煤炭自燃发火危险程度模式识别

对影响煤炭自燃发火的主要因素进行判断,分类评分:应用模糊数学理论,对采煤层自燃发火的危险程度进行识别。判定煤炭自然发火的危险程度,提供控制煤炭自燃发火的信息和决策依据。     

煤炭自然发火危险程度模式识别

对影响煤炭自发火的主要因素进行判断，分类评分：应用模糊数学理论，对采煤层自燃发火的危险程度进行识别。判定煤炭自燃发光的危险程度，提供控制煤炭自然发火的信息和决策依据。     

煤层自燃发火危险程度判断的专家系统CSBES

本文建立的CSBES(EXPERT SYSTEM OF COAL SELF-BURNING)系统是一个应用计算机对采区煤层自燃发火危险程度进行判断的专家系统。它可以根据影响煤层自燃发火的主要因素:煤的自燃倾向性、煤层的地质赋存条件、开采技术条件、通风条件和预防措施等进行主观判断,分类评分;应用模糊数学理论,运用逐步聚类分析法计算聚类中心;根据标准模式,对生产采区煤层自燃发火的危险程度进行综合预测,并建立相应的知识库。该系统用于分析阜新局某矿的煤层自燃发火情况,取得与实际相符的结论。一、煤层自燃发火危险程度评价指标的建立煤层自燃发火危险程度,受煤的自燃倾向性、煤层地质赋存条件、开采技术因素、     

采区煤层煤炭自燃发火危险模糊评价方法的研究

采区煤层煤炭自燃发火危险程度综合评价预测的目的是揭示煤炭自燃的规律,以采取相应的技术决策,控制煤炭自燃,减少损失,实现安全生产。 煤层自燃灾害的预测与防治技术的研究涉及到大量的信息处理问题,及信息处理所必须的数学分析与计算。然而,人们却很难找到一种有效的数学方法来处理这些系统的     

淮南矿区井下煤炭自燃火灾因素分析及防治措施

１９９０年以来,淮南矿区１１个矿井共发生自燃火灾４９起,自燃发火率平均为每百万吨习煤量０．５３次。通过对该矿区井下煤炭自燃因素和地质条件及开采中出现的自燃发火原因作了具体分析,从中找出发火规律;并对井下煤层自燃发火采取均压通风和直接灭火做了新的尝试,提出了对井下煤炭自燃防治措施。     

对山西煤管局井下煤炭自燃的预防对策

井下煤炭自燃发火是煤矿安全生产的重大隐患,防止自燃发火是矿井“一通三防”工作的主要内容之一。煤炭自燃的形成有三个因素:①煤体本身有自燃倾向性;②不断供给足够的氧气;③有蓄热条件。上述①是自燃的内在因素,属于煤炭本身的特性,②和③是自燃的外部因素。如果能够消除或减少②和③的作用,即使煤的自燃倾向性较大,也可以控制自燃。 为此,对山西煤管局所属煤矿发生的131起自燃发火情况进行了调查和分析,以     

煤炭自然发火事故树分析及预防

为了有效地控制煤炭自然发火,减少矿井火灾的发生,依据系统工程的原理,结合煤炭自燃的条件建立了煤炭自然发火事故树,求解得出了事故树最小径集,利用最小径集得出了各基本事件的结构重要度,从而定性分别对砌碹巷道煤炭自然发火事故、采空区(报废采区)遗煤自然发火事故、采空区(生产采区)遗煤自然发火事故、报废巷道与停工停风独头巷道煤炭自然发火事故进行了分析,得出了引起煤炭自然发火的主要原因,并针对其提出了防治煤炭自然发火的预防措施。     

采空区高硫煤层自燃机理及新型凝胶阻化剂的应用

煤炭自燃造成巨大的能源损失和环境灾害，为减少煤炭自燃，本文从分析采空区高硫煤层自燃机理人手，研究了凝胶阻化剂的综合防火机理，自主研制了新型凝胶阻化剂，在凝胶阻化剂的基料水玻璃中加入了石灰石。基于石灰平等互利高硫矿中的硫发生化学反应，从而从根本上降低了高硫矿的吸氧能力抑制了煤层的自燃发火。通过在矿山中进行应用，结果表明，该阻化剂能有效地阻止煤炭自燃，并且成本低廉。     

