尿中1—羟基芘的同步荧光测定法

本文报告１－羟基芘的荧光光谱在碱性溶液中的红移现象，研究了在１ｍｏｌ／ｌ ＮａＯＨ溶液中的同步荧光光谱，得出最适△λ为３５ｎｍ。以此为基础建立了尿中１－羟基芘的同步荧光测定法，回收率８０％，精密度８．０％，检测下限０．０５ｎｇ／ｍｌ。     

三类氧化硅的形态分布及其转化特性

本文对以硅酸钠与工业水玻璃为原料酸化制备三类氧化硅(Silica A,B,C)作了较为详细的探讨。应用逐时络合比色与光子相关光谱(PCS)等形态表征方法,对制备过程中的诸多影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,在0.02—0.4mol·1~(-1)范围内浓度对形态分布无甚影响,而滴定速率与熟化时间对形态分布有较大影响。所得Silica A,B,C样品中其主要形态所对应的分别是Si_a,Si_b,与小颗粒态Si_c,大颗粒态Si_c。     

含磷酸盐的三氯化铁水解溶液的化学特征

通过对含磷酸盐三氯化铁水解溶液的ｐＨ驰豫，电导率，可见光光谱和不同化学反应活性组分的分布等一系列化学物理性质的表征，说明在ＦｅＣｌ３－ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４－ＮａＨＣＯ３溶液体系中，ＰＯ４＾３参与了Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的水解－聚合反应，形成了Ｆｅ－ＯＨ－Ｆｅ－ＰＯ４－Ｆｅ结构共同控制溶液性质。使溶液性质发生了从量变到质变的过程，证明ＰＯ４＾３对Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）溶液的水解形态有重要影响。     

同时测定人发中铜,铁,锌的分光光度法测定

本文提出了一种分光光度同时测定铜，铁，锌的新方法，在弱酸性介质及抗坏血酸和乳化剂ＯＰ存在下，以５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ为显色剂，根据形成的配合光谱特征，选择５４５．５６６和７６０ｎｍ为测定波长，按系数倍率法和两波长标准加入法原理处理测量数据，直接测定了人发中铜，铁，锌的含量，结果满意。     

双波长标准加入法同时测定水中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

本文应用双波长标准加入法同时测定了硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐，在研究硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐紫外光谱的基础上，精确选择亚硝酸盐等吸收点波长２０２．５ｎｍ，２１６．５ｎｍ为测定波长。亚硝酸盐含量回归方程经推导得Ｃ＝－３．８４１＋１５６．６Ａ，相关系Ｒ＝１．０００。将该法用于合成样品及实际水样分析，所得结果较满意。     

均匀沉淀法制备纳米TiO2及其在环保方面的应用

本文以偏钛酸为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备纳米ＴｉＯ２,所制得的纳米微晶平均粒径约为８．５ｎｍ,并能在７００℃保持锐钛矿型晶体结构,当它应用于染料溶液的光催化分解,与ＭＴ－１５０Ｗ光催化相比,具有较好的催化活性。同时,我们用Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷膜回怍纳米ＴｉＯ２循环再利用,这为纳米ＴｉＯ２在环保方面的大规模应用创造了条件。     

拟面积多波长数据线性双组合解析萘,1—萘酚和2—萘酚同步荧光光谱的研究

本文研究了Δλ（λｅｍ－λｅｘ）为１３０ｎｍ和ＰＨ１２．０条件下，萘、１－萘粉和２－萘酚混合物的同步荧光光谱，获三者同步荧光峰信息，且萘被完全分辨，另外，提出用拟面积多波长线性双组合计算解析重叠的１－萘酚和２－萘酚同步荧光光谱，解析结果的精密度、组份间浓度比范围均较多波长线性回归、双峰增配平和一阶导数解析混合物同步荧光光谱结果为优。     

改性绿茶对汞的吸附研究——汞的形态分析

试验了用改性绿茶分离，冷原子吸收光谱法测定无机汞，烷基汞和苯基汞的条件。在ｐＨ５的溶液中吸附无机汞，与有机汞分离；在ｐＨ１的溶液中吸附有机汞，然后分别以１．５，３．０和６．０ｍｏｌ·１＾－１盐酸解吸无机汞，烷基汞和苯基汞，用冷原子吸收光谱法测定汞，探讨了吸附机理，分析了牡蛎和水样中汞的形态。     

