窗式空调器冷凝管道“拍”振的控制技术

本文首先介绍窗式空调器减振降噪的思路与技术方法,使噪声降低2分贝以上。对于因种种原因发生“拍”振的空调器,着重要减少压缩机的振动和冷凝、散热两输入管道的振动,我们采用振动节点上填加高阻尼材料,控制了管道的振动,从而实现了降低空调器的噪声。     

PEMFC电堆简易模拟器

当针对PEMFC电堆的能量转换及热特性,立足于PEMFC测试应用。采用电力电子技术实现动态电能及膜片电压生成;跟随物料平衡算法,可实时调节水、温及信号参量拟合,简述了一种PEMFC电堆简易模拟器实现。     

气压阀门控制器设计

详细介绍了气压阀门控制器的设计过程及仿真结果。该控制器采用倍压芯片进行±15 V供电设计,采用运放+数字电位器进行反馈和给定的调理电路设计,采用运放+电阻电容进行控制电路及驱动电路的设计。该控制器采用前馈控制器B(s)+偏差控制器A(s)对压力进行控制。文中给出了控制器的设计过程和仿真实验波形。从仿真波形的控制结果看,该控制器能够快速响应大偏差,根据偏差大小提前输出负压信号,并能进行稳态精度调节,实现快速准确调节气压的目的。     

旋转压缩机油路系统仿真与试验研究

压缩机泵油系统对滚动转子压缩机性能和可靠性非常重要.为了了解压缩机泵油特性.本文应用CFD软件,采用VOF模型对滚动转子压缩机整个泵油系统进行数值模拟,搭建试验台进行试验,并将模拟和试验结果进行对比,结果表明上法兰螺旋槽处润滑油流量结果吻合很好,误差在10％以内,证明了该仿真方法的可行性.     

柴油机冷起动辅助措施的匹配优化试验研究

重点论述了柴油机冷启动辅助装置燃油加热器的选型试验。对燃油加热器优劣的评价指标进行了分析研究,提出了燃油加热器的评价方法。最后通过样本CFD分析,优化了燃油加热器与发动机之间水路系统的匹配,实际效果进行了试验验证。     

吸附-冷凝回收技术探索

吸附法是一项广泛应用于治理大风量、中低浓度有机废气的浓缩净化技术,具有操作简单、净化效率高的优点。冷凝法是回收高浓度废气极为有效的手段。将吸附浓缩技术与冷凝回收技术进行有效结合,可高效回收中低浓度废气中具有再利用价值的有机溶剂等,实现有机溶剂的资源化回收利用。通过对吸附-冷凝工艺的详细介绍和分析,包括吸附剂和冷媒的选择、结构的优化、工业应用情况等,以期达到回收效率、设备成本及安全性等综合性能的最优化。     

基于液氮冷凝的VOCs深冷回收技术研究

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是大气污染控制的重点控制污染物之一,是形成臭氧污染和PM2.5的主要 前体物。VOCs排放的控制治理对于人类健康、环境保护以及经济发展具有重要意义。冷凝法是一种可以直接 实现废气资源化的回收方式,主要有机械冷凝法和液氮冷凝法。前者受限于制冷温度,难以达到－120℃以下。而液氮冷凝法的制冷温度可低达－180℃,能够满足日趋严格的排放标准。文章针对一种三级液氮冷凝的VOCs回收系统流程及装置开展了分析研究。计算结果表明,系统的经济效益比与处理气量呈弱相关性,而与废气浓度、废气类型密切相关。当浓度从3.8％增加至19.0％时,经济效益比从0.38增长至0.59,年碳减排量从1489t增加至7484t。进一步开展了罐区“甲醇＋甲叔基丁基醚（MTBE）”、装车台“柴油＋汽油＋石脑油” 以及罐区“柴油＋汽油＋石脑油”VOCs气体冷凝回收装置工程样机的研制,三者VOCs冷凝液年回收量分别达到69.88,135.41,692.69m3;对应的年碳减排量分别为127,299,1534t;后两者的年总液氮消耗量大约为2300t,经济效益比在0.27左右。     

制药废气治理工艺改进设计分析

针对上海市某制药企业拟采用的水洗塔+活性炭吸附+催化燃烧尾气治理方案,指出其存在的隐患,提出多级螺纹缠绕管式换热器高效冷凝+酸洗除臭+溶剂吸收+高真空旋转刮板蒸发器溶剂回收循环使用+二级串联2吸1脱活性炭吸附治理方案,实现达标排放。     

制冷空调系统中压缩机缺氟可靠性的试验研究

压缩机作为空调系统的主要核心部件,决定着制冷空调系统的性能和使用寿命;随着系统中冷媒量的减少,压缩机绕组温度及排气温度将不断升高,出现润滑油恶化等问题,易造成压缩机的损坏。本文通过对不同冷媒充注量下系统运行参数的研究,得出缺氟状态下排气温度、绕组温度、蒸发器温度及冷凝器温度的变化趋势,并提出一种采用蒸发器温度及冷凝器温度进行判断的缺氟保护控制方法,避免了压缩机的超负荷运行。     