煤矿井下自燃火灾的图像识别及综合判据系统

煤矿自燃火灾的早期探测及预报是保证煤炭生产安全的有效手段。目前已有的各种预测预报技术,虽对煤炭自燃火灾的防治起到一定的作用,但对于不同煤质和不同地质赋存情况下的煤矿,单一探测方法的预测精度有限,在探测的准确性和有效性方面尚不能完全满足各种类型煤矿安全生产的需要。为了提高煤炭自燃灾害早期探测的可靠性,笔者提出一种以图像识别技术为基础的煤炭自燃发火探测方法,并进一步利用信息融合技术结合其他探测方法建立一套煤矿自燃发火综合判据系统,该系统有助于提高煤炭自燃预测的准确性,对煤矿的安全生产能发挥重要作用。     

赵家寨煤矿煤自然发火标志气体优选分级预警研究

为了有效实现赵家寨高地温煤矿二1煤层自燃预测预报,本论文采用程序升温实验,得到5组煤自然发火标志气体与温度关系,优选二1煤层自然发火标志气体,并根据现场实际情况,制定该矿的煤自燃分级预警表,提出对应防控措施。结果表明:CO气体出现时为缓慢氧化阶段,C_2H_4和C_2H_6气体出现时,进入快速氧化阶段,该煤层应该首选CO作为其煤自然发火主要标志气体,CO/CO_2作为其煤自然发火主要复合指标,并以C_2H_4和C_2H_6作为辅助指标,制定4级预警表,提出了各级煤炭自燃防控措施。研究成果对郑州矿区二1煤层Ⅲ类不易自然发火煤炭的自燃防控具有一定指导意义。     

煤炭自燃机理及防治技术分类研究

通过分析国内外学者对煤自燃机理的不同说法,提出了煤自燃过程的3个阶段,即潜伏阶段、自热阶段和自燃阶段,指出煤体要发生自燃必须具备4个条件:具有低温氧化性并以破碎的状态存在,有氧体积分数大于12%的空气连续通过,煤炭氧化所生成热量的速度大于散热的速度,上述3个条件同时存在的时间大于煤炭最短自然发火期等等.根据对煤炭自燃机理的研究,将防治技术措施按其作用机理可分为减漏风供氧、吸热降温和既能隔氧又能降温等3类.对防治煤炭自燃以及选择有效而可靠的技术措施具有积极的指导意义.     

基于神经网络的煤层自然发火的非线性预测

煤炭自燃是一典型的非线性现象。笔者论述了煤炭自燃的危害 ,从非线性理论的角度分析了煤炭自燃的本质特征 ;应用神经网络中BP网络这一高度非线性关系映射建立了自然发火预测模型 ,克服了传统预测方法的不足并在山东枣庄矿业集团公司柴里煤矿进行了预测分析 ,预测结果与验证结果基本吻合 ,取得了满意的效果 ,为解决煤炭自燃的预测提供了一条良好的思路和方法 ,具有较大的理论意义和应用价值。     

Numerical investigation and theoretical prediction of self-ignition characteristics of coarse coal stockpiles

