基于模糊数学的石油化工装置HAZOP风险分析技术研究

对传统的HAZOP分析中偏差原因发生可能性进行量化。对于有统计数据的,根据行业数据、公司经验及企业事故建立HAZOP风险分析统计数据库;对于没有统计数据的HAZOP分析偏差原因发生概率,通过专家主观评判,用模糊数理论将专家自然语言转换为模糊数,采用左右模糊排序法将模糊数转换为模糊失效概率值。研究了偏差后果严重程度的划分标准,并根据偏差原因概率和偏差后果严重程度确定风险等级,利用风险矩阵得出偏差风险的大小。从而把HAZOP分析方法从定性改进为半定量的分析方法。据此对石油化工装置进行了HAZOP风险分析。     

基于三角模糊数的HAZOP分析在石油化工装置中的应用

工艺危害分析强调运用系统的方法对危害进行辨识、分析,并采取必要的措施消除和减少危害。HAZOP分析能对工艺过程非常系统、全面的进行分析,但传统的HAZOP分析在量化风险时,对于偏差原因发生的可能性评价存在较大的主观性。本文对于没有统计资料的HAZOP分析偏差原因发生可能性,采用专家打分法,利用三角模糊数来表示其模糊发生概率。对于有统计资料的偏差原因,直接表示成三角模糊数。这种方法能够很好的表示HAZOP分析偏差发生概率。介绍了基于三角模糊数的HAZOP分析步骤,并在石油化工装置中进行了应用。这对HAZOP分析技术在石油化工装置中的推广具有重要意义。     

基于Web的测井井控HAZOP分析技术

针对HAZOP分析耗时长,工作量大,分析费用高,限制了其推广应用的现状,提出基于Web的测井井控HAZOP分析技术,即通过与测井专业人员的交流和对现场作业条件的研究划分单元节点,找到偏差与影响,分析原因,提出切实可行的安全措施,并发挥Web的技术优势对分析结果进行汇总,经专家审核逐步形成一个完善的测井井控HAZOP分析知识库.该知识库具有开放性特点,汇集大量测井井控HAZOP信息,分析人员可借助该知识库信息有效开展后继HAZOP分析工作.以测井井口设备为例介绍了基于Web的HAZOP分析和审核入库的过程.研究表明,基于Web的测井井控HAZOP分析技术可减轻分析工作量,提高工作效率,并有助于分享知识库,指导后续分析工作.     

基于HYSYS和HAZOP的工艺参数偏差模拟与后果量化

为解决危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)不能有效回答工艺偏差临界范围及各种可能的偏差后果量化问题,拟将HAZOP分析与化工过程模拟软件(HYSYS)相结合,实现量化分析。以某汽提塔抽提工艺为例,对工艺参数偏差进行传统HAZOP分析及风险筛分。采用HYSYS对筛分出的高风险偏差进行动态模拟,定量描述偏差后果。结果表明:HAZOP与HYSYS相结合的量化模拟分析方法可用于指导化工装置在实际运行阶段的偏差量化分析与事故预防,为过程风险控制措施及相关建议提供可操作的量化指标。     

HAZOP在钛酸酯工艺过程危险性辨识中的应用研究

介绍了工艺过程危险可操作研究(HAZOP)的分析程序、步骤等.根据HAZOP原理,分析了钛酸酯制备工艺过程中有意义的偏差、偏差发生的原因,可能导致的后果,并提出相应的对策措施.结果表明,HAZOP比其他定性分析方法更能全面、系统地识别工艺过程中潜在的危险因素.在此基础上,探讨了工艺过程HAZOP会议审查中可能出现的问题和解决方法,并提出借助计算机进行工艺过程HAZOP研究是今后的重点.     

石油化工装置HAZOP分析技术概率定量化研究

分析化工装置定性风险识别技术--危险及可操作分析(HAZOP)技术定量改进的可行性,根据HAZOP分析专家意见,将HAZOP分析所得偏差进行定量化处理.采用层次分析法确定各专家影响权重,通过专家主观评判得到各原因下偏差发生的可能性,根据模糊数学方法将专家自然语言转换为模糊数,采用左右模糊排序法将区间[0,1]的模糊数转换为模糊失效概率值.实例验证表明,该方法能较好反映偏差实际发生概率,高效且便于计算机实现.     

