钱塘江流域生态功能区划研究

钱塘江是浙江省最大的河流和主要的水源地之一,流域内行政区域主要包括杭州市、衢州市、金华市、诸暨市(县级)和遂昌县,在浙江省可持续发展中居于重要的战略地位.系统分析了钱塘江流域生态环境现状、生态环境敏感性和生态系统服务功能重要性,结合区域经济社会发展特点,将钱塘江流域划分为20个生态功能区,指出了各功能区的保护措施和发展方向.同时,在流域生态功能区划的基础上,进一步划定了重要生态功能保护区,为明确钱塘江流域生态保护重点,统筹区域生产力布局和重大基础设施建设等提供了依据.     

重要生态功能区划方法研究——以南京市为例

提出了对城市范围内的重要生态功能区进行分类划定的方法，包括功能区的划分类型、边界确定的原则等，并以南京市为例，对其市域范围内的重要生态功能区进行了区域划分。     

浙江省县域生态环境功能区规划制定的思考

县域生态环境功能区规划是省级生态功能区划的具体落实,是县域环境决策和管理的重要依据.阐述了制定县域生态环境功能区规划的重要意义,提出了县域生态环境功能区规划的定位、规划原则与方法、分区规划的主要内容,以期为浙江省开展县域生态环境功能区规划提供参考.     

生态区划的原则及其特征

由于社会经济的发展和人口的急剧增加,使得全球和区域性的生态环境问题日益尖锐,从而严重地阻碍了经济的进一步发展。如何协调发展与环境保护之间的矛盾,维护区域经济的可持续发展,是当前亟待解决的问题。这就要求对区域生态环境问题的形成机制及其演变规律进行细致地研究,进而划分不同的区域,提出生态环境的整治方案,这正是生态区划的研究内容。本文对生态区划的目的、原则和依据、划分的指标体系、生态区划的要素及特征进行了详细的论述,同时指出在我国经济发展的今天进行生态区划的必要性和迫切性。     

国家级重点生态功能区的生态敏感性变化分析 ——以湖南省麻阳县为例

区域生态敏感性分析是划定国土生态空间、制定区域环境政策的重要参考依据之一.以湖南省麻阳县为例,通过构建区域生态敏感性评价体系,分析2009—2018年国家级重点生态功能区的生态敏感性变化情况,并依据生态敏感性特征划定研究区的生态空间.结果表明:(1)麻阳县2009—2018年综合生态敏感性等级不断提高,不敏感区和轻度敏...     

生态环境功能区规划中水环境容量分配方法探讨

水环境容量分配是生态环境功能区规划的重点.针对当前水环境容量分配中存在的问题,以生态环境功能区规划为基础,研究区域污染负荷和各水质控制点的响应关系,统筹考虑区域发展实际需求,采用线性规划法建立了满足科学性、公平性和经济性的生态环境功能区水环境容量优化分配方法.以浙江省龙游县为例,根据其生态环境功能区规划,以建立的优化分配方法对其区域水环境容量进行了分配.结果显示,所分配的水环境容量满足了各区域发展需求,表征分配公平性、科学性和经济性的水环境容量分配合理性指数(TCRI)达到了0.93.     

基于工作流的生态环境功能区规划管理业务规范化研究

环境管理业务规范化是实现环境规划管理信息化的前提与基础。以浙江省县级生态环境功能区规划管理信息系统建设为例,开展基于工作流的环境规划管理业务规范化研究,将环境规划管理业务分解成任务、角色、信息3个部分,建立3者间的关系模型,并根据浙江省县级环境保护组织管理构架的共性,建立了规范的、基础性的环境规划管理业务流程。     

国家海洋局：对生态脆弱区采取海区关闭制

为加强宏观调控,有效遏制近海生态环境恶化趋势,国家海洋局日前下发了《2008年海洋环境保护工作要点》,要求沿海地区落实生态调控措施,对于生态脆弱、污染突出、灾害频发的区域,可以采取特定时间内海区关闭制度,杜绝一切污染排放工程运转。国家海洋局强调,沿海省市要研究制定海洋生态功能区划和污染物排放削减控制规划,落实海域生态调控措施。     

辽宁省的碳赤字解决模式与生态环境效益研究

为解决辽宁省的碳赤字问题,比较了通过碳排放权交易(模式1)和通过营造碳汇林(模式2)两种模式的生态环境效益.结果发现:(1)2004、2005年辽宁省存在一定的碳盈余,但从2006年开始出现了碳赤字,而且碳赤字有逐渐增大的趋势,直到2012年才稳定下来;(2)虽然模式2的生态环境成本大于模式1,但营造的碳汇林具有巨大的...     

