Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...     

好氧颗粒污泥细菌藻酸盐对Cu~(2+)的生物吸附和机制探讨

以好氧颗粒污泥中提取的细菌藻酸盐为原料制备干藻酸钙吸附剂,对水溶液中的Cu2+进行了吸附研究.对比了不同pH值和吸附剂投加量对吸附性能的影响,同时对吸附过程进行了模型拟合,测定了该吸附剂的解吸性能,并用傅立叶变换红外二阶导数光谱和原子力显微镜分析对吸附机制进行了探讨.结果表明,藻酸钙对Cu2+的吸附反应是一个比较快速的过程.当Cu2+初始浓度为100 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为0.7g/L时,吸附最佳pH值为4,吸附能力为67.67 mg/g.吸附过程可用Langmuir和Freundlich模型来描述.好氧颗粒污泥藻酸钙吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附过程中有离子交换和pH值升高现象发生,溶液中的Cu2+与吸附剂上Ca2+交换的同时需要有H+的参与来维持电荷平衡.傅立叶变换红外二阶导数光谱和原子力显微镜分析表明,好氧颗粒污泥藻酸钙吸附剂中MG嵌段与Cu2+和Ca2+结合的方式不同,Cu2+能与吸附剂表面的MG嵌段发生螯合,使藻酸钙表面的结构更加有序.以100 mmol/L HCl为解吸剂,解吸效率可达到91%.     

三乙烯四胺改性风化煤对废水中Ni2+的吸附机制

为提高风化煤对Ni2+的吸附性能,以XWC（新疆风化煤）为基体,TETA（三乙烯四胺）为改性剂,采用交联反应联合超声波振荡制备ACA（胺化煤基吸附剂）,利用SEM（扫描电镜）等手段对其进行表征,并考察了体系pH、吸附剂用量、反应时间及溶液初始ρ（Ni2+）对吸附过程的影响,通过吸附动力学和吸附等温模型对吸附机制进行描述.结果表明,TETA中的多乙烯多胺基成功接枝到煤粉表面使风化煤的表面颗粒增多,比表面积由6.875 m2/g减至3.440 m2/g,孔容由0.011 cm3/g减至0.005 cm3/g.在pH为8.0、ACA用量为0.4 g时吸附效果最好.ACA和XWC对Ni2+的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学方程及Langmuir吸附等温模型.拟合得ACA的饱和吸附量为188.68 mg/g,较改性前提高了5.1倍.研究显示,ACA处理ρ（Ni2+）范围为200~1 000 mg/L的废水时,对Ni2+的去除率稳定在95%以上.      

基于微分代数方法的生物除磷模型参数结构可识别性研究

通过将微分代数方法应用于异养菌生长Monod模型和生物除磷亚模型参数结构可识别性研究,探讨了该方法的适用性.结果表明,本研究提出的算法计算过程清晰、系统化,可以实现计算机编程自动运算;在文献中方法很难进行生物除磷亚模型参数结构可识别性研究时,采用本算法也能得出结果.本研究为活性污泥模型参数结构可识别性研究提供新的方法,并对除磷过程参数估计优化实验的设计有重要的指导意义.     

巯基乙胺改性蛭石对水体中Ag(I)的吸附性能研究

用巯基乙胺(MEA)来改性天然蛭石,并利用FTIR、BET、TG-DSC等手段对蛭石和改性蛭石进行表征,分析结果显示MEA成功负载到蛭石上.同时,研究改性蛭石对Ag+的吸附性能,结果表明,经过巯基乙胺改性后蛭石的吸附能力得到较大提升Ag+的去除率从20%提升到79%,吸附大约在200min达到平衡,吸附剂最佳投加量为2g/L左右,pH值在6~12范围内都有较好的吸附效果.Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型能够很好的解释VER和MEA-VER对Ag+的吸附过程.VER和MEA-VER对Ag+的吸附机理主要有电荷吸附和配位吸附.     

Removal of heavy metals from artificial metals contaminated water samples based on micelle-templated silica modified with pyoverdin I

The micelle-templated silica (MTS) was firstly chemically modified with 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) before immobilized with pyoverdin I. The characteristics of pyoverdin I-anchored onto the modified MTS were investigated using fluorescence, infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy. The specific surface area of all materials was calculated by Bnmauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method using nitrogen isotherm adsorption data. As the results, the surface area of commercial silica gel decreased from 609.2 to 405.4 m2/g, it indicated that the pyoverdin I could be immobilized onto the surface of silica solid support. This adsorbent was used for extraction of Fe(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), and Pb(Ⅱ) in artificial metals contaminated water. Experimental conditions for effective adsorption of trace levels of metal ions were optimized with respect to different experimental parameters using batch procedure. The optimum pH value for the removal of metal ions simultaneously on this adsorbent was 4.0. Complete desorption of the adsorbed metal ions from the adsorbent was carded out using 0.25 mol/L of EDTA. The effcct of different cations and anions on the adsorption of these metals on adsorbent was studied and the results showed that the proposed adsorbent could be applied to the highly saline samples and the sample which contains some transition metals.     