操作规程HAZOP分析技术原理与应用分析

目前国内外危险与可操作(HAZOP)分析方法主要用于工艺过程风险分析,而很多伤害事故是由于人员操作过程出现偏差引起的,采用头脑风暴式的HAZOP分析可对操作规程安全性进行系统全面的系统化的审查.结合实例对比分析了操作规程HAZOP分析与工艺过程HAZOP分析的差异,对操作步骤与引导词的关系、分析成员差别、操作规程HAZOP分析风险等级确定和分析重心等问题等进行了研究分析.     

HAZOP分析技术改进与推广研究

危险与可操作性研究（HAZOP）是以系统工程为基础的一种对常用化工装置定性风险识别方法。它的基本过程是以关键词为引导,对过程中工艺状态的变化（偏差）加以确定,找出装置及过程中存在的危害。HAZOP分析法应用在初步设计阶段,以检查初步设计存在的问题。目前国外石油化工公司（BP公司、菲利普、壳牌公司等）都大力推广HAZOP法,我国使用推广还十分有限。以下为读者详细介绍HAZOP分析技术的应用特点、现状以及所做改进与推广。     

改进的HAZOP风险评价方法

HAZOP方法是一种使用简单却高度专业化、系统化,能够覆盖过程工业安全评价各个环节的危险辨识与评估方法。但是,HAZOP方法作为一种定性风险分析方法,仅仅是从定性方面分析装置中是否存在的潜在风险,对于存在的潜在风险,不能量化其严重度和可能性,HAZOP定量/半定量化分析成为本研究领域的发展趋势。本文从三个方面提出了改进HAZOP分析方法。首先,由于工艺参数和引导词构成偏差,根据工艺参数的分类,将偏差划分为数值型和逻辑型,进行了一步半定量化;其次,引入了毒性参数,对后果严重等级重新划分为五级;最后根据风险矩阵理论,运用风险矩阵C=X＋Y规则,计算出风险矩阵,按照风险评价的需要并且根据生产的实际安全管理状况,划分风险等级为四级,得到了新的风险矩阵,从而把HAZOP分析法从一种定性的方法改进为一种半定量的方法。     

Aspen Plus模拟计算在苯硝化HAZOP风险分析中的应用

为提高石油化工装置过程风险分析的准确性,建立一种将过程模拟融入危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)的HAZOP-Aspen Plus定量风险分析方法。基于传统HAZOP分析结果,通过化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus建立分析对象(苯硝化)的流程模型。利用灵敏度分析功能模拟过程参数对目标参数的影响,根据设备安全控制要求,获取过程操作参数的安全范围,实现HAZOP偏差定量化分析。将此方法应用于某公司硝基苯生产中硝化工段的风险分析中。结果表明,该方法可用来直观反映偏差对系统的影响,实现HAZOP偏差量化分析,进而提出有针对性的防护措施。     

Alarm management optimization in chemical installations based on adapted HAZOP reports

Most current alarm systems used in chemical installations show poor performance due to alarm flooding. This study focuses on alarm management systems optimization using the deviation propagation relationship hidden in the hazard and operability study (HAZOP) report, which can be transformed into a critical information source for alarm optimization management. More concretely, this means matching the alarm tag number with the process deviations in the deviation column, possible cause column, and consequence column. Furthermore, a backtracking method and a reasoning method were established to identify the initial alarm and associated alarms. Besides, a root fault diagnosis was carried out. A method of detecting hardware faults and unreasonable alarm thresholds is established using alarm causality corresponding to the deviation causality and associated alarm generation-skipping tracing method. According to the severity of the consequence corresponding to the deviation, a determined alarm priority method is constructed. The results show that the deviation propagation relationship in the HAZOP report is clear, and the topological relationship is easy to build based on the deviation propagation relationship. With comprehensive and in-depth HAZOP analysis reports in China, the alarm management optimization technology based on adapted HAZOP reports shows good prospects for application and promotion.     

基于因果依赖图的HAZOP推理方法研究

HAZOP分析方法自提出至今在石油化工领域一直被广泛应用,为代替传统HAZOP人工头脑风暴分析的过程,提出基于因果依赖图(CDG)的HAZOP推理方法,即CDG-HAZOP。首先建立系统的多级流模型,将系统生产过程抽象为流过程,用简单的功能图形符号来表示复杂的装置,然后利用多级流模型中的告警分析算法代替人工头脑风暴分析,推理偏差的可能原因和结果。CDG-HAZOP推理机制将传统HAZOP分析的重点由人工分析大量资料转移到多级流模型(MFM)的建立和校验上,能节约人工成本。将CDG-HAZOP推理方法用于催化裂化装置的反应-再生系统,对该系统可能发生的偏差进行原因和后果推理。     

