火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水中微量钙

水中微量钙虽有许多测定方法(如原子吸收法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析法、离子电泳法、离子电极法和离子色谱法等直接定量法),但这些方法都易受共存离子的影响.此外,当采用这些方法测定微量钙时,需浓缩或溶剂萃取等,操作烦琐.现已研究出采用火焰原子吸收分光光度计(F-AAS)测定水中微量钙的方法.     

固体进样无焰原子吸收法直接测定树叶中的铬

设计了一种简便,实用的固体进样装置,进行无焰原子吸收测定树叶中的痕量铬.建立了一种准确快速测定树叶中微量元素的方法,适合于常规环境试样分析.特证质量0.9Pg/0.0044A,回收率95-98％,变异系数5.1-5.7％.     

也谈标准加入法在原子吸收光度法中的应用

关于标准加入法在原子吸收光谱分析中的基本应用已有介绍。原子吸收光谱分析中的标准加入法并非一成不变,而是常有演变和翻新,现进一步将此部分内容进行分类概述。     

火焰原子吸收光度法测定汽油中铅

用一氯化碘萃取汽油样中的铅,加入过量碘化钾,生成碘化铅络合物,以抗坏血酸还原碘,再用甲基异丁基甲酮反萃取碘络合物,以空气乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定［１］ 。检测限为０２９１ ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

火焰原子吸收光度法测定废水中钴

用火焰原子吸收分光光度法直接测定废水中钴 ,方法检测限为 0 0 46mg/L ,相对标准差为 1 8% ,加标回收率为 96 %～ 99%     

微波消解—火焰原子吸收光度法测定底质中的Cr

提出了用微波消解，火焰原子吸收法测定底质中的Cr，探讨了不同仪器条件下，不同干扰剂对样品测试的影响，用此法对样品回收测定，回收率在95．2％－102．0％之间，相对标准差1．2％－5．8％,检测限0．036mg/L。     

影响火焰原子吸收光度法测定镍的因素

镍是环境监测的重要项目之一，测定废水中的镍通常采用的方法是火焰原子吸收光度法，钠离子和镍的发射对测定镍有很大的影响．文中针对这2个主要因素对镍的测定以及如何消除干扰进行了探讨。     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定地表水中的锑

采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定地表水中的锑,优化了仪器测量参数,讨论了干扰离子的干扰。方法在0μg/L~100μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.9μg/L,平行测定的RSD为1.3%~9.8%,加标回收率为97.9%~104%,标准样品的测定结果符合要求。     

标准加入法在原子吸收光度法中的应用

介绍了原子吸收光度法中的光谱干扰和非光谱干扰,指出标准加入法和分析校准曲线法是消除和减少某些干扰最简单、快速的校准方法。在标准加入法中,当分析曲线呈线性时,表明分析结果可信,当分析曲线不呈线性,表明方法灵敏度随质量浓度变化而变化,分析结果的准确性有问题。以改变基体的质量浓度和在同一质量浓度的基体溶液中加入不同量的标准两个实验可以验证标准加入法在原子吸收光度法中的适用性。     

螯合树脂在线富集——火焰原子吸收光度法测定水中微量Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd

对螯合树脂在线富集，火焰原子吸收光度法进行了条件试验。试验证实方法对Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ４个元素检出浓度可达μｇ／Ｌ级，校准曲线性、样品重现性及准确度可满足测定要求。     

微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜锌铅镉镍铬

用微波消解－原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜,锌,铅,镉,镍和铬。通过硝酸－氢氟酸－过氧化氢体系消解液对土壤样品消解,选择出微波最佳消解条件。对硝酸－盐酸－过氧化氢体系消解液和硝酸－氢氟酸－过氧化氢体系消解液进行消解对比试验,发现前者不能将土壤样品完全消解,后者能将样品消解完全,但需将消解液中剩余的酸赶尽,否则测定结果将明显偏低。微波消解土壤与传统电热消解相比,操作简便快速,可提高工作效率。     

用几种溶样方法对典型土样中Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd、Mn、Cu、Zn的溶出情况比较

本文采用HNO_3、HCl-HNO_3、HNO_3-H_2SO_4-HClO_4,溶洋方法消解土样,用原子吸收法测定题述中的元素,并与HCl-HNO_3-HF-HClO_4全消解方法进行了比较.发现除用HF以外的其它酸溶法Pb、Cr的溶出较少溶出比分别低于55％和67％,主要原因是Pb、Cr包藏在土壤的矿物晶格中。     

Effect of heavy metal contaminated shooting range soils on mycorrhizal colonization of roots and metal uptake by leek