磁性纳米复合吸附剂PFM对铜的吸附性能与吸附机理研究

制备了磁性纳米复合吸附剂PAM@Fe₃O₄/MnO₂(PFM),用于含铜废水的吸附实验研究,考察了吸附剂投加量、重金属溶液初始浓度、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明:磁性纳米复合吸附剂PFM可有效去除水中的铜离子,在Cu2+浓度为50 mg/L,pH为6.0,吸附剂量为1.6 g/L的条件下,在400 min达到吸附平衡,吸附容量可达到30.29 mg/g,Cu2+去除率可达到97%。吸附-再生循环实验证实PFM具有良好的再生性能,在去除Cu2+方面具有很好的实际应用前景。VSM分析表明:纳米PFM具备超顺磁性和铁磁性的优势;PFM的XRD图谱显示,PAM附着于纳米Fe₃O₄/MnO₂表面,增强了其与溶液中金属离子接触的表面积,有利于对金属离子的吸附;在纳米PFM吸附剂的FTIR中出现PAM中的酰胺键,印证了Fe₃O₄/MnO₂与PAM成功制备为磁性纳米复合吸附剂PFM。     

新型分离富集剂对重金属离子吸附能力的研究

本文从静态和动态两个方面探讨了各种实验条件对新型分离富集剂吸附能力的影响。结果表明:在静态条件下,Cd~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附平衡时间为1h,Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)为1.5h;富集剂对上述几种离子的吸附速度的顺序是:Pb~(2+)>Cu~(2+)>Zn~(2+)>Cd~(2+);当[Mg~(2+)]<200mg/L,[Ca~(2+)<400mg/L,[K~+]<350mg/L时,此三种金属离子不会干扰对Cu~(2+)的吸附。对于动态吸附,当吸附剂用量为0.1g(对Hg~(2+)),或0.15g(对Cu~(2+)),pH为0.3—8(对Hg~(2+)),3～8(对Cu~(2+))及流速>7mL/min(对Hg~(2+)),或≤10mL/min(对Cu~(2+))时,本富集剂可完全吸附上述两种物质。另外,此富集剂的饱和吸附量为巯基棉的3—20倍,具有很高的吸附能力和很好的稳定性。     

磁性有序介孔碳的制备及其对水中双酚A的吸附

采用水热法成功制备了磁性有序介孔碳（Fe-OMC）,用于吸附水中双酚A （BPA）.采用高倍投射电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、比表面积分析仪和振动样品磁强计对Fe-OMC进行表征.结果表明,该吸附剂具备较大的比表面积、独特的有序介孔孔道结构、丰富的含氧官能团以及较强的超顺磁性.Fe-OMC能够高效地吸附去除水中的BPA,平衡吸附量可达72.62mg/g,经过外加磁场分离回收后依旧具备较好的吸附性能.随着BPA浓度从1mg/L提高到20mg/L,其平衡吸附量由8.33mg/g增至91.78mg/g.随着pH值的升高呈现出先降低后升高再降低的趋势,最高吸附量出现在pH=8（75.34mg/g）.Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型进行描述.计算的热力学参数表明,Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程是自发进行的放热过程.     

磁性有序介孔碳的制备及其对水中双酚A的吸附

采用水热法成功制备了磁性有序介孔碳（Fe-OMC）,用于吸附水中双酚A （BPA）.采用高倍投射电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、比表面积分析仪和振动样品磁强计对Fe-OMC进行表征.结果表明,该吸附剂具备较大的比表面积、独特的有序介孔孔道结构、丰富的含氧官能团以及较强的超顺磁性.Fe-OMC能够高效地吸附去除水中的BPA,平衡吸附量可达72.62mg/g,经过外加磁场分离回收后依旧具备较好的吸附性能.随着BPA浓度从1mg/L提高到20mg/L,其平衡吸附量由8.33mg/g增至91.78mg/g.随着pH值的升高呈现出先降低后升高再降低的趋势,最高吸附量出现在pH=8（75.34mg/g）.Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型进行描述.计算的热力学参数表明,Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程是自发进行的放热过程.     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by calcium alginate immobilized kaolin

Kaolin has been widely used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the lower heavy metal adsorption capacity of kaolin limits its practical application. A novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate immobilized kaolin (kaolin/CA), was prepared using a sol-gel method. The e ects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature on Cu2+ adsorption by kaolin/CA were investigated. The Langmuir isotherm was used to describe the experimental adsorption, the maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the kaolin/CA reached up to 53.63 mg/g. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and endothermic process.     

