中国西部自然保护区与周边社区协调发展的研究

在分析了目前中国西部自然保护区建设和管理的质量问题基础上，认为推行社区参与保护区共管是提高保护区管护质量的首选途径，并系统阐明社区参与组成共管体系的原则和技术路线以及一些模式化成果。最后，指出在实施社区参与共管过程中存在的3个问题。     

秦岭保护区群生物多样性及其保护与发展研究

根据秦岭保护区群的生物多样性和保护管理现状 ,提出了加强保护区群生物多样性保护和促进保护区发展的对策 ,其主要措施为 :一、合理划分和调整功能区 ;二、强化内部管理 ,加强对自然资源的巡护、监测 ;三、协调周边社区关系 ,积极开展社区共管工作 ;四、加强对外合作 ,积极开展科学研究 ;五、开展环境教育 ,提高全民保护意识 ;六、开展资源适度开发利用 ,增强自养能力。     

秦岭保护区群生物多样性及其保护与发展研究

根据秦岭保护区群的生物多样性和保护管理现状，提出了加强保护区群生物多样性保护和促进保护区发展的对策，其主要措施为：一、合理划分和调整功能区；二、强化内部管理，加强对自然资源的巡护、监测；三、协调周边社区关系，积极开展社区共管工作；四、加强对外合作，积极开展科学研究；五、开展环境教育，提高全民保护意识；六、开展资源适度开发利用，增强自养能力。     

武夷山自然保护区资源管理中社区参与机制的探讨

武夷山自然保护区在处理自然保护与社区发展之间的关系以及推动社区参与保护区管理方面已取得了一些成功的经验。但是,从当地现有的社区参与管理的模式来看,不仅社区参与程度较低,而且在某种程度上处于被动参与状态,保护区缺少一种激励机制来引导群众自觉参与保护。作者提出了在保护区建立旅游股份合作制公司的构想,并阐述了其运行机制。     

武夷山自然保护区资源管理中社区参与机制的探讨

武夷山保护区在处理自然保护与社区发展之间的关系以及推动社区与保护区管理方面已取得了一些成功的经验。但是，从当地现有的社区参与管理的模式来看，不仅社区参与程度较低，而且在某种程度上处于被动参与状态，保护区缺少一种激励机制 导群众自觉参与保护。     

试论自然保护区与社区协调发展

概括了自然保护区与社区的统一性和矛盾 ,分析了自然保护区与社区协调发展存在的主要问题 ,提出了自然保护区与社区协调发展的途径与方法 ,总结了一些保护区与社区协调发展的有效模式 ,包括政区合署模式、协调机构模式、保护与扶贫相结合模式、经济上双赢模式和公众参与模式     

尚勇自然保护区周边地区社会经济现状及可持续发展对策

采用多种调查技术与方法 ,对尚勇自然保护区周边地区社会经济现状进行分析。该区存在群众文化素质偏低 ,医疗卫生状况较差 ,农业生产方式落后 ,保护区管理缺乏群众参与 ,保护区管理部门与周边乡村关系不够融洽等问题。针对这些问题 ,相应地提出了社区社会经济可持续发展的一系列对策     

试论自然保护区与社区协调发展

概括了自然保护区与社区的统一性和矛盾，分析了自然保护区与社区协调发展存在的主要问题，提出了自然保护区与社区协调发展的途径与方法，总结了一些保护区与社区协调发展的有效模式，包括政区合署模式，协调机构模式，保护与扶贫相结合模式，经济上双赢模式和公众参与模式。     

尚勇自然保护区周边地区社会经济现状及可持续发展对策

采用多种调查技术与方法，对尚勇自然保护区周边地区社会经济现状进行分析，该区存在群众文化素质偏低，医疗卫生状况较差，农业生产方式落后，保护区管理缺乏群众参与，保护区管理部门与周边乡村关系不够融洽等问题，针对这些问题，相应地提出了社区社会经济可持续发展的一系列对策。     

生态旅游对欧洲意味着什么?

欧洲公园联盟（EUROPARC）制定了保护区可持续旅游的欧洲宪章,来促进完善的公园管理.认证的一个主要条件是保护区应具有一个经与当地的代表旅游、资源保护区和社区利益的利害攸关者协商而精心制定的可持续旅游战略和行动计划.本文阐明了宪章制定的背景和一些有关的问题及教训.     

克百威农药对我国湿地鸟类的威胁及其对策

介绍了我国湿地鸟类就地保护现状以及克百威农药在我国的使用,对鸟类的毒性、毒害途径和主要影响区域.针对当前我国克百威农药使用量大,对湿地鸟类构成严重威胁的实际情况,提出了具体的保护对策,包括:筛选一批重要湿地自然保护区进行严格管护;筛选出我国首批禁用克百威农药的市、县;完善湿地鸟类保护与自然保护区法律法规建设;调整农药产品结构,示范推广高效低毒的新农药品种;提高自然保护区管理水平,对毒害鸟类案件严格执法;加强对农药销售和使用的管理.     