We grew leek (Allium porrum) in soils of two shooting ranges heavily contaminated with heavy metals in the towns of Zuchwil and Oberuzwil in Switzerland as a bioassay to test theactivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in these soils.Soil samples were taken from (1) front of the shooting house(HOUSE), (2) the area between house and target (FIELD) and (3) the berm (BACKSTOP). Samples of Ribwort plantain (Plantagolanceolata) growing naturally within the shooting ranges werealso collected and the colonization of its roots by mycorrhizalfungi was measured. The number of AM spores in the soils wassignificantly reduced concomitant with the increase in thedegree of soil contamination with metals. In Zuchwil,mycorrhizal fungi equally colonized roots of Ribwort plantainsampled from BACKSTOP and HOUSE. In Oberuzwil, however, plantsfrom BACKSTOP had lower colonization when compared with thosesampled from HOUSE. Colonization of leek was strongly reducedin the BACKSTOP soil of Zuchwil and slightly reduced in theBACKSTOP soil of Oberuzwil when compared with plants grown inrespective HOUSE soil. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb andZn in the leaves of leek grown in the BACKSTOP soil was withinthe range considered toxic for human consumption. This pointsto the high degree of bio-availability of these metal in thesesoils. Significant decrease in the number of mycorrhizal sporesin the BACKSTOP soils in Zuchwil and the low colonization ofleek roots grown in these soils point to possible changes inthe species diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in these soils.     

火焰原子吸收法测定总铬的最佳酸度条件选择

对火焰原子吸收法测定总铬的酸度介质条件进行了分析和论述。通过在不同的盐酸介质条件下对总铬的实际测定，选择出最适宜的盐酸介质条件，降低了测定空白值，使方法的测定灵敏度有了显著提高。     

酸度介质对原子吸收法测定钙元素灵敏度的影响

对火焰原子吸收法测定钙元素的酸度介质条件进行了分析和论述。通过在不同的盐酸和硝酸介质条件下对钙元素的实际测定,较为充分地论述了不同的盐酸和硝酸介质条件对实验测定的影响,进而选择出最适宜的测定介质条件,提出了相关建议,使方法的测定灵敏度有了显著提高。     

氢化物原子吸收分光光度法测定水中的汞

在原402－A原子吸收分光光度计配以流动注射氢化物发生器,对水中汞进行测定,其灵敏度、精密度、准确度均有提高。     

微波消解—火焰原子吸收法测定废气中铅的方法研究

分别使用微波消解方法和传统的酸煮法对含铅滤筒进行前处理,采用火焰原子吸收法测定废气中的铅.结果表明,微波消解法具有消耗试剂少、效率高、速度快、结果准确等特点.     

Topsoil and Housedust Metal Concentrations in the Vicinity of a Lead Battery Manufacturing Plant

The aim of the study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of a lead battery manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic, both in the general environment and within homes. Topsoils (0–5 cm) were sampled from 100 sites along 4 transects which crossed the battery factory, the town centre and outlying rural areas. Housedust samples were collected from 15 plant-workers' homes and 15 non plant-workers' homes located at various distances from the factory. Samples were analysed for levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb, using ICP-AES. Soil concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Sb peaked at the perimeter fence of the battery factory with Pb levels of up to 12 650 g g> ^-1. Concentrations of these metals decreased exponentially within 500 m of the plant. Whilst the battery factory does appear to be a source of all the metals with the exception of Zn, emissions do not appear to be transported to any great extent over distances of more than 0.5 km. Topsoil and housedust concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb in the general Mlada Boleslav area do not appear to be significantly different from those recorded in a large scale survey of urban soils in the United Kingdom. A comparison of housedust Pb concentrations in homes of plant workers and non-plant workers suggests that there may be a small input of Pb into the home environment by battery plant employees.     

Effect of Heavy Metals on the Blood Protein Biochemistry of the Fish CYPRINUS CARPIO AND ITS USE AS A BIO-INDICATOR OF POLLUTION STRESS

Cyprinus carpio were exposed to two non-essential (Hg and Pb)and two essential (Cu and Ni) heavy metal salts at lethal andsub-lethal concentrations. Blood serum total protein, serum globulinand serum albumin was analysed every 2 hr for 24 hrs andagain at 48 and 72 hrs. Serum protein and globulin level showedan intial sharp increase from 2 to 20 hrs, followed by decline thatextend over a period of 72 hrs. Serum albumin showed an initialimmediate decline from 2 to 4 hrs, followed by an intermittent period of recovery and decline that extend over a period of 72hrs. Both lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of metal salts elicited asimilar pattern of response varying only in magnitude. The use offish blood serum protein, albumin and globulin measurements as general indicators of pollutant stress response isdiscussed.     

Assessment of Seasonal Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter of a Sub-Urban Indian City

Heavy metals in respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) were analyzed for different seasons, from July 2002 to December 2002, at different locations in Hisar (Haryana, India). The samples were analyzed for Pb, As, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe and Mg on atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in air-acetylene flame. The concentration of heavy metals was more in the studied residential area followed by industrial area and commercial area. The concentrations of Fe, As, Ni and Mn were found to be more compared to other metals. Further, the concentrations of all the heavy metals were higher in pre-monsoon (extended summer) and monsoon followed by post-monsoon, autumn and winter. Meteorology played an important role in concentration of heavy metals in RSPM. Turbulent conditions resulted in higher concentration owing to re-suspension and external input whereas, low wind speed, low temperature and high relative humidity favoured low concentration of the pollutants. The evaluation of enrichment factor revealed that Pb, As, Ni, Cu, and Mn are emitted, chiefly from anthropogenic sources and Fe and Mg are associated with natural sources.