脱硫石膏基羟基磷灰石对Cu2+吸附性能的研究

以燃煤电厂废弃物脱硫石膏(FGD)为主要原料,利用水热合成法制备羟基磷灰石(FGD-HA),利用XRD和SEM对FGD-HA的物相组成和微观形貌进行了分析和观察.通过静态吸附实验研究了吸附动力学、吸附等温线以及吸附热力学.结果表明,伪二级动力学模型相关系数为0.9998,是描述FGD-HA吸附Cu2+的最佳动力学模型,Cu2+在FGD-HA上的吸附平衡符合Langmuir等温线模型(R2=0.9846),热力学表明此吸附是自发吸热的过程.利用响应面分析法对Cu2+的吸附条件进行优化,得出投加量3.11g/L、pH值4.96、温度22.09℃、Cu2+初始浓度24.75mg/L为最佳吸附条件,此条件下Cu2+去除率预测值为100%,相同条件下开展的验证实验结果为97.4%,与预测值相接近说明模型的选择是实际可行的.     

基于建筑废弃物的轻石制备及其对重金属的吸附性能

利用废弃玻璃和水泥块制备一种新型轻石,研究了其对Cr3+、As3+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附效果及吸附竞争影响。采用吸附动力学模型、吸附等温模型和傅里叶红外光谱研究其吸附作用,并考察了轻石的循环使用性能。结果表明:轻石对Cr3+、As3+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附量分别为64,110,79,161,161 μg/mg;轻石吸附重金属主要与其表面的官能团和化学键有关,吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线均可由Langmuir和Freundlich模型较好模拟;当5种重金属共存时,吸附竞争性。5种重金属离子的去除率顺序为Cr3+＞Cu2+＞Zn2+＞As3+＞Pb2+;使用0.1 mol/L的HCl作为解吸剂,轻石经过6次循环使用后,5种重金属的去除率仍在50%以上,说明新型轻石具有良好的吸附性能和循环使用性能,所制备的新型轻石吸附剂符合当下"以废治废"的治理趋势,具有广阔的应用前景。     

支化聚乙烯亚胺功能化磁性纳米吸附剂的制备及对Cu2+的吸附研究

为解决水体中重金属Cu²⁺污染,本研究首先采用水热法制备得到超顺磁四氧化三铁纳米粒子,然后使用对Cu²⁺具有强络合作用的含有丰富氨基官能团的支化聚乙烯亚胺接枝到纳米粒子表面,得到Fe₃O₄@BPEI磁性纳米吸附剂。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等对其结构、尺寸及形貌进行表征。研究了不同吸附因素对吸附剂吸附Cu²⁺的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件,并通过吸附动力学模型和吸附等温线模型进一步探讨吸附机理。结果表明：支化聚乙烯亚胺成功接枝到四氧化三铁纳米粒子表面。最佳吸附条件为pH=6.0、吸附平衡时间为40 min、吸附剂用量为10 mg。通过实验数据拟合,Fe₃O₄@PEI吸附Cu²⁺的过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和拟二级动力学模型,表明吸附过程为化学吸附控制的单分子层覆盖,在303 K时,模型理论饱和吸附量为141.24 mg/g。表明支化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的磁性纳米吸附剂对Cu²⁺具有较强的吸附能力,对水体中Cu²⁺的去除具有一定的应用前景。     

十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)改性蒙脱石对Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附研究

以阴离子表面活性剂(十二烷基磺酸钠,SDS)为改性剂制备了有机蒙脱石,研究其对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附行为,并用XRD、FTIR、SEM、XPS对有机蒙脱石进行表征.实验结果表明,有机蒙脱石对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附基本上在20min内达到平衡,并随pH增大(1.0～7.0),吸附量增加,最佳pH约为6.0.有机蒙脱石对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附等温线更符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,SDS改性蒙脱石对Cu2+、Cd2+的最大吸附量较纯蒙脱石分别增加15.7%、15.5%.XRD、FTIR、SEM、XPS及碳含量分析结果显示,SDS主要分布在蒙脱石表面且相对稳定,少量嵌入层间,有机蒙脱石对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附机制为配位吸附和离子交换.     

改性龙须眼子菜吸附水溶液中Cu2+的性能

采用批式实验法对改性龙须眼子菜吸附溶液中Cu2+的吸附动力学过程及吸附平衡进行了研究,考察了溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量、温度等对改性龙须眼子莱吸附Cu2+的影响.结果表明,吸附动力学过程可以用准二级动力学方程进行拟合,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型而不符合Freundlich模型.吸附实验的优化条件为:溶液初始pH值为4.0～5.6,溶液初始Cu2+浓度与吸附剂用量比值为10～25 mg·g-1,吸附时间为30～45 min,吸附温度为20-30℃.龙须眼子菜经甲醇改性后对Cu2+的吸附性能有了很大程度的提高;在改性龙须眼子菜吸附Cu2+的过程中,存在离子交换作用,但不占主导地位;改性龙须眼子菜吸附Cu2+主要依靠醇、酚类中的O-H基团,酰胺类中的C=O、N-H与C-N基团,砜类中的S=O基团与Cu2+的配位作用.     

