城市生活垃圾理化特性研究

本文对北京昌平冬季城市生活垃圾的理化特性进行了研究。测定了垃圾的物相组成,分析了垃圾中Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｏ、Ｎ、Ｓ的含量,进行了原生垃圾浸出毒性试验,测定了垃圾的发热量及其它化学性能,为探索城市垃圾的减量化、无害化、资源化的技术途径提供了技术支持。     

城市生活垃圾厌氧消化技术

随着我国经济的发展。城市生活垃圾污染越来越严重。本文阐述了城市生活垃圾生物处理技术以及其特点。着重分析说明了厌氧消化的原理以及处理生活垃圾的影响因素，最后介绍了几种国外常用的厌氧处理工艺。     

城市生活垃圾处理现状分析及对策

通过对一些有代表性的城市生活垃圾处理现状及存在问题的分析，结合具体情况提出了城市生活垃圾处理的途径，为今后进行城市生活垃圾处理提供了参考。     

我国城市生活垃圾的处理与管理对策探讨

随着我国经济的快速发展，城市生活垃圾产生量日益增长，如何合理的处理及管理城市生活垃圾日益引起关注．本文通过对我国生活垃圾处理方式及发展趋势的分析，根据生活垃圾的特点及管理中存在的一些问题，提出了我国城市生活垃圾处理的发展趋势及相应的管理对策．     

城市生活垃圾分类处理机制研究

简述了城市生活垃圾分类处理的理论原则,对比分析了国内外城市生活垃圾分类处理在法律法规、资金保障措施、垃圾分类收集方式和全民环境意识教育4个方面的做法与特点。提出了健全垃圾分类处理体制机制,推进生产者延伸责任制模式,完善垃圾分类收运体系,提高全民环境意识水平的建议。     

对城市垃圾综合利用的探讨

介绍了城市生活垃圾的现状、特点以及对生态环境的影响，介绍了对城市垃圾综合利用的处理方法，针对回收利用中存在的问题，提出了相应的措施和对策。     

农村生活垃圾产生特征及分类收集模式

以南京市高淳县的一个村为研究对象,依托新建的农村生活垃圾分类收集系统,对该区域生活垃圾的产生量、组成成分及其动态变化进行了调查研究,从垃圾分类收集模式的运行效果和经济可行性对其进行了分析。结果表明,该地区农村人均垃圾产生量为0.4 kg/d ,但随季节有一定的波动,这主要是由食品类消费的季节性变动而引起。垃圾组成以有机垃圾为主,约占55%,可回收垃圾、其他垃圾和有害垃圾所占比例分别为30.5%、14.2%和0.34%。通过认真的宣传和指导,村民在较短的时间内基本都可以做到正确分类;垃圾分类收集系统的户均建设成本为21元,运行费用比分类收集前每户每月增加3.2元 。     

农村土壤利用城市生活垃圾施肥的调查研究

对城市生活垃圾和农村利用垃圾施肥及利用垃圾养殖蚯蚓的情况作了深入的调查研究.调查结果表明城市生活垃圾在一定条件下能为农业提供良好的有机肥料,改善农村土壤结构,提高土壤中多种肥分含量.根据本地城市生活垃圾特征和土地资源情况,堆肥和填埋相结合处理城市生活垃圾不失为符合山区实际的一种方法.     

应用微生物处理城市生活垃圾初探

我国多数城市被生活垃圾困扰，垃圾“围城”现象日趋严重，如何处置城市生活垃圾已成为各级政府亟待解决的问题，只有采用综合处理的工艺技术，才能使垃圾减量化，资源化，无害化，实现经济效益、环境效益、社会效益相统一。     

北京市废弃物处理温室气体排放特征

基于《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》推荐的方法,结合《省级温室气体清单编制指南（试行）》和《城市温室气体核算工具指南》的部分数据与核算范围,针对固体废弃物填埋、焚烧和废水处理等过程,核算了北京市2005-2014年废弃物处理过程中温室气体总排放量。结果表明：2005-2014年北京市废弃物处理过程温室气体总排放量呈逐渐上升趋势,2014年温室气体总排放量比2005年增长98%。10年间,固体废弃物填埋过程一直是最主要的温室气体排放源,到2014年排放量达到最大,为416.3×10⁴t二氧化碳当量（CO₂e）。废弃物填埋、废水处理和废弃物焚烧过程占总排放量的比例分别为78.5%（CO₂e质量分数,下同）、13.5%和8%。结合已有研究,系统优化国内7个典型城市废弃物处理温室气体排放因子,核算7个城市排放情况,并对比分析了北京市排放情况。     

Decision Analysis Methodology to Evaluate Integrated Solid Waste Management Alternatives

Value-focused thinking, a decision analysis technique, is used to produce a multiple-objective model that captures a site's municipal solid waste (MSW) management goals, objectives, and concerns in order to facilitate the evaluation of competing strategies. The model ranks competing MSW alternatives based on how well they meet the decision maker's strategic objective, a 20-year compliant MSW system. Sensitivity analysis is incorporated in the model to assess and illustrate the effects of changes in model objective weights and changes in model parameters. Overall, the model provides decision-makers with a decision tool to make a better decision when choosing a new MSW management strategy. The entire process is applied to a case study using Earekson Air Station, a remote U.S. Air Force installation.     