青霉菌P－93对偶氮染料的降解特性研究

采用富集培养的方法，从土壤中分离得到一株对偶氮染料酸性大红（ＧＲ）和酸性黑（ＡＴＴ）有较强脱色能力的青霉菌Ｐ－９３（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｓｐ．Ｐ－９３）。该菌以ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ作为唯一Ｃ源和唯一Ｎ源均能生长。Ｐ－９３在ｐＨ４．０─８．０的范围内对ＡＴＴ的脱色率都在８０％以上，在２８－３７℃的温度范围内对ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ的脱色率也都超过８０％。对降解产物的紫外─可见光光谱分析表明，对ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ在可见光区的吸收峰（４８７．１ｎｍ，４８６．２ｎｍ和５９６．５ｎｍ）明显消失，而在紫外区的光吸收有所加强。Ｐ－９３中降解ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ的酶主要存在于细胞内，其生物合成不受染料的诱导。     

聚合铝的形态稳定性及其动电特性的研究

本文采用改进的Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ快速测定法研究了混凝过程中铝盐与聚合铝水解形态的转化规律及稳定性，并对混凝反应过程中铝与聚合铝溶解－沉淀形态分布与理论溶解度进行了对比，同时采用流动电流技术直接测定了铝盐与聚合铝絮凝剂的荷电状况，最后对发生在混凝过程中铝与聚合铝最佳凝聚形态进行了讨论。     

洛阳市不同功能区地表灰尘重金属的粒径分布特征

以洛阳市为例,分析了工业区、商业区、居民区、城乡结合处、城市绿地和城市主干道等不同功能区地表灰尘颗粒组成及重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd）粒级效应。结果表明：洛阳市不同功能区地表灰尘粒径分布具多峰性,分别在850~250、150~96及〈75μm出现分布峰值。不同功能区地表灰尘粒径差异显著,居民区和城市绿地细颗粒比重较大,工业区和城市主干道粗颗粒相对较多。各金属元素的质量分数粒级效应不一,Pb在工业区各粒级中质量分数最高,具粒级效应,其它功能区粒级效应不明显,Cd、Cu粒级效应明显,Cd富集更趋向于细粒（96~75和〈75μm）,Cu在180~150μm粒径质量分数迅速升高,并随着粒径减小,基本呈上升趋势,除工业区和城乡结合部外,其它功能区均在〈75μm粒径达到峰值。除居民区和城乡结合部各粒径Zn分布较平均外,Zn主要富集于180~150μm粒径颗粒,且质量分数明显高于其它各粒级,粒级效应基本呈现正态分布。     

典型农耕区黑土和沼泽土团聚体颗粒中重金属的分布特征解析

了解重金属在土壤中的富集特征是其风险评价和土壤修复的基础。分别以黑龙江省典型的农耕黑土和沼泽土为研究对象,采用干筛法获得〉4000、4000～2000、2000～1000、1000～250、250～53和〈53衄16个粒级的土壤团聚体颗粒组。利用等离子质谱（ICP-MS）测定了本土和各级团聚体颗粒中Cr、Cd、As和Pb的含量,并对其颗粒组分布特征及对有机碳的响应进行了解析。研究表明,2种土壤中的重金属Cr、Cd和Pb的富集因子均大于1,而As则存在明显的流失。除了黑土中的As和Pb外,其他重金属随着团聚体粒径的增加而呈现富集减弱的趋势。其中,cr和cd主要趋向分布在粉．黏团聚体（〈53wn）颗粒中;Pb在黑土中易赋存于1000～2000μm大团聚体中,在沼泽土中则富集于53～250μm的微团聚体中;As不但趋向被吸附在53～250μm的微团聚体中,而且在黑土中也容易被吸附在〉l000μm的大团聚体中。金属质量负载计算表明,大粒径颗粒组对土壤中重金属含量的总体贡献较大。土壤中有机碳含量均随着团聚体粒径减小而升高,cr和Cd分布与颗粒有机碳含量正相关,黑土中As的分布与颗粒中有机碳含量负相关而在沼泽土中呈弱正相关,Pb的分布则与有机碳含量均无明显的相关性。     

Hygroscopicity of ambient submicron particles in urban Hangzhou, China

In this study, hygroscopicity of size-segregated ambient submicron particles in urban Hangzhou was studied from 28th December 2009 to 18th January 2010, using a hygroscopicity-tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA). The submicron particles in Hangzhou showed a minor hygroscopic growth at 73% relative humidity (RH), and then grew significantly between 77% and 82% RH. Monomodal distribution accounted for 90% for 30 nm particles, 17% for 50 nm particles, and less than 7% for particles larger than 50 nm at 82% RH. Deconvolution of the bimodal distribution indicated a less hygroscopic group and a more hygroscopic group, with the fraction of the more hygroscopic group increasing with the initial dry particle size and then remaining almost constant for accumulation mode particles. Our results imply that submicron particles in urban Hangzhou were almost entirely externally mixed, and the hygroscopic properties of ambient particles in urban Hangzhou were mainly a function of their size and chemical composition.     

