湿式镁基与钙基脱硫工艺的比较

本文着重介绍了湿式镁基与钙基脱硫的反应机理、系统构成及工艺优缺点，并以220t／n锅炉为例，对以上两种工艺进行了技术经济分析，从而说明在石化系统采用镁基脱硫是一种有效可行的方法。     

O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水有机物动力学及机理研究

对O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水降解有机物动力学、特征污染物苯胺降解动力学及机理进行实验分析,研究结果表明：页岩气产出水有机物、苯胺降解符合一级反应动力学;臭氧分子的分解符合零级反应动力学。通过液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析O3/H2O2氧化苯胺降解过程中间产物,发现O3/H2O2氧化法不能完全 将页岩气产出水矿化为二氧化碳和水,只是将复杂有机物分子转化为结构简单的直链烷烃或者羧酸类物质,需与其他氧化方式相结合才可将有机物完全去除,并提出了降解返排液中苯胺的两条可能途径,为O3/H2O2氧化工艺实际应用提供理论依据。     

低浓度Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)催化氧化脱除烟气中SO2的研究

生物法烟气脱硫是一种新的脱硫工艺,不仅可以较好地解决SO2废气对环境的污染问题,而且将烟气脱硫与单质硫的生产联系在一起,能带来一定的经济效益。将生物法烟气脱硫过程分成两个阶段：SO2的吸收过程和含硫吸收液的生物脱硫过程。本文重点研究了第一阶段的SO2吸收过程。考察了温度、pH值对SO2的吸收的影响,水溶液中低浓度的Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)对SO2的催化氧化,以及低浓度的Fe(Ⅱ）和Mn(Ⅱ)协同催化氧化SO2,并初探了引入甲醇和亚纳米SiO2颗粒作为添加剂对脱硫的影响及其机理。     

氧化法处理水中酚的研究方法综述

目前氧化法处理含酚废水的方法有化学氧化法即臭氧氧化法、Fenton试剂氧化法等，酶催化氧化法以及光化学氧化法即光敏化氧化、光催化氧化法等；分析了它们的优势及存在的问题；并提出了今后的研究方向，即臭氧-生物活性炭、臭氧辐射、臭氧-H2O2技术，水溶性酶制剂连接到固体载体上制成固化酶，H2O2－BAC、O3－H2O2－BAC联用技术等。     

氨法脱硫工艺存在的问题及应对措施

文章介绍了氨法脱硫工艺国内外发展及应用现状,对其工艺原理、工艺流程以及技术优势进行论述。针对氨法脱硫技术在应用过程中存在的脱硫剂消耗大、氨逃逸、气溶胶难以消除、亚硫酸铵氧化慢、硫酸铵结晶、氯离子富集难等典型问题进行总结与分析。氨法脱硫技术因对不同煤种特别是高硫煤具有很强的适应性及较高的脱硫效率,有利于氨法脱硫技术的进一步推广应用。     

炭法烟气脱硫机理的研究现状

炭法烟气脱硫技术是一种污染治理与资源回收利用相结合的脱硫技术,本文在对活性炭吸附催化转化SO2过程、H2O和O2的存在对脱硫过程的影响,以及改性活性炭脱硫性能提高影响因素等方面分析基础上,论述了炭法脱硫机理研究现状,并提出了以后的发展方向。     

普光高含硫气田水中H2S去除技术研究

文章探讨了通常用于水中H2S去除的方法,对比方法的优缺点,提出以NaClO为主要脱硫剂的处理方法。通过对采出水的脱硫氧化剂优选试验、NaClO连续脱硫试验,并将试验研究结果应用于普光高含硫气田水脱硫处理。试验证明:采用NaClO可以安全、高效地去除采出水中的H2S,处理后的气田水中硫化物的含量小于1mg/L。     

双碱法与氧化镁法烟气脱硫工艺选择

烟气脱硫是实现SO2减排的重点方向,本文对双碱法与氧化镁法烟气脱硫工艺原理、特点、经济技术指标进行了阐述,并对两者进行了比较,提出了选择这两种烟气脱硫工艺的建议。     

高炉煤气精脱硫工艺路线探究

文章针对高炉煤气的特点,结合目前脱硫的主流工艺,提出水解+湿式氧化法的精脱硫工艺路线,该方法既能满足超低排放要求、落实节能减排方针,又能实现一定的经济价值和社会效益。     