Spontaneous combustion of coarse coal stockpiles in temporary coal storage yards was investigated numerically using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The main purposes of the numerical investigation were to identify the self-ignition characteristics of coarse coal stockpiles and formulate a theoretical model to predict the self-ignition time and locations of coarse coal piles. A mathematical model for self-ignition of coarse coal piles was developed and the process of spontaneous ignition of coarse coal stockpiles was simulated. The kinetic data of low-temperature oxidation reaction was obtained from the laboratory-scale experiments with bituminous coals taken from Jindi Coal Mine of Shanxi Province in China. The influence of moisture was ignored because the studied coal had low moisture content (mass concentration: 1.87%) and both coal and ambient environment were assumed to be saturated with moisture (or ambient environment was assumed to be dry). The effects of five variables (i.e. wind velocity, oxygen concentration, height, porosity, and side slope) on the spontaneous ignition in coarse coal piles were examined. Simultaneously, a theoretical prediction model was formulated in light of variable analyses and a great number of simulations.Compared to self-ignition characteristics of fine-particle coal piles, several self-ignition characteristics of coarse coal piles were identified by numerical investigation. Wind-driven forced convection plays a predominant role in self-heating of coarse coal piles. As wind velocity increases, the self-ignition location in the pile migrates from the lower part which is close to the surface of the windward side to the upper part near to the surface of the leeward side. Wind velocity increase exerts the positive or the negative effect on self-heating, which depends on a critical wind velocity value to sustain balances of both the heat and the availability of oxygen in the coarse coal pile. The behavior of self-ignition is remarkably sensitive to both oxygen concentration and height, and a coarse coal stockpile will not ignite spontaneously as long as one of two critical variable values is satisfied: oxygen concentration of 5% or height of 3 m. The theoretical prediction model suggests when and where countermeasures should be made to prevent the self-ignition in the coal stockpile with engineering accuracy.     

Comprehensive evaluation on self-ignition risks of coal stockpiles using fuzzy AHP approaches

Self-ignition in coal stockpiles is a serious economic, environmental and safety problem. Evaluation is an effective way to identify the self-ignition hazards in implicit environment of coal piles and provides a guide for countermeasures against spontaneous combustion in coal piles. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation system is proposed. The trapezoidal and the triangular extent fuzzy AHP methods are employed to handle the imprecision and uncertainty of the effects of factors. A coal stockpile stored at the Bulk Cargo Logistics of Tianjin Port of China and three coal piles in the Teruel basins of Spain are studied to demonstrate the validity of the index system and the effectiveness of fuzzy AHP approaches. The evaluated results indicate that the proposed evaluation system and approaches are valid and objective for evaluating self-ignition risks of coal stockpiles; compared with the trapezoidal fuzzy AHP method, the triangular extent fuzzy AHP approach is more effective to evaluate self-ignition risks of coal piles for the priorities of factors impacting self-ignition risks are highlighted by their weight comparisons' calculation using the triangular extent analysis. The comprehensive evaluation system is beneficial to manage self-ignition risks of coal piles from a holistic point of view and to establish an early warming system of self-ignition risks of coal piles.     

堆积状态下低品质煤临界自燃着火点测定与研究

为了研究低品质煤炭堆积状态下内部自热理论,采用临界自燃着火点理论和Frank-Kamenetskii 模型研究了煤堆内部热产生与热散失平衡理论以及煤堆表面的换热现象;并应用设计研发的煤堆热扩散率及温度监测实验装置和测定方法来评估低品质煤样（褐煤以及亚烟煤）临界自燃温度。结果表明:煤样堆积状态下临界自燃着火点温度可通过实验室内测定分析不同体积网框在不同环境温度条件下自热曲线得出;同体积条件下,临界自燃着火点随着煤品质的升高而增加;在140 ℃ 环境条件下,1#,2# 和3# 煤样在快速升温的前20 min内,温度变化趋势相似;在60~65 ℃,3种煤样出现温度转折点,升温速率开始减缓;根据煤样临界自燃着火点温度结合F-K热发火边界条件理论得出的堆积体积与着火点耦合关系式可预测大体积煤样自燃倾向性及临界自燃温度。     

Influence of inert materials on the self-ignition of flammable dusts

Flammable solid bulk materials, including dusts, often undergo spontaneous combustion and the spread of reaction fronts. By addition of inert substances, the ignition and combustion behavior can be influenced. In a series of experiments different types of coal were mixed with inert powders to study the effect of the composition on the self-ignition temperature and on the formal kinetic parameters.Hot storage tests as well as simultaneous-thermal analysis were used as experimental techniques with the latter being coupled to FTIR measurements to analyze the composition of gaseous reaction products.All conducted hot storage experiments led to the conclusion that the self-ignition temperature was increased by admixing inert material if the decomposition temperature of the inert matter was higher than the self-ignition temperature of the combustible component at the sample characteristic length. If (exothermic) decomposition of the inert material occurred before a noticeable growth of reaction rate of the combustible material, even a reduction in the self-ignition temperature could be observed. In addition, significantly higher maximum reaction temperatures were observed for the mixtures than for the combustible material alone.     