巯基树脂的合成及对Hg2+的吸附特征

使用聚苯乙烯交联微球为前驱体,经一系列反应合成了一种苯环上含巯基的离子交换树脂(巯基树脂),研究了其对水中Hg2+的吸附特征. 巯基树脂的红外与元素分析结果表明,巯基官能团成功地嫁接到树脂表面,树脂中b(巯基)为2.89 mmol/g. pH对吸附的影响较大,当pH为1时,巯基树脂对Hg2+的吸附量很低,因此,可以用酸洗树脂使其再生. 当pH为2～7时,巯基树脂对Hg2+的吸附量相差不大. 巯基树脂对水中Hg2+的吸附等温线结果表明,温度的升高有利于吸附,吸附量高达14.500 mg/g,且符合Langmuir模型. Hg2+在巯基树脂上的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,对于初始ρ(Hg2+)为1 mg/L的溶液,吸附后最终ρ(Hg2+)可降到0.003 mg/L.      

改性甘蔗渣对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附行为研究

为提高废弃甘蔗渣对重金属离子Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附能力,文章采用简单的方法制备了乙二胺四乙酸二酐(EDTAD)修饰的甘蔗渣。经FTIR分析,有大量的羰基修饰在了甘蔗渣的表面,为其吸附重金属离子提供了更多的活性位点。实验结果表明:经过修饰后的甘蔗渣对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附量分别为46.46 mg/g、119.36 mg/g,是未修饰的3.69和12.31倍,且均能在20 min内达到最大吸附量并保持平衡,其吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,且吸附过程遵循二级动力学模型。在pH 4~7范围内,修饰SCB对Cd2+和Pb2+具有较高的吸附能力。除此之外,在Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+和Zn2+共存的情况下,修饰SCB对Pb2+仍能保持较高的吸附量。修饰后的甘蔗渣对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附能力有了显著提高,且具有一定的抗干扰能力,有望应用于实际工业废水处理。     

Aminobenzenesulfonamide functionalized SBA-15 nanoporous molecular sieve: A new and promising adsorbent for preconcentration of lead and copper ions

A rapid method for the extraction and monitoring of nanogram level of Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions using uniform silanized mesopor (SBA-15) functionalized with aminobenzenesulfonamide groups and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is presented. Aminobenzenesulfonamide functionalized SBA-15 was synthesized according to procedure in the literature and the presence of organic groups in the silica framework was demonstrated by FT-IR spectra. The functionalized product showed the BET surface area 110 m²/g and pore diameter 5.1 nm, based on adsorption-desorption of N₂ at 77 K. The effect of several variables such as (amount of adsorbent, stirring time, pH and presence of other ions in the medium) has been studied. Lead and copper were completely extracted at pH greater than 3 after stirring for 10 min. The maximum capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 191.3 ± 1.4 and 155.0 ± 1.0 μg of lead and copper ions/mg functionalized SBA-15, respectively. The preconcentration factor of the method was found to be 200. The detection limit of the technique was 3.4 and 0.4 ng/mL for Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺, respectively. The applications of this methodology for real samples were examined by various water type, black tea and pepper samples.     

Novel Al-doped carbon nanotubes with adsorption and coagulation promotion for organic pollutant removal

Al-doped carbon nanotubes (Al-doped CNTs) were prepared as a multifunctional integrated material of adsorbent and coagulant aid for organic pollutant removal from aqueous solution. It was observed that aluminum species were dispersed homogeneously on the surface of CNTs, and mainly anchored onto defect structures of the CNTs. The introduction of aluminium efficiently improved adsorption ability for methyl orange (MO) onto the CNTs, and maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model can reach 69.7 mg/g. The MO adsorption kinetics can be better described by the pseudo-second-order and pore diffusion kinetic models, and the diffusion of MO anions into pores of the Al-doped CNT adsorbent should be the rate-determining step. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the adsorption of MO onto Al-CNTs-2.0 was endothermic and spontaneous. Moreover, adsorption capacity for MO on the Al-doped CNTs was evidently dependent on the CNT dose, solution pH and adsorbent dose. From the perspective of low-cost and multifunctional, suspension obtained during the Al-doped CNT adsorbent preparation, was tested as coagulant to remove humic acid (HA). A significant observation is that the suspension exhibited an excellent coagulation performance for HA, because abundant aluminous polymer and Al-doped CNTs existed in the suspension.