电子束法烟气净化工艺主要因素分析

电子束法烟气净化技术是近年来发展较快的一项烟气净化技术。在清华大学核能技术设计研究院的电子束法烟气净化装置的实验基础上，通过对大量实验数据的分析，找出工艺中各种因素对脱硫率与脱硝率的影响。辐照剂量[D]、烟气温度[T]、含湿量[H]、注氨当量[α]、SO2的初始浓度[CSO2]和NOx的初始浓度[CNOx]是影响烟气脱硫脱硝的基本因素。文章采用相关分析、回归分析的方法，找出主要的因素，建立回归经验方程，以优化系统工艺，简化系统结构，预测实验结果。     

化学混凝-催化氧化法处理钻井污水

由于钻井污水经混凝处理后仍存在ＣＯＤ、色度超标问题,因此需采用其他方法深度处理污水。故采用混凝－催化氧化法工艺处理钻井污水,混凝剂为硫酸铁或聚合硫酸铁,混凝剂加量一般为２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ,初始ｐＨ值为３．０～５．０,氧化时间为３ｈ等。通过实验结果可知：该方法完全能满足钻井污水处理的要求,处理后出水可达标外排。化学混凝－催化氧化处理工艺是解决高浓度钻井污水处理ＣＯＤ、色度超标的重要途径,在技术经济上是可行的,具有广阔的应用前景     

大气环境质量回顾评价

天然气净化一厂自建厂以来，改进净化硫化氢工艺，采用液相催化反应塔和尾气的烧，并且对大气环境质量进行了回顾评价。大量的厂区环境监测数据表明：硫化氢和二氧化硫得到了有效地控制，周围的农业生态达多少了良性循环状态。     

Kinetic modeling of bioavailability for sorbed-phase 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

The degradation rate of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied in silica-slurry systems to evaluate the bioavailability of sorbed-phase contaminant. After the silica particles were saturated with 2,4-D, the system was inoculated with the 2,4-D-degrading microorganism Flavorbacterium sp. strain FB4. The disappearance rate of 2,4-D was found to be greater than the rate predicted based upon liquid-phase 2,4-D concentrations. A kinetic formulation, termed the enhanced bioavailability model, was developed to describe the desorption and biodegradation processes in this batch system. The approach assumes that 2,4-D resides in both the liquid and solid phases and degradation occurs via both suspended and attached biomass. All biomass can degrade liquid-phase 2,4-D at one rate, while only attached biomass can degrade sorbed 2,4-D at another rate. An enhanced transformation factor (Ef) was introduced to express the increased biodegradation rate over that expected from the liquid phase only. This approach was able to account for the increased degradation rates observed experimentally. The results provide evidence that desorption to the bulk solution is not prerequisite to degradation, and that sorbed substrate may be available for degradation.     

臭氧氧化水中有机污染物作用规律及动力学研究方法

本文对臭氧氧化水中有机污染物的作用规律及氧化动力学研究方法进行了综述。臭氧是一种强氧化剂,它能通过臭氧直接反应或产生羟基自由基进行间接反应以及两者的结合对有机和无机化合物进行氧化。臭氧有选择性地氧化有机污染物,主要与双键、活性芳香系统和未被质子化的胺类发生反应,而羟基自由基则可以和水中绝大多数化合物无选择性地快速反应,臭氧动力学的研究也涉及到臭氧和羟基自由基的问题,其反应速率常数的测定多采用溶质消耗法和竞争动力学法。     

Optimization of Fenton's oxidation of chemical laboratory wastewaters using the response surface methodology

Establishing a treatment process for practical and economic disposal of laboratory wastewaters has become an urgent environmental concern of the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (State University of Maringá), Brazil. Fenton and related reactions are potentially useful oxidation processes for destroying toxic organic compounds in water. In these reactions, hydrogen peroxide is combined with ferrous or ferric iron in the presence or absence of light to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH). The feasibility of Fenton's reagent to treat waste chemicals from an academic research laboratory was investigated in this study. A response surface methodology was applied to optimize the Fenton oxidation process conditions using chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal as the target parameter to optimize, and the reagent concentrations, as related to the initial concentration of organic matter in the effluent, and pH as the control factors to be optimized. Maximal COD removal (92.3%) was achieved when wastewater samples were treated at pH 4 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iron in the ratios [COD]:[H2O2]=1:9 and [H2O2]:[Fe2+]=4.5:1. Under these conditions, it was possible to obtain simultaneously maximal COD removal and minimal chemical sludge after treatment, which is a residue that needs further processing.     

