青岛市开展大沽河流域废水污染源专项执法检查

据环境保护部网站报道,按照青岛市大沽河治理工作指挥部《关于进一步加强大沽河流域环境保护工作的通知》要求,日前,青岛市环保局对城阳、即墨、胶州、平度、莱西大沽河流域工业污染源和规模化畜禽养殖进行了专项执法检查。此次检查在现有污染源普查、环境统计及排污申报登记等污染源数据库的基础上,采取调查与核     

循环生态种养低排放

"站在阜阳往北看,一溜三个牛羊县,蒙城、利辛还有涡阳县。"这句民谚道出了亳州规模化畜禽养殖特色产业所在,这个产业也产生了大量的畜禽排泄物和各种养殖废弃物。畜禽养殖业的污染不仅仅是随意排放的畜禽粪便产生的恶臭气体,养殖场将未经处理的高浓度有机废弃物集中排放沟河后,大量消耗水体中的溶解氧,使水面变黑发臭,大量的病原微生物进入水体污染水源,威胁村民身体健康。粪便所倒之处田地发黑、     

西溪河流域水质现状及变化特征分析

通过2014~2018年西溪河水质断面监测数据,利用平均综合污染指数法进行水质评价,分析了西溪河流域的水质情况,并采用秩相关系数法对该河流水质变化趋势进行了研究。分析了2018年西溪河流域的空间分布差异和时间变化,总结了流域水污染特征和水质变化的原因。结果表明,西溪河来水受上游城镇影响水质较差,中游水体经过自净作用有所好转,下游城区段污染上升明显。水体污染主要来自城镇生活源和上游农业面源污染,中下游农业面源及畜禽养殖污染受到了较好的抑制。     

濑溪河流域泸县段水污染源分析及对策研究

采用输出系数模型、等标污染负荷等方法,以研究区实测数据为基础,评价濑溪河泸县段水质现状,结合基于水文水质资料和文献数据的方法确定输出系数取值,估算了濑溪河泸县段COD、氨氮、总磷污染负荷并分析主要来源。结果表明,濑溪河泸县段水质现状较差,总磷为全流域首要污染物;濑溪河泸县段COD污染负荷的主要来源于城镇生活、工业生产,累计占总入河量的60%;氨氮污染负荷主要来自于城镇生活、农业面源,累计占总入河量的64%;总磷污染负荷主要来自农业面源、分散畜禽养殖,累计占总入河量的75%。建议进一步加快城镇生活污染治理设施建设,强化工业企业污染治理,完善农村农业污染防治,实施流域综合整治及生态修复。     

整治丽水市区“三条河” 改善城市生态环境

浙江省丽水市区内的丽阳坑、环城河、好溪堰俗称“三条河”。本文介绍了“三条河”的简史和污染现状,阐述了保护“三条河”的重要性,提出整治“三条河”的建议和措施。     

潍坊莱州湾沿岸地下卤水资源及其开发利用

山东盐业是我国四大海盐产区之一,是全国原盐、盐化工和盐业海水养殖的重要基地。山东原盐生产主要集中在潍坊莱州湾沿岸地区,其原盐生产能力约占全国的1/7。这一地区卤水资源主要分布于潍坊地区的寿光县、寒亭区,昌邑县的北部滨海地区,东起胶莱河,西至小清河,海岸线长113km,总面积1177cm~2。     

江西境内萍水河水质状况评价及变化趋势分析

通过对萍水河监测断面水质监测数据的分析,利用内梅罗污染指数法及秩相关系数法进行水质评价,分析了"十二五"期间萍水河水质情况及其变化趋势,阐述了萍水河的水质空间分布规律。结果表明:萍水河断面水质以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类为主,水质总体较好,但呈下降趋势;其上游水质较好,中游较差,下游略有好转,麻山河等萍水河支流水质较好。     