浙江省深入推进2009年生态环保工作

在浙江省委、省政府、环境保护部的正确领导下,在浙江省人大、政协、各地政府和相关部门的大力支持下,全省环保系统深入贯彻落实科学发展观,积极应对经济形势急剧变化对环保工作带来的挑战,正确面对环保工作和队伍建设面临的新情况、新问题,统筹协调、克难攻坚,如期完成了年初预定的各项目标任务.     

The response of epiphytic lichens to air pollution and subsets of ecological predictors: a case study from the Italian Prealps

We investigated the response of epiphytic lichens to air pollution, against the background of other ecological predictors in a prealpine heterogeneous area, using Non-Parametric Multiplicative Regression (NPMR). The best NPMR model for total lichen diversity according to N environmental predictors at tree level has a cross R(2)=0.709. It includes 10 variables, belonging to three different subsets of factors: two pollution-related factors (distance in meters from the road and from the cement factory); four stand-related (habitat, heat index, LAI and elevation) and four substrate-related factors (inclination, circumference and texture and tree species). Considering separately the effects of each subset on lichen diversity, substrate- and stand-related factors produce good models with similar cross R(2) (0.490 and 0.500, respectively), whereas pollution-related factors produce a model with a lower cross R(2) (0.340). Hence, we provide information to investigate the applicability of lichen biomonitoring to complex heterogeneous areas where standardized protocols are not reliable.     

Evaluation and dynamic prediction of ecological security from the perspective of sustainable development: a case study of Shaanxi Province,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - How to measure the overall level of regional social economy, resources, and environment and how to grasp the coordinated development between them has...     

Automated data analysis to rapidly derive and communicate ecological insights from satellite-tag data: A case study of reintroduced red kites

Analysis of satellite-telemetry data mostly occurs long after it has been collected, due to the time and effort needed to collate and interpret such material. Delayed reporting reduces the usefulness of such data for nature conservation where timely information about animal movements is required. To counter this problem, we present a novel approach which combines automated analysis of satellite-telemetry data with rapid communication of insights derived from such data. A relatively simple algorithm (based on radial and angular velocity calculated from fixes) allowed instantaneous detection of excursions away from settlement areas and automated calculation of home ranges on the remaining data. Automating the detection of both excursions and home-range calculations enabled us to disseminate ecological insights from satellite-tag data instantaneously through a dedicated web portal. The automated analysis, interpretation, and communication of satellite-tag and other ecological data offer clear benefits to nature conservation research and practice.     

基于水动力数值模型的港口规划累积影响评价

累积影响评价是战略环境评价的主要方法和重要内容之一,但目前还缺乏通用的评价程序和方法.通过识别港口规划的累积影响源和途径,建立了基于水动力数值模型的累积影响评价的量化评估和分析框架.以厦门港嵩屿港区规划为例,通过对海湾纳潮量及各敏感点流速的模拟,计算淤积量及其分布变化,进而推测海域水质和底质变化,并分析了由此引起的海洋生物群落的变化趋势.通过比较不同岸线方案的累积影响,为港区岸线优选提供了科学判据.实践表明,该方法框架综合运用定量预测和定性分析手段,其结果能为港口规划的战略环境评价提供科学依据.     

Data-driven evaluation framework for the effectiveness of rural vitalization in China: an empirical case study of Hubei Province

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rural vitalization (RV) has attracted more and more attention in China, especially since the Rural Vitalization Strategy (RVS) was proposed to...     

A case study for wintertime observation of atmospheric particulates by an eye-safe laser radar

Atmospheric particulates were monitored on a typical high concentration day in early winter in Osaka, Japan, using a compact and portable eye-safe laser radar system. The height of mixing layer was about 0.4 km at 8:00 and gradually increased to 0.8 km at 14:00. The development of the layer was in inverse proportion to the decrease of particulates near the ground surface. Analysis of particulates collected with high-volume air samplers showed that concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), lead and ammonium ion near the surface decreased significantly from morning to midday, while concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, sodium and calcium ions were almost constant. The results obtained in the preliminary study suggest that anthropogenic particulates such as EC and lead are on the rise with development of mixing layer from morning to midday.     

