Optimizing removal of ibuprofen from water by magnetic nanocomposite using Box–Behnken design

Purpose  

The present research aims to optimize the removal of ibuprofen (IBP), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic drug from the aqueous solution using a synthesized magnetic carbon–iron nanocomposite, and to investigate the individual and combined effects of the independent process variables.     

Impact of selected solution factors on arsenate and arsenite removal by nanoiron particles

Introduction  

The nano-scale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was used for the removal of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) in aqueous solution. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of initial pH, initial arsenic concentration, dissolved oxygen (DO), and ratio of As(III)/As(V) on arsenic removal.     

Application of nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) for groundwater remediation in Europe

Purpose  

Nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) is emerging as a new option for the treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater targeting mainly chlorinated organic contaminants (e.g., solvents, pesticides) and inorganic anions or metals. The purpose of this article is to give a short overview of the practical experience with NZVI applications in Europe and to present a comparison to the situation in the USA. Furthermore, the reasons for the difference in technology use are discussed.     

Automatic pH control system enhances the dechlorination of 2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl and extracted PCBs from contaminated soil by nanoscale Fe0 and Pd/Fe0

Purpose  

Dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) is often strongly hindered by increased pH because large amounts of H⁺ ions were consumed during the surface reaction. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of pH control in acid on the dechlorination processes of PCBs and to compare the dechlorination efficiency between 2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl (2,4,4′-CB) and the extracted PCBs from the field PCBs-contaminated soil in this system.     

Remediation of 4-nonylphenol in aqueous solution by using free radicals generated by the oxidative reactions

Introduction

This study relates to use of zerovalent iron to generate hydroxyl free radicals and undergo subsequent oxidation to destroy 4-nonylphenol (NP) by mild process in aqueous solution and activation of oxygen gas (O₂) at room temperature. This technology is based on a novel oxidative mechanism mediated by zerovalent iron rather than commonly used reduction mechanism.

Materials and methods

A laboratory scale device consisting of a 250?ml pyrex serum vials fixed to a Vortex agitator was used. Different amounts of zerovalent iron powder (ZVI; 1, 10, and 30?g/l) at pH?4 and room temperature with bubbling of oxygen gas were investigated.

Results and conclusion

Experiments showed an observed degradation rate k _(obs) directly proportional to the amount of iron. 4-Nonylphenol degradation reactions demonstrated first-order kinetics with a half-life of about 10.5?±?0.5 and 3.5?±?0.2?min when experiments were conducted at [ZVI]?=?1 and 30?g/l respectively. Three analytical techniques were employed to monitor 4-nonylphenol degradation and mineralization: (1) spectrofluorimetry; (2) high-performance liquid chromatography; (3) total organic carbon meter (TOC meter). Results showed a complete disappearance of 4-nonylphenol after 20?min of contact with ZVI. The intermediate by-products of the reaction were not identified but the disappearance of NP was monitored by the three above-mentioned techniques.     

Effective dose estimation and lifetime cancer mortality risk assessment from exposure to Chernobyl <Superscript>137</Superscript>Cs on the territory of Belgrade City and the region of Vojvodina,Serbia

Purpose  

The purpose of this paper is to determine the activity concentrations of radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs in soil samples on the territory of Belgrade and the province of Vojvodina. Also, the lifetime cancer mortality risk from external exposure during 1 year is assessed, and the effective dose is estimated.     

Ecological risk of long-term chlorimuron-ethyl application to soil microbial community: an in situ investigation in a continuously cropped soybean field in Northeast China

Introduction  

Chlorimuron-ethyl has been widely used for the soybean production of China, but less information is available on the possible risk of long-term application of this herbicide.     

Differences between carbon dioxide levels over suburban and rural sites in Northern Spain

Purpose  

A comparison between suburban and rural atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in Northern Spain is made.     

On the relationship between ozone and its precursors in the Pearl River Delta: application of an observation-based model (OBM)

Background, aim, and scope  

Photochemical smog, characterized by high concentrations of O₃ and fine particles, is of great concern in the urban areas, in particular megacities and city clusters like the Pearl River Delta.     

Evaluation of phenol detoxification by Brassica napus hairy roots, using Allium cepa test

Introduction  

Meristematic mitotic cells of Allium cepa constitute an adequate material for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation of environmental pollutants, such as phenol, which is a contaminant frequently found in several industrial effluents.     

On the limits of the air pollution predictability: the case of the surface ozone at Athens, Greece

Purpose  

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of increased urbanization in the Athens city, Greece on the intrinsic features of the temporal fluctuations of the surface ozone concentration (SOC).     

Spatial distribution and speciation of mercury and methyl mercury in the surface water of East River (Dongjiang) tributary of Pearl River Delta, South China

Purpose  

The distribution and speciation of mercury in surface water of East River, Guangdong province, China were investigated.     

Semifield assessment of the runoff potential and environmental risk of the parasiticide drug ivermectin under Mediterranean conditions

Introduction  

The antiparasitic ivermectin is of particular concern to regulatory agencies. Ivermectin can reach the environment through the direct emission of dung from livestock on pasture and via manure application on agricultural lands.     

Stochastic analysis of concentration field in a wake region

Introduction  

Identifying geographic locations in urban areas from which air pollutants enter the atmosphere is one of the most important information needed to develop effective mitigation strategies for pollution control.     

Wavelet transform-based artificial neural networks (WT-ANN) in PM10 pollution level estimation, based on circular variables

Introduction  

In this paper, a novel method in the estimation and prediction of PM₁₀ is introduced using wavelet transform-based artificial neural networks (WT-ANN).     

Toxic effect of tetracycline exposure on growth,antioxidative and genetic indices of wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.)

Introduction  

More attention has been paid to tetracycline contamination in view of its rapid increasing concentration in the environment. Therefore, it is important to set up rapid, simple, and accurate methods for monitoring tetracycline ecotoxicity.     

Contribution of anthropogenic aerosols in direct radiative forcing and atmospheric heating rate over Delhi in the Indo-Gangetic Basin

Introduction  

The present work is aimed to understand direct radiation effects due to aerosols over Delhi in the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) region, using detailed chemical analysis of surface measured aerosols during the year 2007.     

Characteristics of exhaust gas,liquid products,and residues of printed circuit boards using the pyrolysis process

Introduction  

The pyrolytic method was employed to recycle metals and brominated compounds blended into printed circuit boards (PCBs).     

Anomalous low tropospheric column ozone over Eastern India during the severe drought event of monsoon 2002: a case study

Background, aim, and scope  

The present study is an attempt to examine some of the probable causes of the unusually low tropospheric column ozone observed over eastern India during the exceptional drought event in July 2002.     

Toxicity of pentachlorophenol to native aquatic species in the Yangtze River

Introduction  

While the literature is replete with studies of the toxic potency of pentachlorophenol (PCP), site-specific criteria for native aquatic species that can be used in ecological risk assessments has been lacking and application of toxicity information for non-native species is controversial.