招远市区土壤及常见绿化植物汞污染特征

为查明长期黄金开采冶炼对城市汞污染的影响,以"金都"招远为研究对象,于2011年4月,采集了招远市区常见绿化植物柏树、落叶松、冬青的茎叶样品30份,并同步采集相应表层土壤样品34份。采用冷原子吸收法测定样品总汞含量,分析了土壤的理化性质。结果表明,招远市区表层土壤中汞含量范围为0.002~0.815 mg·kg-1,平均值为0.149 mg·kg-1。土壤汞含量与有机质呈极显著正相关,与p H、粗颗粒比例呈显著正相关关系,而与阳离子交换量、黏粒比例呈显著负相关。不同城市区域相比,处于金矿区污染源下风向、且与矿区距离较近的梦芝区土壤汞含量要显著高于其它区域。常见绿化植物茎叶汞含量范围为0.021~0.782 mg·kg-1,不同植物中的汞含量没有显著差异,但同种植物中茎、叶中汞含量存在极显著正相关。植物中的汞在各城市区域没有显著差异,与土壤汞含量也不存在显著相关性。研究结果显示,招远市区土壤和植物受周边金矿开采和黄金冶炼的影响,存在一定程度汞污染。     

Size-dependent in vitro cytotoxicity assay of gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles (AuNps) may serve as a promising model to address the size-dependent biological response of cell lines. Their size can be controlled with great precision during chemical synthesis. AuNps have potential applications in drug delivery, cancer diagnosis, and therapy, in the food industry, and for environmental remediation. However, some of the recent literature contains conflicting data regarding the cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles. Against this background, a systematic study of water soluble gold nanoparticles stabilized by citrate ranging in size from 3?nm to 45?nm were synthesized. The cytotoxicity of these particles were tested by employing the (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay), the neutral red cellular uptake assay, and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Noticeable differences in the cytotoxic effects depending on the assay, and the nanoparticle size have been found. Citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles with sizes of 3?nm, 8?nm, and 30?nm were more sensitive to the cell lines and caused gradual cell death within 24?h at higher concentrations. This results in IC50 values ranging from 57 to 78?μgmL^?1 depending on the particle size, and cell line combinations. In contrast, AuNps with diameters of 5?nm, 6?nm, 10?nm, 17?nm, and 45?nm were nontoxic up to three to four fold higher concentrations, and at long-term exposure.     

Pattern of benthic biomass size spectra from shallow waters in the East China Seas

Benthic biomass size spectra (BSS) and normalized biomass size spectra were constructed, and benthic secondary production was estimated by a size spectrum equation in the shallow waters in the East China Sea, ranging latitudinally from 40°N to 29°N. The BSS patterns were bimodal, two biomass peaks corresponding to meiofauna and macrofauna, respectively, separated by a trough of low biomass at 8–256 μg individual dry weight which varied in position with median sediment particle size. The BSS also displayed bimodality within meiofauna size ranges, which in most stations was due to the relative proportions of nematodes and other meiofauna taxa. Re-analysis of data from sites in the UK, South Africa, and Antarctic showed a similar bimodality in the adult species body size distribution within the meiofauna size range. Macrofaunal production estimated by the size spectrum equation was very similar to the results of Brey90 empirical equation. However, these production values were much lower than those calculated by Brey01. Different individual dry-to-wet conversion ratios, temperature deviation, and macrofauna taxonomic composition might be responsible for the between-model differences. The macrofaunal P/B ratios calculated by this equation ranged from 0.3 to 3.4 which were in accordance with values from Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. Meiofaunal production estimates will need further empirical support.     

