"南泰27"火灾事故分析及有关问题的探讨

通过对“南泰27”轮载运集装箱危险货物发生火灾事故的调查处理和事故分析,提出了加强管理的对策和处置此类事故中应注意的问题。     

群死群伤火灾事故成因分析——轨迹交叉论分析吉林省辽源市中心医院"12.15"特大火灾

运用轨迹交叉论分析了吉林省辽源市中心医院"12.15"特大火灾,指出事故的直接原因为人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态,间接原因为管理缺陷,并分析了基础原因,同时根据轨迹交叉论模型.提出了防止事故发生的措施,对指导消防监督管理工作的有效进行具有重要意义.     

"顽固不化"又何妨

一位安全员对事故原因的分析与追究非常执着,使得有些人耿耿于怀.有一次,朋友劝他:年龄大了,应该学"乖"了,不要顽固不化再得罪人了,可他说:"那样我就不配当安全员了!我坚信,事故原因没有查清楚,就必然要重复发生;即使不发生相同事故,也会发生其他事故,因为当事人没有汲取教训.无论什么人、什么事都阻挡不住我,无论有人说什么,我都不在乎"     

从"环大西洋"号海难事故谈起

巴西海顺远洋运输公司曾经有一条引以为豪的海轮,名叫"环大西洋"号,后因一次海难事故而永远沉没于大海.为了使公司员工永远记住那段伤心的往事,避免同类事故再次发生,该公司门前至今仍树立着一块5 m×2 m的石碑,上面刻着那段令人悲痛而又发人深省的事故.分析研究这起事故,有助于我们重新认识安全管理工作的重要性,进一步检讨管理方法,完善管理措施.     

将"失"变成"得"是办法

近闻 ,某供电局领导在安全工作总结会上说 :“去年底 ,有一单位在施工中发生一起倒杆伤人事故 ,政治上经济上损失不少。我们接到事故通报后 ,及时组织相关人员学习讨论 ,并对照检查 ,吸取教训 ,采取了防护措施 ,我们单位至今未发生类似事故。所以 ,今年应该总结的经验首要一条就是将别人的‘失’、变成自己的‘得’”。一番话说得与会者频频点头。将别人的“失”变成自己的“得” ,可谓是该单位在实践中得出的一条成功的经验 ,可喜可贺。然而 ,令人遗憾的是 ,有些单位并非如此。出了事故 ,明明是自己的“失” ,却不能认真地分析“失”的原因…     

"利达洲18"轮污染事故应急处理与思考

结合“利达洲18”轮溢油事故全过程,分析了应对突发性油污染事故存在的问题,提出了相应的意见和建议。     

扬州制药厂"2·1"氢气钢瓶爆炸事故分析及其预防

针对扬州制药厂 " 2.1" 氢气钢瓶爆炸事故 , 从 " 人、机、料、工艺条件、操作环境 " 5个方面查找出事故原因 , 并提出预防措施和对策 .     

事故调查与分析管理要点

结合企业事故管理实际,从事故调查与分析的目的出发,就如何开展好事故的调查与分析以及有效推进事故改进措施的落实进行探讨。内容涵盖企业事故调查制度建设、事故调查时机把握、事故分析方法选择、事故改进措施落实等多个方面,从多个维度阐述企业在事故调查与分析方面的管理策略和要点。     

浅谈安全作业"三要素"

早期安全管理主要是针对发生的事故找原因、查责任、抓整改,以避免类似事故的再次发生;而现在安全管理突出的是事先管理,即预防在前管理法,重点是在日常安全管理中将工作中的危害识别出来,逐一进行防范,减少事故的发生几率,实现了从补救型管理向预防型管理的转变,减少了事故的发生。     

"威望"号轮油污事件对航运业的警示

通过对“威望”轮油污事件的分析，提出当务之急是从有关薄弱环节着手，强化安全责任链意识和机制，创建船舶安全信息保障系统，常抓不懈，跳出事故周期律等的相应对策，以遏止目前海上频发的油轮事故。     

Experimental investigation of the effect of sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied in this study both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final (equilibrium) concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency) and is comparable to natural surface water conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment, and in particular the adsorption rate, is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

Composition analysis of colored dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake based on three dimension excitation-emission fluorescence matrix and PARAFAC model, and the potential application in water quality monitoring

Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis （CODCr and BOD5） and measurement of three dimensional excitation-emission matrix （3DEEM） spectra in the laboratory have been conducted. Using parallel factor analysis （PARAFAC） model, three components of colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） have been identified successfully, based on the analysis of 3DEEM data. The characteristics of the three components also have been described by comparing them to some components of CDOM, identified in earlier researches. Meanwhile, spatial variations of concentration for the three components in Taihu Lake have been analyzed, and the result indicates that the concentration of component 1 depends more on the situation of wastewater pollution and can be used as the indicator of wastewater pollution. The relationship between the concentrations of the three components and results of the wet chemical analysis show that none of the three components can be used as indicators of gross organic matter in water. However, the concentrations of all the three components have obvious linear relationships with the BOD5 value, especially for component 1 （r = 0.72878）. Finally, the potential applications of the composition analysis based on 3DEEM and PARAFAC model in water quality monitoring have been illuminated.     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.     