低浓度SO_3测试方法及湿式电除尘器SO_3排放特征

采用冷凝法或冷凝法与异丙醇吸收相结合的采样方法测定SO_3。结果表明,不同型式的湿式电除尘器SO_3排放一般在5mg/m~3以下,SO_3脱除效率一般在60%~80%,导电玻璃钢湿式电除尘器板电流密度一般比金属极板湿式电除尘器大,因此其SO_3脱除效率普遍更高。     

Natural gas engine driven heat pump system – a case study of an office building

ABSTRACT

An eQUEST model was developed to conduct a simulation study of a natural gas engine-driven heat pump (GEHP) for an office building in Woodstock, Ontario, Canada. Prior to the installation of the GEHP, the heating and cooling demands of the office building were provided by rooftop units (RTUs), comprising of natural gas heater and electric air conditioner. Energy consumption for both GEHP and RTUs were monitored for operation in alternating months. These recorded energy consumptions along with weather data were used in the regression analysis. The developed eQUEST models were validated and calibrated with the regression analysis results with respect to the ASHRAE Guideline 14–2014. The eventual models were then applied to investigate the potential annual energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and energy cost savings achieved by using the GEHP in Woodstock, and other cities in Canada, particularly in Ontario.     

Optimal heat rejection pressure for transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle with an expander

Heat rejection pressure plays an important role in designing a transcritical CO₂ refrigeration system, and it has an optimal value to maximize the system’s coefficient of performance (COP). With a thermodynamic simulation model, the optimal heat rejection pressure is studied in the paper for an expander cycle, as well as conventional throttle valve cycle. The effects of compressor efficiency, expander efficiency, gas cooler outlet temperature, and evaporation temperature on the optimal heat rejection pressure are analyzed. It is the first time for a transcritical CO₂ expander cycle that the optimal heat rejection pressure is correlated with the gas cooler outlet temperature and the evaporation temperature at given compressor efficiency and expander efficiency. The average deviation from the correlation to simulation results is less than 1.0%. The correlation provides a guideline to system development and performance optimization of a transcritical CO₂ expander cycle.     

Performance of a small-scale solar-powered adsorption cooling system

In this study, an experimental investigation on the performance of a small-scale residential-size solar-driven adsorption (silica gel-water) cooling system that was constructed at Assiut University campus, Egypt is carried out. As Assiut area is considered as hot, arid climate, field tests for performance assessment of the system operation during the summer season are performed under different environmental operating conditions. The system consists of an evacuated tube with a reflective concentration parabolic surface solar-collector field with a total area of 36 m², a silica gel-water adsorption chiller of 8 kW nominal cooling capacity, and hot and cold water thermal storage tanks of 1.8 and 1.2 m³ in volume, respectively. The results of summer season field test show that under daily solar insolation varying from 21 to 27 MJ/m², the solar collectors employed in the system had high and almost constant thermal efficiency. The daily solar-collector efficiency during the period of system operation ranged from about 50% to 78%. The adsorption chiller performance shows that the chiller average daily coefficient of performance (COP) was 0.41 with the average cooling capacity of 4.4 kW when the cooling-water and chilled-water temperatures were about 31°C and 19°C, respectively. As the chiller cooling water is cooled by the cooling tower in the hot arid area, the cooling water is at a higher temperature than the design point of the chiller. Therefore, an experiment was carried out using the city water for cooling. The results show that an enhancement in the chiller COP by 40% and the chilling power by 17% has been achieved when the city water was 27.7°C.     

Biomass Based Sorption Cooling Systems for Cold Storage Applications

Controlled atmospheric storage is a widely popular technique for storage of fruits and vegetables. In this paper, the experimental studies on biomass powered absorption systems for cold storage applications using ammonia water as a working fluid pair is presented. The heat input to the absorption system is supplied by a producer gas obtained from a downdraft gasifier, using firewood as fuel. The system is designed and fabricated to store about 15 MT of fruits and vegetables, having a cooling capacity of 3 TR. The effect of sink temperature, solution flow rate, cooling water flow rate and biomass consumption on the performance of the system has been analyzed. It is found that the real co-efficient of performance of the system is around 0.35 - 0.2, considering the source-site factor for auxiliary power consumption. The operating Cost/h for the biomass based cold storage system is lower than the presently available conventional compression based units.     

Adsorptive cooling: a clean technology

As a consequence of the Kyoto Protocol and its predecessor, the Montreal Protocol, environmental considerations will play an important role in the choice of a refrigeration or heat pump system. Accordingly, sorption technology is expected to develop for cooling as well as for heat pump applications because it uses benign fluids. At the moment, liquid absorption technology is the leading technology in that field; however, adsorption offers advantages that cannot be achieved by liquid absorption technology. This article addresses the measures to reduce halocarbon emissions and the possibilities of adsorption technology. Not only are the direct emissions taken into account but also the indirect ones due to energy consumption. Several cases that show that adsorption cooling is very promising, from the global warming point of view, are considered in this article. They are: waste heat adsorption chilling, natural gas adsorption chilling, trigeneration and natural gas reversible heat pump. Adsorption air conditioning for automobiles is also discussed as a very challenging possibility for adsorption cooling.     

