秦皇岛市居民生活和公用事业用水量预测

本文在对“九五”期间秦皇岛市城市生活、公用事业水情况认真分析的基础上,按秦皇岛市“十五”计划和2010年远景目标对秦皇岛市2005年和2010年未来城市生活需水量和城市公用事业用水量进行了预测;同时对2020年和2030年进行了展望;综合分析预测的结果,提出了节水的建议,并对需水量的零增长期进行了预期分析。本文的研究结果对秦皇岛市水资源可持续利用及国民经济和社会发展规划的制订有积极的意义。     

解决乌鲁木齐地区供水短缺的方向与对策

随着乌鲁木齐城市建设的迅速发展，城市供水紧缺矛盾日益突出，通过对市区地下水资源量的计算评价，预测“九五”期间城市建设水资源供需前景，提出了几个可供开发利用水源地的供水水文地质条件和解决今后城市供水水源的方向与对策。     

建设节水型社会,保障城市水资源可持续利用

随着我国社会经济的快速发展，城市水资源供需矛盾日益尖锐。与此同时，由于人们节水意识不强、水资源浪费严重以及城市供水价格不合理、水资源管理体制不完善等因素的存在，致使水环境恶化趋势日益严重。针对城市水资源现状与存在的问题，应加强对城市水资源有效管理和保护的措施：强化水资源统一管理，改革水资源管理体制；优化环境，保护水资源；利用价格机制应对水资源浪费问题衍4用科技手段，大力推进节水技术的发展；积极提高中国水环境发展的公众参与意识。     

关于创建节水型城市的探讨

为了有效的缓解目前我国城市水资源严重短缺的现状，国家提出了大力创建节水型城市口号。为了对实践工作有一定的指导作用，本文重点对节水及节水型城市的内涵进行了剖析，特别对节水型城市内涵提出了自己的见解。以此同时，运用上述的理论，分析了目前我国在创建节水型城市工作中存在的主要问题，并结合国外节水的经验，提出了有建设性的几点建议。     

挖掘节能潜力 促进节能减排与节约型校园建设

编者按：节能减排是我国的一项重要国策，高校是引领社会发展的重要力量，也是建设节约型社会的重要领域。2008年12月，北京工业大学被中国城镇供水排水协会工作委员会评为“2008年全国城市节水工作示范校园”，让我们来看看北京工业大学是如何进行节能减排与节约型校园建设。     

我国城市供水发展特征分析

利用1993—2008年的统计数据,分析了我国城市供水的总体发展状况,并从水源、净水工艺、输配水管网、二次供水等方面考察了我国城市供水系统的特征,认为我国城市供水能力显著提高,供水和用水总量趋向稳定,人均综合用水量下降,城市生活用水成为城市供水的主要对象。但是城市依然面临着水资源短缺和水源污染的严峻形势,迫切需要在水源保护、净水工艺、管网改造、二次供水管理等方面有所作为,总结并提出我国城市供水系统进一步发展的政策建议。     

我国城市单元水资源开发战略与水环境保护对策研究

通过对我国北方城市延吉市的剖析,提出我国城市合理开发水资源保护水环境的对策,即实行地表水和地下水资源的联合调度;加强水利建设,多种渠道开发水资源,提高区域供水能力;对地下水资源强化科学管理,限量开采,维持采补平衡;实施节水工程;制定切实可行的水域污染治理方案规划;建设以保护水源为主体的生态保护区,开展区际合作;进行区域生态水文过程的修复与重建等。     

《太原市环境污染综合防治规划》的研究方法

一、规划研究的程序第一阶段:总体设计。制定整个规划研究工作框图,确定规划重点、区域范围、起止年限,确定规划依据和各规划年度的环境目标。第二阶段:基础数据的收集、分析与整理。第三阶段:建立预测模型(包括总量模型和浓度模型),进行模型验证和预测计算。第四阶段:建立规划模型,确定参数数值,进行方案设计、优化计算,组建综合防治体系。第五阶段:完成报告。包括污染综合防     

排污费的管理及几个关系问题——《关于排污费的使用与探讨》之三

三、排污费的管理及几个关系问题总结各地经验,管理方法要不断改进,主要抓住三个关键,改变三个“不管”,健全三个制度。 (一)要抓住三个关键。第一个关键是城市总体规划中的环境保护部分。不少城市已经编制了城市总体规划,明确了城市发展方针,重视解决环境污染问题,把环境保护规划作为城市总体规划的一个组成部分。我们要抓住环保规划的编制,通过对城市性质、污染状况和规划内容等情况的了解,掌握排污费的使用方向和资金需要总量,做到心中有数,工作有底。第二个关键是工业布局的调整。据了解,各省、市、县均已成立工业调整领导小组,并设有办公机构,对于工业企业的关、停、并、转,     

干旱区城市水资源的可持续利用--以包头市为例

分析、评述了包头市城市水资源开发、利用状况,揭示出开发、利用中存在的主要问题,并用供需平衡法预测了2005年、2010年规划年包头市城市水资源供需水平及水量余缺情况,提出了合理利用水资源的对策、措施.     