A study on the influence of liquid water and water vapour on the self-ignition of lignite coal-experiments and numerical simulations

The current paper presents experimental investigations as well as numerical simulations on the influence of water and humidity on the self-ignition of combustible bulk materials.It is well known, that bulk materials may undergo self-ignition if stored under specific conditions. In some cases, large amounts of these materials are exposed to a humid surrounding, e.g. dried coal in a moist atmosphere. Due to the effects of condensation and adsorption of water, additional heat is generated and transported into the bulk material. If the pile is stored slightly below its self-ignition temperature, the bulk material can become supercritical and an ignition occurs.Experiments were carried out for German lignite coal sampled in two different particle size fractions. They showed, that subcritical deposits turned to supercritical behaviour if the relative humidity in the surrounding was suddenly increased or water was poured on the surface of the sample. Besides the experiments, a numerical model was established to describe the effects of self-heating until ignition of the deposit, including the transportation of moisture. Simulations with this model led to satisfying results when compared to the experiments.     

A numerical model to simulate smouldering fires in bulk materials and dust deposits

A numerical model is presented which consists of a set of partial differential equations for the transport of heat and mass fractions of eight chemical species to describe the onset of self-ignition and the propagation of smouldering fires in deposits of bulk materials or dust accumulations. The chemical reaction sub-model includes solid fuel decomposition and the combustion of char, carbon monoxide and hydrogen.The model has been validated against lab-scale self-ignition and smouldering propagation experiments and then applied to predictions of fire scenarios in a lignite coal silo. Predicted reaction temperatures of 550 K and propagation velocities of the smouldering front of about 6 mm/h are in good agreement with experimental values derived from lab-scale experiments.     

煤矿井下隐蔽火源反演研究

煤矿井下由于煤炭自燃引发的火灾是煤矿生产过程中一大突出灾害,一旦发生火灾将严重影响煤矿的正常生产,这不仅威胁着井下人员的生命安全,还会给国家带来巨大的经济损失。由于矿井下隐蔽火源是引发火灾的重大因素之一,所以要更好的解决煤炭自燃而引发火灾的问题,重中之重就是对煤炭自燃隐蔽火源位置的确定。只有准确的确定了火源的位置,才能有的放矢地进行灭火。本文结合煤矿井下煤炭自燃发火的特点,建立数学模型,把煤矿井下隐蔽火源位置确定问题归纳为热传导方程的寻源反问题,利用离散正则化方法求解热传导方程,克服了反演问题的不适定性,并应用matlab进行了反演数值模拟,验证了利用离散正则化反演方法的实用性,为防火、灭火采取措施提供了依据,在理论上也具有一定的研究与应用价值。     

Experimental study on oxygen consumption rate of residual coal in goaf

In order to research the actual oxygen consumption rate of residual coal in goaf, the heating and oxidizing experiment was conducted respectively on five types of single particle size of coal samples and one hybrid particle size of coal samples by using self-developed CSC-B2 test system. This study measured inlet and outlet oxygen concentration of the oxidation tank, and calculated the oxygen consumption rate of each coal sample at different temperatures. For the residual coal in the same goaf, which is regarded as a hybrid particle size of coal consisting of a variety of single granularity of coal, its oxygen consumption rate is the mass weighted average of the rate of each particle size of coal. Accordingly, this paper established the equation of oxygen consumption rate of hybrid particle size of coal samples, taking into account temperature, granularity and oxygen concentration. Then comparison between the calculated value and the actually measured value of oxygen consumption rate of hybrid particle size of coal samples at different temperatures was conducted. And the results reveal that the calculated value basically coincide with the actually measured one. Moreover, the results prove that the established calculation formula for oxygen consumption rate can be used to accurately calculate the actual oxygen consumption rate of residual coal samples. The achievement of this research is of theoretical and practical significance for learning about the characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion and forecasting the self-ignition of residual coal in goaf.