮的方法 ,通过沸石对NH+4 的全交换容量、吸附和洗脱工艺条件对去除氨氮效果影响的试验 ,确定了处理氨氮废水的工艺流程和适宜参数。结果表明 ,在废水浓度pH =7的条件下 ,沸石对铵的平均全交换容量达到 12 .96mg/g沸石 ,且交换容量随PH值的增大而降低 ;高速低温有利于吸附 ,低速高温有利于洗脱 ;处理后污水氨氮含量低于 5 0mg/L ,达到了国家排放标准。本研究可为治理氨氮废水技术开发提供了一定的技术依据     

UASB系统不同高度层污泥降解五氯酚能力研究

为探讨五氯酚对不同类型的厌氧微生物的毒性影响,采用UASB反应器进行了PCP模拟污水连续流实验,采用间歇实验研究UASB反应器中不同类型污泥降解五氯酚能力的实验,揭示不同PCP浓度冲击下对系统微生物的影响及各种污泥对五氯酚的降解能力差异.结果表明,在不同的PCP冲击负荷的阶段,厌氧系统对PCP和COD的去除率均表现出先...     

造纸、氨氮、含酚、有机磷农药混合污水生化处理试验研究

采用好氧、缺氧工艺对造纸厂中段污水、化肥厂氨氮污水、化工厂含酚污水、农药厂含有机磷污水.4种混合污水进行生化处理研究,其结果为:CODer的去除率达68%,BODs的去除率为90%,酚的去除率达99%.有机磷去除率达85%,总磷去除率达22.5%.氨氮去除率达70%.结果表明.由造纸、化工、农药等行业含高氮、磷比例的废水进行混合生化处理是可行的.     

利用水生植物监测和净化鞍钢污水的研究

鞍钢污水对外排放有二大排放口,其中以西大沟污染最为严重。西大沟外排污水每小时1万吨以上。污水中含有大量的有机物、污染物和矿物油。在1980年,仅半年上缴排污费约计900万元,其中由酚污染造成每月上缴费约为72万元,油亦为72万元以上。 鉴于上述情况,在鞍钢排放废水中,主要的污染物是酚和油。酚是一种毒性较强的芳香烃化合物,酚类化合物是一种原型质毒物,可使蛋白质凝固。酚的水溶液易被皮肤吸收,酚蒸汽则由呼吸道吸入而引起中毒,对神经系统损害更大,也能引起肝、肾和心肌的损害。高     

褐煤活性炭吸附处理焦化废水

研究褐煤活性炭吸附处理焦化废水的性能，为褐煤活性炭用于废水处理提供理论依据和技术指导。以河南某气化厂的焦化废水为吸附原水，进行褐煤活性炭对酚吸附性能的静态和动态实验。静态实验表明，褐煤活性炭对酚的吸附性能符合弗兰德里希（Freundlich）吸附方程式。在室温条件下，对于150 mL焦化废水，当活性炭的用量为10 g，吸附反应时间为1 h，酚的去除率可达92%以上。动态实验研究表明，当进水酚浓度为3 800 mg/L，吸附1.5 h，活性炭的吸附容量可达21.38 mg/g。水处理的实验研究表明，利用褐煤制备的活性炭，对焦化废水具有良好的处理效果。     

Biodegradation and toxicity of wastewater from industry producing mineral fibres for thermal insulation

The water chemistry, toxicity, and biodegradation of wastewater from an industry producing mineral fibres for thermal insulation were studied. Values for COD, BOD5, suspended solids, and phenol exceeded permissible values for the wastewater discharged into a nearby river and acute toxicity was also detected. Consequently, the effluent should be treated in a municipal wastewater treatment plant so its ready biodegradability was investigated. We found that the wastewater was readily biodegradable, therefore we assume it can be treated in the wastewater treatment plant as the ratio of the wastewater flow rate and the minimal total inflow into the sewage treatment plant would be one to at least 30.     