秦皇岛市水资源现状与可持续利用对策研究

随着社会经济的发展,水资源消耗日益增加,供需矛盾日益突出。秦皇岛市已面临水资源日益紧张的严峻形势,节流和开源,建立节水型社会体系,积极开发利用再生水、海水和雨水等非常规水源以及合理地配置和利用水资源,是实现秦皇岛市水资源可持续利用的有效措施。     

秦皇岛市工业企业需水量零增长预期分析

本文在对“九五”期间秦皇岛市工业用水情况认真分析的基础上,按照秦皇岛市“十五”计划和2010年远景目标对秦皇岛市2005年和2010年未来工业企业需水量进行了预测;同时对2020年和2030年进行了展望,综合分析预测的结果,提出了节水措施的建议,并对工业需水量的零增长进行了预期分析。     

对秦皇岛市水资源的再认识

本文对秦皇岛市的水资源进行了重新认识,指出在秦皇岛市特别的降水特征与地貌特征联合作用下,水资源表现出了它的特殊之处,惜用经济学上“可支配收入”一词的词意,对秦皇岛市水资源做了“可支配水资源”与“不可支配水资源”的鉴别,这将对制定秦皇岛市国民经济发展规划起到一定的积极作用。     

An online platform supporting the analysis of water adaptation measures in the Alps

Climate change may result in reduced water supply from the Alps – an important water resource for Europe. This paper presents a multilingual platform that combines spatial and multi-criteria decision-support tools to facilitate stakeholder collaboration in the analysis of water management adaptation options. The platform has an interactive map interface that allows participants to select a location of their interest within the Alpine Arc. By utilising the decision-support tool, stakeholders can identify suitable adaptation solutions for different geographical units, according to their experience and preference. The platform was used to involve experts across Alpine borders, domains and decision-making levels, as well as a group of university students. The experts favoured the planning instruments for saving water, while the students inclined towards the measures that would improve water conservation. The initial results confirmed the suitability of the platform for future involvement of decision-makers in spatio-temporal analyses of adaptation pathways in the Alps.     

Water Supply Planning Considering Uncertainties in Future Water Demand and Climate: A Case Study in an Illinois Watershed

Ensuring an adequate, reliable, clean, and affordable water supply for citizens and industries requires informed, long-range water supply planning, which is critically important for water security. A balance between water supply and demand must be considered for a long-term plan. However, water demand projections are often highly uncertain. Climate change could impact the hydrologic processes, and consequently, threaten water supply. Thus, understanding the uncertainties in future water demand and climate is critical for developing a sound water supply plan. In Illinois, regional water supply planning attempts to explore the impacts of future water demand and climate on water supply using scenario analyses and hydrologic modeling. This study is aimed at developing a water supply planning framework that considers both future water demand and climate change impacts. This framework is based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate the watershed hydrology and conduct scenario analyses that consider the uncertainties in both future water demand and climate as well as their impacts on water supply. The framework was applied to water supply planning efforts in the Kankakee River watershed. The Kankakee River watershed model was calibrated and validated to observed streamflow records at four long-term United States Geological Survey streamflow gages. Because of the many model parameters involved, the calibration process was automated and was followed by a manual refinement, resulting in good model performance. Long-range water demand projections were prepared by the Illinois State Water Survey. Six future water demand scenarios were established based on a suite of assumptions. Climate scenarios were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Projection Phase 5 datasets. Three representative concentration pathways (RCPs), RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, are used in the study. The scenario simulation results demonstrated that climate change appears to have a greater impact on water availability in the study area than water demand. The framework developed in this study can also be used to explore the impacts of uncertainties of water demand and climate on water supply and can be extended to other regions and watersheds.     

VALUING URBAN WATER ACQUISITIONS1

ABSTRACT: Municipalities typically seek additional water supplies whenever prospective population and economic growth suggests the inadequacy of currently available water supply. The benefit of supply enhancement is usually construed as avoiding debilitating water scarcity. A more effective approach to planning is to compare the benefits and costs of supply augmentation. The net present value of benefits for a supply increase in a representative Texas community is calculated for alternative scenarios relating to population growth, rate growth, and the temporal distribution of the increased supply. Consumer surplus measures are sensitive to all three of these factors and vary from $0 to over $4000 per acre-foot. A notable finding is that the added supply may offer zero values in cases where real water prices increase at an annualized rate of 4 percent (or greater) which is half the rate occurring in Texas from 1981–1985.     

A Level‐of‐Service Concept for Planning Future Water Supply Projects under Probabilistic Demand and Supply Framework

One of the most challenging tasks of water supply utilities is planning the timing and quantity of new water supply sources as demand for water consumption grows. Many water supply utilities target on meeting 100% of their customers' needs based on scenario‐based deterministic demand projections numbers even though there are uncertainties in both supply and demand values. This may result in under or overly conservative approach in assessing future needs. In this article, a level‐of‐service concept is introduced to capture a utility's willingness to accept a given level of risk, plan for it, and invoke a management strategy during extreme events than build a facility to accommodate those in planning for new water supply sources. Accounting for uncertainties in both supply and demand help quantify reliability by achieving a prescribed level of service. The major benefit of such an approach for planning future water supply is that it allows policy makers to evaluate the use of adaptive water management strategies and develop supply in an incremental fashion as demand warrants it. For example, if a given level of service cannot be reliably met with the existing system at a future time t, an incremental water supply project would come online to bring the required reliability level up but no more.     

秦皇岛市农村饮水安全状况调查与管理对策

秦皇岛市农村饮水安全状况调查结果显示,90％受访户采用家庭分散式浅井取水、100％的用户取水后以漂白粉消毒,但消毒剂的投加不规范。当地政府从未组织对水质进行安全检测,农村缺少污水处理和垃圾处理设施,缺少健全的供水管理制度并且饮水安全意识薄弱。可以从加大水利资金投入推进集约化供水、引进权责明晰的多元化管理制度、建立水源地保护和水质监测的长效机制、推进农村污染综合整治等方面解决农村饮水安全问题。加强饮水安全后续管理,推进社会主义新农村建设。