我国自然保护区有效管理现状及其分析

本文在对我国１０多个省（自治区）２ｏ多个自然保护区的实际调查和全国资料的统计分析基础上，从我国自然保护区的管理体制、管理机构建设、资源的保护与适度开发利用、科学研究与宣传教育等方面，全面分析了我国自然保护区有效管理的现状，总结了取得的成绩和存在的问题，并针对存在的主要问题，提出了相应的对策与建议。     

我国自然保护区级别划分标准的研究

本文在总结国内外自然保护区级别划分背景的基础上,根据我国自然保护区建设和管理的现状,提出保护区级别划分应遵循的原则,如以定性方法为主,与现行行政体制相一致等。根据这些原则,研究制定了我国自然保护区级别划分的标准。该标准将自然保护区划分为国家级、省级、市级和县级。并对其标准进行了详细描述和定义。此外,本文还对保护区级别划分的依据和确定保护区重要性的评价指标进行了阐述和讨论。此标准的研究对于当前我国自然保护区的建设和规范化管理具有重要的意义。     

我国自然保护区建设及其对生物多样性的保护

到1991年底,我国共建立各种类型自然保护区708个,总面积56066.6kha,约占国土面积的5.54％。本文从我国森林、草原、荒漠、内陆湿地和水域、海洋、海岸等生态系统类型自然保护区以及野生动、植物类型自然保护区的建设着手,全面分析了我国自然保护区建设对生物多样性保护的贡献和存在的不足。     

Conservation value of small reserves

The importance of large reserves has been long maintained in the scientific literature, often leading to dismissal of the conservation potential of small reserves. However, over half the global protected-area inventory is composed of protected areas that are <100 ha, and the median size of added protected area is decreasing. Studies of the conservation value of small reserves and fragments of natural area are relatively uncommon in the literature. We reviewed SCOPUS and WOK for studies on small reserve and fragment contributions to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services, and fifty-eight taxon-specific studies were included in the review. Small reserves harbored substantial portions (upward of 50%) of regional species diversity for many taxa (birds, plants, amphibians, and small mammals) and even some endemic, specialist bird species. Unfortunately, small reserves and fragments almost always harbored more generalist and exotic species than large reserves. Community composition depended on habitat quality, surrounding land use (agricultural vs. urban), and reserve and fragment size, which presents opportunities for management and improvement. Small reserves also provided ecosystem services, such as pollination and biological pest control, and cultural services, such as recreation and improved human health. Limitations associated with small reserves, such as extinction debt and support of area-sensitive species, necessitate a complement of larger reserves. However, we argue that small reserves can make viable and significant contributions to conservation goals directly as habitat and indirectly by increasing landscape connectivity and quality to the benefit of large reserves. To effectively conserve biodiversity for future generations in landscapes fragmented by human development, small reserves and fragments must be included in conservation planning.     

Temporal changes in giant panda habitat connectivity across boundaries of Wolong Nature Reserve, China.

Global biodiversity loss is largely driven by human activities such as the conversion of natural to human-dominated landscapes. A popular approach to mitigating land cover change is the designation of protected areas (e.g., nature reserves). Nature reserves are traditionally perceived as strongholds of biodiversity conservation. However, many reserves are affected by land cover changes not only within their boundaries, but also in their surrounding areas. This study analyzed the changes in habitat for the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) inside Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China, and in a 3-km buffer area outside its boundaries, through a time series of classified satellite imagery and field observations. Habitat connectivity between the inside and the outside of the reserve diminished between 1965 and 2001 because panda habitat was steadily lost both inside and outside the reserve. However, habitat connectivity slightly increased between 1997 and 2001 due to the stabilization of some panda habitat inside and outside the reserve. This stabilization most likely occurred as a response to changes in socioeconomic activities (e.g., shifts from agricultural to nonagricultural economies). Recently implemented government policies could further mitigate the impacts of land cover change on panda habitat. The results suggest that Wolong Nature Reserve, and perhaps other nature reserves in other parts of the world, cannot be managed as an isolated entity because habitat connectivity declines with land cover changes outside the reserve even if the area inside the reserve is well protected. The findings and approaches presented in this paper may also have important implications for the management of other nature reserves across the world.     

基于IUCN保护区分类系统的中国自然保护区分类标准研究

在总结实施我国自然保护区分类标准的经验和问题的基础上,依据中国自然保护区建设的现状和特点,借鉴IUCN保护区分类系统,提出了中国新的自然保护区分类标准,并据此对已建自然保护区进行了重新分类,以期促进我国自然保护区建设管理工作以及国内外的信息交流。     

新西兰保护区管理及其对中国的启示

在分析了新西兰保护区的管理体系、管理模式、法律政策和资金来源基础上，从建立完善的保护区管理体系、完善法律政策、有节度的开放式管理、公众参与、加大保护区科研投入以及资金筹集与国际合作6方面探讨了新西兰保护区管理的成功经验对中国的启示。     

Effects of protected areas on survival of threatened gibbons in China

Establishing protected areas (PAs) is an essential strategy to reduce biodiversity loss. However, many PAs do not provide adequate protection due to poor funding, inadequate staffing and equipment, and ineffective management. As part of China's recent economic growth, the Chinese government has significantly increased investment in nature reserves over the past 20 years, providing a unique opportunity to evaluate whether PAs can protect threatened species effectively. We compiled data from published literature on populations of gibbons (Hylobatidae), a threatened taxon with cultural significance, that occurred in Chinese reserves after 1980. We evaluated the ability of these PAs to maintain gibbon habitat and populations by comparing forest cover and human disturbance between reserves and their surrounding areas and modeling the impact of reserve characteristics on gibbon population trends. We also assessed the perspective of reserve staff concerning PA management effectiveness through an online survey. Reserves effectively protected gibbon habitat by reducing forest loss and human disturbance; however, half the reserves lost their gibbon populations since being established. Gibbons were more likely to survive in reserves established more recently, at higher elevation, with less forest loss and lower human impact, and that have been relatively well studied. A larger initial population size in the 1980s was positively associated with gibbon persistence. Although staff of all reserves reported increased investment and improved management over the past 20–30 years, no relationship was found between management effectiveness and gibbon population trends. We suggest early and emphatic intervention is critical to stop population decline and prevent extinction.     

西部地区环境政策与环境管理能力建设刍议

为促进西部大开发战略的实施和西部地区可持续发展 ,就西部地区环境政策框架和环境管理能力建设两方面进行了初步研究 ,提出了一些建议