Testing and performance analysis of a hollow fiber-based core for evaporative cooling and liquid desiccant dehumidification

In this study, an innovative heat and mass transfer core is proposed to provide thermal comfort and humidity control using a hollow fiber contactor with multiple bundles of micro-porous hollow fibers. The hollow fiber-based core utilizes 12 bundles aligned vertically, each with 1,000 packed polypropylene hollow fibers. The proposed core was developed and tested under various operating and ambient conditions as a cooling core for a compact evaporative cooling unit and a dehumidification core for a liquid desiccant dehumidification unit. As a cooling core, the fiber-based evaporative cooler provides a maximum cooling capacity of 502 W with a wet bulb effectiveness of 85%. As a dehumidification core and employing potassium formate as a liquid desiccant, the dehumidifier is capable of reducing the air relative humidity by 17% with an overall dehumidification capacity of 733 W and humidity effectiveness of 47%. Being cheap and simple to design with their attractive heat and mass transfer characteristics and the corresponding large surface area-to-volume ratio, hollow fiber membrane contactors provide a promising alternative for cooling and dehumidification applications.     

城市电厂大型机力通风冷却塔的噪声控制

针对城市电厂大型机力通风冷却塔的噪声污染,以北京太阳宫燃气热电冷联供工程中应用的机力通风冷却塔噪声控制为例,通过分析研究冷却塔各声源不同的频谱特性和传播特性,并根据厂界噪声控制目标计算声源的超标量和设计降噪量,采取隔声、消声和吸声等综合集成的噪声控制技术,设计开发了大型机力通风冷却塔降噪消声装置,取得了理想效果,使厂界噪声达到I类标准,为低噪声机力通风冷却塔的声学设计提供了工程实践参考。     

Effect of pipes in heat pump system on electric vehicle energy saving

ABSTRACT

Refrigerant pressure drop and temperature change in pipes are normally ignored in the thermodynamic analysis of traditional vehicle air conditioning system, this will result in serious errors. In this Paper, pressure drop and temperature difference are simulated in different pipes of electric vehicle (EV) heat pump system to analysis the effects of pipes in the actual EV heat pump system. The results indicate that the greater the mass flow, the faster pressure drop increases, the temperature difference decreases. Pressure drop of saturated liquid refrigerant is smaller than that of saturated gas refrigerant at the same saturation pressure and mass flow rate. The higher the refrigerant pressure (no phase change), the slower pressure drop decreases, the faster the temperature difference decreases. Pressure drop decreases with the increment of bending angle of the pipe. For EV heat pump system, suitable valves and less branches are helpful for energy saving of the system. Shortening the pipe between compressor and condenser can reduce temperature change obviously. Pressure drop per unit length in the pipe between evaporator and compressor is large especially in heating mode because of lower refrigerant density. It even reaches to over 100 times of that in the pipe between condenser and throttle valve in heating mode and has negative effects on the performance of the system. If the evaporator is closer to the compressor and the number of branches is less, then pressure drop will decrease a lot, which will be advantageous for energy saving of the heat pump system.     

Artificially roughened solar air heater: A comparative study

Artificially roughened solar air heater has been topic in research for the last 30 years. Prediction of heat transfer and fluid flow processes of an artificially roughened solar air heater can be obtained by three approaches: theoretical, experimental, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This article provides a comprehensive review of the published literature on the investigations of artificially roughened solar air heater. In the present article, an attempt has been made to present holistic view of various roughness geometries used for creating artificial roughness in solar air heater for heat transfer enhancement. This extensive review reveals that quite a lot of work has been reported on design of artificially roughened solar air heater by experimental approach but only a few studies have been done by theoretical and CFD approaches. Finally this article presents a comparative study of thermo-hydraulic performance of 21 different types of artificial roughness geometries attached on the absorber plate of solar air heater in terms of thermo-hydraulic performance parameter. Heat transfer and friction factor correlations developed by various investigators for different types of artificially roughened solar air heaters have also been reported in this article.     

天然气压缩机降噪工艺研究

通过天然气压缩机降噪治理,使增压站场厂界噪声达到GB 12348-2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》2、3类功能区排放限值,减少噪声污染,是一项重要的环保工作。文章分析了噪声测量方法、天然气压缩机噪声产生机理、压缩机原始噪声测试、降噪工艺技术为:合理选择消声器,合理选定压缩机安装位置等。该工艺在降噪过程中没有涉及压缩机的机体改造,从而不会因降噪而影响机组各种设备的使用性能;机组的操作、检修、观察及机械声音判断等要求没有受到影响。