中国资源型城市的高质量发展：困境与突破

资源型城市的高质量发展具有重大的战略意义。为清晰认识中国资源型城市转型存在的问题以及高质量发展的路径,邀请来自不同领域的十位专家就当前资源型城市高质量发展的主要困境与突破路径等研究前沿进行访谈,访谈结果表明：中国资源型城市转型取得了巨大成绩,但距离高质量发展的要求仍有较大距离,突出表现在经济发展仍未能摆脱资源依赖的发展路径、推动高质量发展的新要素集聚偏弱和碳减排目标下资源型城市的内、外部均面临着巨大的压力;新时期需要重新认识资源型城市的作用和地位,提升资源型城市保障国家资源能源安全的能力;在深刻把握传统资源禀赋概念内涵基础上实现对新资源体系的再认知,注意挖掘新资源,充实资源型城市研究的新知识体系;要针对不同类型的资源型城市的发展条件,分类施策,因地制宜推动资源型城市的创新发展;要继续提高经济增长的就业弹性,增强经济发展拉动就业的能力,并充分重视就业机会的创造和培育;要加快探索绿色、高效的转型发展道路,同步实现“存量”的绿色化和“增量”的绿色性;要综合考虑资源型城市开发基础和要素资源条件,从传统的“增长和扩张型”转变为“高效增长与精明收缩结合型”发展模式;要整合新数据与新技术方法科学/智...     

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and heavy metals on soil and its components

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and two typical metals (copper and silver) on black soil and its components (kaolinite and humic acid) were investigated. It was found that because of their different valences and properties, Cu²⁺and Ag⁺ presented different effects on the sorption of mefenacet. Due to the competition of Cu²⁺, along with the shells of dense water formed by its surface complexation, for sorption surface area with mefenacet, the addition of Cu²⁺ decreased the sorption amount of mefenacet on soil and its components, especially on humic acid. However, the addition of Ag⁺ significantly enhanced the sorption of mefenacet, which was attributed to the softness of the cation that weakened the hydrophilicity of the local region around Ag⁺-complexed functionalities, and thus mitigated the competitive sorption of water. In addition, the sorption of mefenacet on soil with or without the two metals was generally decreased with increasing pH, which was caused by the hydrolysis of carbonyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the sorbents, π-π interaction between mefenacet and the soil organic matter, and so on. On the other hand, the presence of mefenacet seemed to have little effect on the sorption of Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺, indicating that Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺ might be sorbed strongly on the tested sorbents and the mefenacet added was too low in concentration to affect the sorption of the metals.     

厌氧氨氧化过程中COD及pH与基质浓度之间的关系

分析了上向流厌氧氨氧化生物滤池中氮素化合物浓度、COD和pH变化规律以及ANAMMOX活性和生物量的分布规律,利用数理统计的方法研究了厌氧氨氧化过程中COD和pH与氮素基质浓度之间的关系.结果表明,溶解氧和氮负荷的共同作用使得ANAMMOX活性和生物量的分布沿滤层深度呈"山脊"状不均匀分布;异养反硝化的存在和H+的消耗使得厌氧氨氧化过程中COD和pH分别呈降低和升高趋势;100 mg/L以下的有机物浓度对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响不大,且COD和pH与基质NH4+-N浓度之间呈良好的线性相关关系.本试验中COD-NH4+-N和pH-NH4+-N拟合直线的斜率分别为1.113 8±0.052 2和-0.111 3±0.001 2,置信度为95%,平均相关系数R2分别为0.982 3和0.985 0.     

基于电子鼻土壤与地下水污染修复现场TVOC和恶臭的评估

根据上海某土壤与地下水污染修复现场情况,应用自主研发的电子鼻系统(iSA-M1)分别对未修复及修复过程中的土壤和地下水、修复场地上空及周边空气中的VOCs和恶臭类气体进行检测.结合前期研究所得TPI和OPI公式,求得各点的值,并将其用图表示.结果表明:①修复后TVOC和恶臭的浓度总体呈下降趋势;②在土壤和地下水修复过程中,VOCs和恶臭的挥发受气象要素和作业的影响,其浓度在总体下降的过程中伴随着阶段性上升现象;③结合GIS技术,电子鼻能初步用于评估土壤和地下水修复现场造成的空间污染情况及对周围居民产生的影响.但造成影响程度的具体细化分级还需要进一步研究.     

汽车排气尾流中微粒分布及其变化特性的研究

根据微粒核化、凝并及凝结模型对汽车排气尾流中微粒分布的变化特性进行了分析.结果表明,微粒的核化增加了排气尾流中超细微粒的数量;微粒的凝并和凝结将改变排气尾流中的微粒分布.在核化、凝并及凝结过程同时存在时,核化对微粒分布的影响相对较小,微粒分布的变化主要受凝并和凝结的作用.在排气管出口处,微粒的核化、凝并及凝结过程比较剧烈,微粒分布变化较大;随着距排气管出口距离的增加,微粒演变逐渐减弱.研究工作可以为汽车排放控制策略的确定以及汽车微粒对人体健康影响的研究提供依据.     

滑坡位移的时序分析——以楚勐公路K64+200～K64+228路基滑坡为例

基于楚勐公路K64+200～K64+228路基滑坡位移观测资料,运用分形几何中的时间序列分析方法对滑坡位移变化规律进行深入研究,发现滑坡位移的赫斯特指数H与时间相关函数C(t)随着滑坡失稳程度的加剧呈现明显的下降趋势.研究表明:①2010年1月至7月,ZK2、ZK10和 ZK11的月均位移处于递增状态,位移的H与C(t...     

野生动物资源的保护与持续利用

本文从非洲南部的大象、澳大利亚的大袋鼠到北美的野生动物管理体制、欧洲的野生动物狩猎、新西兰草地牧业的转轨,回顾了世界野生动物利用与保护的历史。并追溯了我国古代野生动物管理思想,以黄羊、虎两个实例,分析了我国野生动物资源濒危的原因与现状。最后,探讨了野生动物资源保护与开发的辩证关系,提出了野生动物利用分为开发初期、过度开发期、保护恢复期及持续利用期,目前我国野生动物资源正处于保护恢复期。