Evaluation on estrogenicity and oxidative hepatotoxicity of fossil fuel industrial wastewater before and after the powdered activated carbon treatment

There are 10 manufacturers who produce fossil fuel products in the Da-Hse Industrial District, Kaohsiung County, southwestern Taiwan. Before discharging the wastewater into the nearby aquatic environment, the pretreated wastewater from these manufacturers must be processed in a treatment plant which includes four major processing units: equalization, a primary clarifier, an aeration basin, and a final clarifier. In order to estimate the potential environmental risks of industrial wastewater from each manufacturer and the treatment efficiency of the powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT) system used in this wastewater treatment plant, in vitro bioassays for estrogenicity and oxidative hepatotoxicity were carried out using a stably transfected human breast cancer cell line, MVLN, and a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, respectively. Estrogenic substances occurred in nine of 10 pretreated wastewaters from these manufacturers in which the relative luciferase activity ranged from 18.9% to 98.0% for 1-fold-condensed wastewaters corresponding to the concentration of the original wastewater. The estrogenicity was highest at the influent of the treatment plant and decreased through the treatment process. About 81% estrogenicity clearance was found through all processing units. On the other hand, oxidative hepatotoxic substances existed in seven of 10 pretreated wastewaters from these manufacturers in which relative TBARs activity ranged from 18.5% to 43.0% for 1-fold-condensed wastewater. The TBARs of influent samples apparently decreased through the processing units until the aeration basin, but abruptly rose in the final clarifier, which was a result of the addition of an active charcoal-retrieving agent with the molecular formula of (C(2)H(3))(n)CONHCH(2)N(CH(3))(3)Cl and which had high TBARs activity. No TBARs activity being found in effluent samples could be a consequence of allowing sufficient time for coagulation between the active charcoal and its retrieval agent which decreased the residual active charcoal-retrieving agent. We concluded that the industrial wastewater treatment plant using the PACT system in the Da-Hse Industrial District is suitable for removing estrogenic substances and oxidative hepatotoxic substances discharged from these industrial manufacturers.     

污水处理中的人工湿地强化技术研究

人工湿地作为一种新型污水生态处理工艺受到越来越广泛的重视,在生活污水、特种工业废水、采矿污水、农业和畜牧业污水以及水产养殖废水等处理中得到了广泛的应用.但是其本身的局限却限制了它在高浓度废水、某些工业废水处理等方面的应用,在寒冷地区的应用也受到限制.本研究分析了一些强化技术(如湿地内部要素强化、工艺强化和工程强化等)在提高人工湿地的净化效能以及扩大其应用范围的可能性.     

大豆蛋白和屠宰废水处理工艺研究

介绍了两公司大豆蛋白废水的水质水量和性质特征，分析工程的工艺设计和调试运行状况。对大豆蛋白和屠宰废水的处理，采用混和处理的总体工艺，理论研究和运行实践表明，混和处理利于均衡生物处理营养，优化厌氧处理工艺型式及参数。污泥培养时，尽快从间歇运行变为连续运行，利于基质和污泥的混和接触，促进油脂和脂肪酸的降解，防止油和脂肪酸的积累及其抑制作用，防止油脂包覆污泥，造成污泥漂浮流失。     

Sources of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) in sludge of Gaza

Average concentrations of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) in sludge from the Gaza Strip reached 600 mg kg(-1) which currently represents a major limiting factor for sludge application in agriculture. This study aims to identify the main sources of AOX in Gaza where the area is small with limited industrial activities. The results showed that the AOX in effluent sludge is formed mainly inside the treatment plant. Although the plant receives AOX wastewater of only 85 microg l(-1), this value increased five fold inside the plant to an average of 400 microg l(-1) in the effluent wastewater. On the other hand, the sludge from the first sedimentation pond showed an AOX concentration of 213 mg kg(-1) and increased in the final sedimentation pond to 500 mg kg(-1). The AOX concentration in three month old sludge was 130 mg kg(-1). The textile and detergent industries are the major AOX producing industries in Gaza, with an average AOX of 40,000 microg l(-1) in their effluent wastewater. These values do not represent a significant AOX pollution load to the treatment plant because these industries are very limited and their effluents are diluted before entering the municipal treatment plant. Industrial activity decreased in 2006 to less than 70% of the previous four years. Consequently, the AOX in the industrial effluent decreased from 150,000 to 40,000 microg l(-1) over the same time period. Sludge from these industries showed 1300 mg kg(-1) AOX for the past four years and only 400 mg kg(-1) in 2006. Moreover, the AOX in the influent wastewater discharged to the treatment plant decreased from 320 to 85 microg l(-1) for the same period. This study revealed that the major AOX is formed inside the treatment plant and especially in the anaerobic facilities. There was no correlation between the AOX concentrations in the sludge and the wastewater at the same location. Moreover, there was no correlation between the AOX in sludge/wastewater and dissolved oxygen, pH and chloride in that treatment plant.     