沙塘川河水质评价

采用综合评价方法对沙塘川河 1998年水质监测结果进行评价 ,反映出沙塘川河水质污染状况 ,分析造成水质恶化的根源 ,为改善沙塘川河水质提供了依据。     

母癞呆

我的故乡在淠河湾。淠河在我的故乡不叫淠河,叫沛河。我们那的人"淠"、"沛"同音,外面的人不知道,一听当地人把淠河叫成沛河,也就把淠河叫做了沛河。人民公社的时候,我们的公社就起名为沛东公社。当然现在早不这么叫了,现在外面的人也早就弄明白了沛河其实就是淠河。但我故乡的人仍然把淠河叫做沛河。     

我是一条河

<正>我是一条河,一条不停奔跑的河;我是一条河,一条充满生机的河;我是一条河,一条无忧无虑的河。每天都唱着歌儿,在欢快地奔跑中开始一天的旅程。跑过山林,郁郁葱葱的大树向我点头;跑过田野,高兴地和花草们打招呼;跑过城市,两边矗立的高楼大厦向我问好。累了——就和虾儿鱼儿们讲故事、做游戏;困了——做一个甜甜的美梦。"哎哟,哎哟……"肚子好痛啊,是谁把我的美     

畜禽养殖污染治理技术综述

随着畜禽养殖业的迅速发展，其产生的污染问题已成为我国环境保护的热点和难点问题。本文综述了传统养殖模式下污染物的治理方法，并重点介绍了一种新型的零排放养殖模式，可有效地防治养殖污染，并降低养殖成本，提高产品品质，该模式可扩大试点，并逐步推广。     

Taking Ethics into Account in Farm Animal Breeding: What can the Breeding Companies Achieve?

Animal welfare and the ethical issues it raises have been discussed intensively for a couple of decades. The emphasis has been on the direct effects of housing and husbandry, but more attention is now being given to problems originating in selective breeding. European attempts to adjust animal welfare legislation to deal with these problems have been largely unsuccessful, but the fact that selective breeding can introduce welfare problems continues to place an ethical responsibility on the animal breeding industry. Since breeding decisions are made centrally and, increasingly, internationally, strategic change is only likely to occur if it is embedded in an international agreement of some kind. The aim of this paper is to describe the key ethical issues facing animal breeding and assess the suggestion that the breeding industry itself can deal with ethical issues by means of an ethical code. Results from recent projects involving commercial breeding enterprises are presented.     

生猪养殖适度规模:产出、效益与环境——基于全国8省份1484个养殖户数据的实证

近年来，我国生猪养殖市场产生了剧烈波动，也催生了对生猪养殖适度规模问题的思考。本文基于8省份1484份生猪养殖户的调查数据，采用Translog生产函数和C-D生产函数，从产出、效益和环境三个维度对生猪养殖规模效应进行实证研究。研究表明：生猪养殖规模与环境污染之间存在倒“U”形关系；综合考虑产出、效益和环境三个方面，适度规模应为年出栏1000~1999头；养殖经验对生猪养殖的产出和效益影响显著，环保认知和参加培训状况对环境污染影响显著。基于此，积极引导养殖户合理科学扩大养殖规模、增强环境意识，提升生猪养殖从业人员长期经营的驱动力，对促进养殖行业绿色发展具有重要意义。     

畜禽养殖清洁生产:国外经验与启示

畜禽养殖污染治理是很多国家面临的共同难题。本文从畜禽养殖清洁生产管理和政府规制两个层面入手,对发达国家在应用清洁生产技术、控制养殖规模和推行清洁性操作三方面进行了理论借鉴,并结合美国、欧盟和日本的清洁生产实践详细梳理了发达国家畜禽养殖清洁生产的经验。在此基础上,本文进一步阐述了当前我国畜禽养殖清洁生产的障碍性因素和应对策略,旨在加快推进我国畜禽养殖清洁生产的进程。     