居民生活垃圾分类意愿及其影响因素对比研究 ——以长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区为例

以长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区的先行启动区为例,以家庭为单位进行入户调查,运用主成分分析法,探索居民参与垃圾分类的意愿及其影响因素的区域差异.结果表明:上海青浦区居民对垃圾分类的满意度、参与意愿和环境意识显著高于浙江嘉善和江苏吴江两地.总体而言,居民生活垃圾分类意愿主要受年龄、便利性认知、社区垃圾管理满意度和奖惩机制...     

Identifying problems for choosing suitable areas for installation of a new landfill through GIS technology: A case study

Selecting a suitable place to install a new landfill is a hard work. Bauru is a Brazilian municipality where the local landfill currently in use has a life span that is almost over, and the selection of a new area for a future landfill is crucial and urgent. Here we use a geographic information system (GIS) approach to indicate possible suitable areas for installing the landfill. The considered criteria were: river network and the respective buffer zone, relief, urban areas and their respective buffer zone, existence of Areas for Environmental Protection (AEPs), occurrence of wells and their respective buffer zones, existence of airports and their buffer zones, wind direction, and the road network and its respective buffer zone. Due the facts that (1) Bauru has an urban area relatively large in relation to whole municipal area, (2) Bauru has two airports, and (3) this area encompasses parts of three AEPs, the model showed that there are few areas suitable and moderately suitable in Bauru, and the greater part of the municipality is unsuitable to install a new landfill. Due to this important finding reported here, the local policymakers should consider the suitable or even moderately suitable areas for analysis in situ or look for other creative solutions for destination of the solid waste. We highly encourage the use of GIS in studies that seek suitable areas for future landfills, having found that SIG was a tool that allowed fast and precise work and generated an outcome sufficiently clear of interpretation.

Implications:?Solid waste (SW) management is one of the main environmental concerns nowadays. Landfilling SW is still the main practice to disposal of such material. However, for many regions, suitable places for landfilling are getting scarce. This study proved this situation for a populous place in a southeastern Brazilian region. This study also showed how the decision makers should manage the problem in order to minimize the amount of SW generated and delivered for the landfill. Massive investment in education is a critical issue to reach the proposed aim.     

Threat to food security under current levels of ground level ozone: A case study for Indian cultivars of rice

A higher ozone concentration in rural agricultural region poses threat to food production in developing countries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the growth, biomass accumulation and allocation pattern, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grains for two tropical rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L. cv NDR 97 and Saurabh 950) at ambient O₃ concentrations at a rural site in the Indo Gangetic plains of India.Percent inhibition in number of leaves was higher for NDR 97, but in leaf area for Saurabh 950 grown in non filtered chambers (NFCs) compared to filtered chambers (FCs). Higher inhibition in root biomass was recorded in Saurabh 950 and in leaf and standing dead biomass for NDR 97. During vegetative phase, relative growth rate showed more percent inhibition in Saurabh 950, but at reproductive phase in NDR 97. Net assimilation rate showed higher values for Saurabh 950 than NDR 97 in NFCs but percent inhibition in leaf area ratio was higher for former than latter cultivar in NFCs. The ozone resistance was higher in NDR 97 during vegetative phase, but in Saurabh 950 at reproductive phase. Number of grains was higher in NDR 97 than Saurabh 950, but test weight and weight of grains m^?2 showed reverse trends. Concentrations of starch, protein, P, N, Ca, Mg and K decreased, while reducing and total soluble sugar increased in grains of both the cultivars in NFCs compared to FCs. The study concluded that under ambient condition of O₃ exposure, the two cultivars responded differently. Saurabh 950 favoured biomass translocation priority towards ear in reproductive phase and hence showed higher resistivity due to maintenance of higher test weight. NDR 97, however, showed better growth during vegetative period, but could not allocate efficiently to developing ears, hence higher number of unfilled grains in NFCs led lower test weight.