污水处理中的人工湿地强化技术研究

人工湿地作为一种新型污水生态处理工艺受到越来越广泛的重视，在生活污水、特种工业废水、采矿污水、农业和畜牧业污水以及水产养殖废水等处理中得到了广泛的应用。但是其本身的局限却限制了它在高浓度废水、某些工业废水处理等方面的应用，在寒冷地区的应用也受到限制。本研究分析了一些强化技术（如湿地内部要素强化、工艺强化和工程强化等）在提高人工湿地的净化效能以及扩大其应用范围的可能性。     

Assessment of total concentrations of heavy metals in industrial sludges from the North of Vietnam and their potential impact on the ecosystem

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Industrial sludges from wastewater treatment plants of industrial parks and a drinking water treatment plant in northern Vietnam were investigated in...     

蔗糖厂洗布水的生化处理试验研究

分别采用水解 -二段生物接触氧化以及二段生物接触氧化两种工艺 ,通过接种高效蔗糖降解菌对蔗糖厂洗布水的生化处理进行试验研究 ,结果表明 :填料采用煤渣较好 ;加适量的氮源和磷源能提高生化处理效果 ;两种工艺处理都能使废水达标排放 ,但从经济角度考虑认为水解 -二段接触氧化工艺较优。     

Phytoavailability and extractability of potassium, magnesium and manganese in calcareous soil amended with olive oil wastewater

Land disposal of olive oil wastewater using it as a soil amendment requires a knowledge of the effects that its application may produce on the status of the mineral nutrients in the plant-soil system. A pot experiment using calcareous soil was performed in a growth chamber to examine the effects of olive oil wastewater on the availability and postharvest soil extractability of K, Mg and Mn. The experiment included 6 treatments: two rates of olive oil wastewater, two mineral fertilizer treatments containing K (which supplied K in amounts equivalent to the K supplied by the olive oil wastewater treatments), a K-free mineral fertilizer treatment, and a control. The pots were sown with ryegrass as the test plant, harvesting 3 times at intervals of one month. Olive oil wastewater has demonstrated a considerable capacity for supplying K that can be assimilated by the plant, tending in fact to surpass the mineral potassium fertilizer tested. The application of olive oil wastewater tends to reduce the concentration of Mg in the plant, similarly to the effect of adding mineral potassium fertilizer. An enhancement of Mn availability takes place in the soil amended with olive oil wastewater, which on occasion has produced Mn concentrations in plant that could be considered phytotoxic or at least excessive. After harvesting, we observed an increase in the amount of exchangeable K in soil with added industrial wastewater. However, these increases are lower than those in soil treated with mineral potassium fertilizer. The levels of exchangeable, carbonate-bound, organic-bound and residual Mg in soil were higher in treatments incorporating olive oil wastewater than in those with added mineral K, with the opposite tendency occurring in the amount of Fe-Mn oxides-bound Mg in soil. Treatments based on olive oil wastewater, especially in high doses, increased the amount of exchangeable and carbonate-bound Mn in soil, in comparison with treatments adding mineral fertilizers with or without K. In contrast, the addition of industrial wastewater caused a drop in the amount of Fe-Mn oxides-bound and organic-bound Mn in soil.