鱼虾贝类立体生态养殖对水质净化作用研究

2009年在山东无棣的滨州市水产研究所养殖基地,进行了鱼虾贝类立体生态养殖对水质净化作用的试验,结果表明:鱼虾贝类立体生态养殖与单纯贝类生态养殖对水质的净化作用相比较,鱼虾贝类立体混养对CODMn、BOD5、无机氮、活性磷酸盐、硫化物、挥发酚的去除率明显高于贝类单独养殖的去除率,总磷的去除率二者相差不大,唯单纯贝类养殖对总氮的去除率高于鱼虾贝类立体养殖。     

How to Consider the Value of Farm Animals in Breeding Goals. A Review of Current Status and Future Challenges

The objective of this paper is to outline challenges associated with the inclusion of welfare issues in breeding goals for farm animals and to review the currently available methodologies and discuss their potential advantages and limitations to address these challenges. The methodology for weighing production traits with respect to cost efficiency and market prices are well developed and implemented in animal breeding goals. However, these methods are inadequate in terms of assessing proper values of traits with social and ethical values such as animal welfare, because such values are unlikely to be readily available from the product prices and costs in the market. Defining breeding goals that take animal welfare and ethical concerns into account, therefore, requires new approaches. In this paper we suggest a framework and an approach for defining breeding goals, including animal welfare. The definition of breeding goals including values related to animal welfare requires a multidisciplinary approach with a combination of different methods such as profit equations, stated preference techniques, and selection index theory. In addition, a participatory approach involving different stakeholders such as breeding organizations, food authorities, farmers, and animal welfare organizations should be applied. We conclude that even though these methods provide the necessary tools for considering welfare issues in the breeding goal, the practical application of these methods is yet to be achieved.     

A plea to implement robustness into a breeding goal: poultry as an example

The combination of breeding for increased production and the intensification of housing conditions have resulted in increased occurrence of behavioral, physiological, and immunological disorders. These disorders affect health and welfare of production animals negatively. For future livestock systems, it is important to consider how to manage and breed production animals. In this paper, we will focus on selective breeding of laying hens. Selective breeding should not only be defined in terms of production, but should also include traits related to animal health and welfare. For this we like to introduce the concept of robustness. The concept of robustness includes individual traits of an animal that are relevant for health and welfare. Improving robustness by selective breeding will increase (or restore) the ability of animals to interact successfully with the environment and thereby to make them more able to adapt to an appropriate husbandry system. Application of robustness into a breeding goal will result in animals with improved health and welfare without affecting their integrity. Therefore, in order to be ethically acceptable, selective breeding in animal production should accept robustness as a breeding goal. L. Star, E. D. Ellen contributed equally to this work. Star belongs to the Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, and the rest of the authors belong to the Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University.     

《物权法》为什么没有规定渔业环境权?

渔业环境权是渔业权人在得到许可的渔业水域从事养殖、捕捞等生产活动时所拥有的保护渔业水域环境的权利。根据物权理论，渔业环境权是一种基于国家对渔业水域的所有权上派生的用益物权，是《物权法》中养殖权和捕捞权的构成要件，它同养殖或捕捞水生动（植）物的所有权、对得到许可的水域（水体）的占有或使用权一起，构成完整的养殖权或捕捞权。这就是现行法律制度没有规定独立的渔业环境权的原因。     

江苏省畜禽养殖污染减排措施与政策研究

为提高江苏省畜禽养殖污染治理水平,达到污染减排要求,完成污染减排任务,本文从分析江苏省畜禽养殖业污染产生量、排放量和污染特征入手,对污染治理措施和法律、法规及政策支撑等进行了归纳总结,深入分析了目前治理中存在的主要问题,提出了适合江苏畜禽养殖污染治理的技术模式,以及促进污染减排目标实现的管理机制和保障条件。     

畜禽养殖污染减排组合处理技术研究进展

针对农村畜禽养殖种类多、地域广、规模大所造成的畜禽污染物产生以及收集方式多样,单一的处理技术无法满足养殖污染物控制要求的问题,对畜禽养殖污染减排组合处理技术进行了综述。