不同来源太湖沉积物粒径分布及其对Cu的吸附特征

以不同来源的太湖沉积物为研究对象,利用Mastersizer 2000型激光粒度分析仪测定沉积物的粒度组成,利用筛析法和吸管法对不同来源沉积物进行分级,测定不同粒径沉积物中Cu含量及不同粒径沉积物对Cu2＋的饱和吸附量,研究沉积物对水溶液中Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附特性,从粒径分级和动力学角度探讨了太湖沉积物对Cu的吸附机理。结果表明：太湖沉积物粒径范围在0.002-0.1 mm,其颗粒组成以粉砂级与粘粒级为主,养殖区沉积物小粒径比例较高,小于0.05 mm粒径沉积物的比例为82.45%;吸附实验研究表明,粒径小于0.005 mm和0.005-0.01 mm沉积物中Cu含量较高,且此粒径沉积物对Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附量最大;吸附动力学研究表明,沉积物的吸附过程分为快反应和慢反应两个阶段,且吸附过程以表面吸附为主,伪二级动力学方程对动力学曲线拟合较好,其R2值达0.999以上。吸附热力学的研究结果表明：Freundlich方程比较适合描述沉积物对Cu2＋的吸附等温线,其R2大于0.99,对照区、养殖区和生活污水区沉积物对Cu（Ⅱ）的最大吸附量分别为229.20,249.98,261.20 mg.kg-1,方程式中的强度因子1/n不适合描述沉积物与重金属离子的结合能力。     

外源Cd~(2+)在土壤各级微团聚体中的含量和形态分布

采用室内培养和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了外源Cd~(2+)进入土壤30 d后,在土壤各级微团聚体中的含量富集和形态赋存情况.研究结果表明:外源水溶性镉进入土壤30 d后,100%转化成了颗粒态,其中58.5%转化为了可交换态,0.98%转化成了碳酸盐结合态,1.26%转化成了铁锰氧化物结合态,7.68%转化成了有机结合态,31.5%转化成了残渣态,这基本与其中各粒级微团聚体中的赋存形态的情况一致.在土壤中赋存的镉主要分布在各级微团聚体中,在各粒级微团聚体中的含量分布顺序为<10μm微团聚体>10～50μm微团聚体>50～250 μm微团聚体;外源镉向小粒级微团聚体的富集倾向明显高于向大粒级微团聚体的富集倾向,其中在<10μm微团聚体中富集系数为1.43,在50～250μm微团聚体中的富集系数只有0.60.     

Dry deposition and particle size distributions of nitrate and sulfate in ambient air

This study reports the dry deposition pollutants of anion species (NO₃ ^‐ and SO₄ ^‐2) in the Ping Tung City of Southern Taiwan. Several deposition properties are discussed in this paper. It included dry deposition flux, anion species size distribution and deposition velocities. Noll Rotary Impactor (NRI) and Microorifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) were used to collect ambient air coarse and fine particulate. Dry deposition plate was applied to collect particle deposition flux. Dionex 2000i/SP Ion Chromatography equipped with 4 mm AG4A‐SC and AS4A‐SC column was employed to analyze the anion species. The eluent solution is 1.8 mM sodium carbonate/1.7 mM sodium bicarbonate. The measured dry deposition flux of nitrate ranged from 0.63 to 3.96 mg/m²‐day and averaged 2.12 mg/m²‐day, while the measured dry deposition of sulfate ranged from 1.17 to 9.53 mg/m²‐day and averaged 3.92 mg/m²‐day. The particle size distribution of nitrate has bimodal particle size distributions. However, the sulfate displayed uniform particle size distribution for all four sampling sites. Mean cumulative fraction (F%) of nitrate in the particle size range below 1, 2.5, 10 and 25 μm, in sequence, were 34.6%, 60.9%, 91.0% and 97.6%, respectively. However, the mean F% of sulfate in the particle size range below 1, 2.5, 10 and 25 um, in sequence, were 57.3%, 82.6%, 90.3% and 98.0%, respectively. The sulfate has more F% in the submicron particles. The mean MMD _o of nitrate and sulfate are 2.35 and 0.87 μm, respectively. The mean dry deposition velocities of nitrate and sulfate are 0.45 and 0.38 cm/sec, respectively.     

北京市地面街尘与径流中重金属的污染特征（Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Street Dusts and Urban Runoff in Beijing）

街尘作为城市各种污染物的载体和地表径流污染物的主要来源对水环境的影响日益受到关注.论文分析了北京市城区街尘与地表径流中重金属浓度和颗粒的粒径分布.结果表明:不同城市土地利用类型对街尘和径流中的重金属含量、颗粒粒径分布具有重要影响.在商业区、主要道路、住宅区、城中村4种土地利用类型中,街尘重金属浓度和地面单位面积重金属质量均以主要道路最高;径流重金属浓度由高到低顺序依次为:主要道路>城中村>居民区;主要道路和商业区街尘颗粒中细粒径占的比例较高,在全部土地利用类型的径流水样中颗粒物粒径分布差别不大;随着街尘中颗粒物粒径的减小,重金属浓度增加;街尘中小于149μm的颗粒物质量百分比和重金属浓度均较高,且在径流中这个粒径段的颗粒物含量也高,体积比达80%以上.建议在今后的城市街尘面源污染控制中应特别关注土地利用类型和街尘粒径的影响.