北京市生活垃圾中重金属元素污染特性调查

采用现场调研取样和理化分析检测的方法对北京市城区垃圾中重金属含量水平、主要污染元素和主要污染物进行测定,并在调查基础上提出北京市城区垃圾重金属污染的防治对策,为废弃物减量化、无害化与资源化提供依据。     

Characterization of the Leachate in an Urban Landfill by Physicochemical Analysis and Solid Phase Microextraction-GC/MS

The aim of this study is to evaluate extensively the characterization and identification of major pollutant parameters by paying attention to the organic chemical pollution for unregulated dumping site leachate in Eskişehir/Turkey. The study that is first and only one research has been very important data related with before new sanitary landfill site in Eskişehir city. For this purpose, in this study leachate samples were collected in-situ at monthly interval for a period of 8 months. Firstly, thirty three physicochemical parameters were monitored. Secondly, SPME technique was used for identification of organic pollutants. Meteorological data were also recorded for the same sampling period to correlate meteorological data and physicochemical parameters. Mean values are used in the correlation analysis. Correlation is shown only for the relationship between air temperature and NO₃ ⁻. No correlation has been found between rain and leachate quality parameters since the amount of rain was very low during the sampling period. However, analysis results were generally decreased in winter season when each parameter and each sampling point are examined separately. According to correlation between every parameter, especially solid content and dissolved oxygen concentration of leachate is affecting to other parameters. Also, sodium and potassium are changing proportionally with same parameters (suspended solids, fixed solids, dissolved oxygen) and high correlation between chloride and heavy metal concentration is showing. The results were statistically evaluated by use of SPSS 10.0 program. Second part of the study, the leachate was extracted by Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) technique and then analyzed. Of the methodologies tested in this study, the best one selected was based on 100 μ m polydimethylsiloxane coated fiber (PDMS), headspace with heating (Δ HS) sampling mode and an extraction time of 15 min. at a temperature of 50 ^o C. Thirty three organic compounds in leachate were identified by GC/MS.     

重庆市生活垃圾处理碳排放及影响因素分析

核算了 2007-2021年重庆市生活垃圾处理碳排放量,运用LMDI模型分析了重庆市生活垃圾处理碳排放的影响因素.结果表明:2007-2021年重庆市生活垃圾处理碳排放量表现出先增后降的趋势;经济产出效应、城市化率和常驻人口规模对垃圾处理碳排放始终起正向驱动作用,经济产出效应的驱动作用最大,贡献率达86.6％;生活垃圾处理结构强度对碳排放具有抑制作用,贡献率达-24.8％.利用灰色GM(1,1)模型预测出2022-2030年重庆市的垃圾清运量和垃圾处理碳排放量将持续走高.     

Monitoring quantity and characteristics of municipal solid waste in Dhaka City

A reliable estimate of the quantity of solid waste generation in the city is very important for proper solid waste planning and management. However, reported estimates of solid waste generation vary widely and lead to questionability. The reported values have been derived on the assumption of demography, standard rate of waste generation by households, density values, number of trucks engaged for waste transportation and monitoring of truck movement at dump sites, etc. This diverse nature of the available data and the question of accuracy necessitate a rigorous study that has tried to document the waste quantity in the recently formulated master plan of Dhaka City. The socio-economic parameters, behavioral characteristics, generation sources, seasonality, and per capita growth rate are considered in estimating the waste quantity along with its future projections. The findings from the estimation of waste quantities state that seasonal differences in the municipal solid waste stream are not substantial. The most seasonably variable material in the municipal solid waste stream is food waste. Residential waste is relatively homogeneous. Although there are some differences in waste generation depending on demographic and other local factors, most households dispose of essentially similar types of wastes. Variation occurs in waste composition dependent upon income levels and category of sources. Variation also occurs based upon the extent of source reduction and recycling opportunities. As opportunities exist to recycle wastes, the recycling facilities might have to grow at a similar pace to the generation of waste. Physical and chemical characteristics of solid waste are important to implement the waste disposal and management plan for the selection of resource and energy recovery potentials. A number of studies have been conducted to determine the composition of wastes including moisture content and calorific value. The data show that the moisture content in city waste is significantly higher and the calorific value is much lower, which determines the viability of composting or anaerobic digestions rather than waste combustion.     

炉排型城市生活垃圾焚烧炉排气中二(口恶)(口英)污染状况及存在问题

选择四种规模不同的炉排型生活垃圾焚烧炉,分别对其排放烟气中的二(口恶)(口英)进行测定,从不同炉排型垃圾焚烧炉二(口恶)(口英)的排放现状并结合实际调查结果表明,不同炉型的生活垃圾焚烧炉存在一些共性问题,尚需加强垃圾焚烧的炉前、炉中及烟气处理各个环节的运行管理.     

炉排型城市生活垃圾焚烧炉排气中二

选择四种规模不同的炉排型生活垃圾焚烧炉,分别对其排放烟气中的二     

Waste management modeling by MARKAL model: A case study for Basilicata Region

Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems which affects likewise urban, industrial and rural areas. Environmental planners, regulators and decision makers need reliable, scientifically based tools to find out strategies for controlling air pollution in a cost-effective way, taking into account the whole productive system. In this framework the basic elements of energy-environmental planning have to be extended to include also waste processing technologies amongst the usually considered pollution sources. Bottom-up optimizing models, based on linear programming techniques and customized for specific cases, represent a powerful tool in energy-environmental management. This paper focuses on the integrated modeling of material flows and energy system performed on a local scale case study (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy) using the linear programming model IEA-MARKAL. We have evaluated the feasibility of the model in representing the waste management system to estimate the environmental impact of the waste processing technologies in the context of the whole productive system. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to emphasize the connections between tariffs, waste disposal technologies assessment and atmospheric emissions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.