HAZOP分析方法在石油工业上游业务中的应用

基于国内石油工业上游业务风险分析和安全评价现状,针对油气勘探、油气田开发、油气集输和海洋石油各阶段工艺流程与作业环境特性,选择引导词、偏差进行安全评价,分析和探讨HAZOP分析方法在上游业务中应用的可行性和适用性。研究表明,对于油气田开发、油气集输阶段以及海上油气田生产方面,应用HAZOP分析,可从本质安全角度提出项目风险管理控制措施,提高装置安全性和可操作性,促进企业持续稳定发展。但对于油气勘探阶段,由于其风险呈层次型且评价方法依赖于数学建模和数值计算,不适宜采用HAZOP分析方法。     

A novel knowledge database construction method for operation guidance expert system based on HAZOP analysis and accident analysis

An expert system for operation guidance will contribute to identifying the operatoration problems and indicating the resolutions thereof, because the information stored in the expert system can be utilized to resolve the corresponding technical problems. However, there are several problems that should be solved in the practical application of the expert system, such as lack of corresponding knowledge or resolutions utilized to cope with the problems, inapplicable resolutions, too many resolutions for the operators to choose from to obtain the best one in the first time, etc. Obtaining and storing as much as information in the database of the expert system are important issues in the construction process of the expert system. The accident analysis results contain a limited number of accident cases and the HAZOP analysis only refers to a single deviation analysis. This paper has presented a novel knowledge database construction method for an operation guidance expert system based on the HAZOP analysis and the accident analysis, which can be used to resolve the above problems. The HAZOP analysis results are combined with the accident analysis results and the combination information can be stored in the database of the expert system, and can be employed to forecast accidents or identify accident causes. The structures of the operation guidance table and the accident investigation table have been illustrated. The residuum hydrotreating process expert system is taken as an example to illustrate the knowledge database construction method. With the aid of this expert system, the operators will well understand the operations and adopt the best resolutions to deal with the abnormal situations. Also the operators can identify potential risks existing in the plant which will result in accidents according to the accident analysis results associated with the HAZOP analysis results.     

Process safety data management program based on HAZOP analysis and its application to an ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol plant

HAZOP analysis is a process hazard analysis method that has been widely applied both within and outside the chemical processing industries. This paper presents a design method for a process safety data management program for petrochemical plants based on HAZOP analysis and demonstrates the steps of application involved in building a process safety data management system for an ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol production plant. Firstly, the production data files and relevant documents of the plants should be classified and stored in the program database as reference documents and treatment schemes for coping with abnormal situations should be collected and summarized as guidance documents. Secondly, the HAZOP analysis method is employed to identify all the dangerous deviations possibly existing in the production process of the ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol plant. Then, the relationships among the deviations, the reference documents and the guidance documents should be considered and evaluated. Finally, each dangerous deviation will be given a corresponding reference document and guidance document. The reference documents and guidance documents stored in the expert system can be utilized to help operators solve the corresponding technical problems and cope with abnormal situations. The process safety data management program will contribute to the identification, analysis and resolution of operation problems. When an abnormal situation occurs, according to the deviations exhibited in the system, the necessary reference documents and guidance documents will be quickly consulted by the operators, and an appropriate decision will be made to address the abnormal situation. Therefore, by using the process safety data management program, plant security and human safety in the petrochemical industries will be improved.     

TOPHAZOP: a knowledge-based software tool for conducting HAZOP in a rapid, efficient yet inexpensive manner

Hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies constitute an essential step in the risk analysis of any chemical process industry and involve systematic identification of every conceivable abnormal process deviation, its causes and abnormal consequences. These authors have recently proposed optHAZOP as an alternative procedure for conducting HAZOP studies in a shorter span of time than taken by conventional HAZOP procedure, with greater accuracy and effectiveness [Khan, F. I. and Abassi, S. A., optHAZOP. An effective and efficient technique for hazard identification and assessment Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 1997, 10, 191–204]. optHAZOP consists of several steps, the most crucial one requires use of a knowledge-based software tool which would significantly reduce the requirement of expert man-hours and speed up the work of the study team. TOPHAZOP (Tool for OPTmizing HAZOP) has been developed to fulfil this need.

The TOPHAZOP knowledge-base consists of two main branches: process-specific and general. The TOPHAZOP framework allows these two branches to interact during the analysis to address the process-specific aspects of HAZOP analysis while maintaining the generality of the system. The system is open-ended and modular in structure to make easy implementation and/or expansion of knowledge. The important features of TOPHAZOP and its performance on an industrial case study are described.