聚丙烯工业废水排放的治理措施

在利用间歇式液相本体法工艺生产聚丙烯时,易产生大量废水,包括闪蒸水环真空泵排放水、聚合釜轴封冷却水排放水、聚合升温用热水罐溢流水等。应最大限度地减少废水的排放量。已经采取的废水减排措施包括:对于真空泵逐渐调小供水量(即减少了排放量);将轴封冷却水收回重复利用;维持热水罐的水位稳定,避免产生溢流。采取上述措施在满足生产要求的同时,最大限度地减少了废水排放量。     

Environmental assessment of supercritical water oxidation of sewage sludge

Environmental aspects of using supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) to treat sewage sludge were studied using a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The system studied is the first commercial scale SCWO plant for sewage sludge in the world, treating sludge from the municipal wastewater treatment facility in Harlingen, TX, USA. The environmental impacts were evaluated using three specific environmental attributes: global warming potential (GWP), photo-oxidant creation potential (POCP) and resource depletion; as well as two single point indicators: EPS2000 and EcoIndicator99. The LCA results show that for the described process, gas-fired preheating of the sludge is the major contributor to environmental impacts, and emissions from generating electricity for pumping and for oxygen production are also important. Overall, SCWO processing of undigested sewage sludge is an environmentally attractive technology, particularly when heat is recovered from the process. Energy-conserving measures and recovery of excess oxygen from the SCWO process should be considered for improving the sustainability potential.     

高级氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液的研究进展

本文介绍了包括化学氧化法、电化学氧化法、光催化氧化法、超声氧化法、辐照氧化法和催化湿式氧化法等在内的高级氧化技术的机理和运用于垃圾渗滤液处理的研究进展,并提出高级氧化技术与生物处理联合运用和各种高级氧化工艺之间的优化组合将是实现高级氧化技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中工程化运用的发展方向.     

Catalysts and inhibitors for oxidative degradation of monoethanolamine

MEA solutions were subjected to oxidative degradation at both low and high gas rates. Solutions were degraded with 100 mL/min of 98%O₂/2%CO₂ with mass transfer achieved by vortexing. Solutions were analyzed for degradation products by IC and HPLC. In a parallel apparatus 7.5 L/min of 15%O₂/2%CO₂ was sparged through solution, with additional mass transfer achieved by vortexing. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyzer collected continuous gas-phase data on volatile products.Hydroxyethyl-formamide (HEF) and hydroxyethylimidazole (HEI) are the major liquid-phase oxidation products. In the presence of Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺, HEF, HEI, and MEA losses increase by a factor of 3 compared to Fe²⁺ alone. Cr³⁺ and Ni²⁺, two metals present in stainless steel alloys, resulted in MEA losses that are 55% greater. In terms of oxidative degradation potential (greatest to lowest): Cu²⁺ > Cr³⁺/Ni²⁺ > Fe²⁺ > V⁵⁺.Inhibitor A reduces the formation of known products by 90% when catalyzed by Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺ and by 99% with Cr³⁺/Ni²⁺. Inhibitor B reduces product rates by 97% and MEA losses by 75%, while a 100:1 ratio of EDTA to Fe²⁺ completely inhibits oxidation.     

UTILIZATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN RIVER BASIN STUDIES1

ABSTRACT: Remote sensing techniques have the potential for significantly reducing the level of effort in a river basin water quality study. An immediate requirement exists, however, for the formulation of the proper methodology for the application of remote sensing to this problem area. A general methodology is proposed for conduct of river basin water quality studies. The primary advantage offered by the proposed methodology is a technique for rapid evaluation of the water quality conditions of a river basin. Remote sensing techniques are a fundamental part of the methodology. The proposed methodology consists of two phases. Phase I deals with the study of the water resource characteristics of the basin as a system and identification of “critical areas.” Phase II of the methodology involves the detailed study of the critical areas by means of computerized water quality simulation models.