汽车尾气三效催化剂简介

文章综合了相关资料，比较详细介绍了汽车尾气三效催化剂的载体、涂层、活性组分和主要助剂，并指出三效催化剂研究、应用的发展趋势。     

新一代三效催化剂的关键材料—CexZr1—xO2固溶体研究进展

汽车尾气排放法规的日趋严格迫切要求开发高性能的三效催化剂。传统三效催化剂中的CeO2高温下易发生烧结而降低或失去储氧能力。而加入锆所形成的CexZr1-xO2固溶体具有良好的抗高温老化性能、低温还原性能和较高的储氧能力，可以作为新一代三效催化剂的关键材料。     

汽车尾气净化催化剂研究进展

介绍了汽车尾气净化催化剂的发展过程、三效催化剂的净化原理以及催化剂的组成等.     

新一代三效催化剂的关键材料─CexZr1-xO2固溶体研究进展

汽车尾气排放法规的日趋严格迫切要求开发高性能的三效催化剂.传统三效催化剂中的CeO2高温下易发生烧结而降低或失去储氧能力.而加入锆所形成的CexZr1-xO2固溶体具有良好的抗高温老化性能、低温还原性能和较高的储氧能力,可以作为新一代三效催化剂的关键材料.     

汽车尾气净化剂的发展,现状及前景

催化净化是控制汽车尾气污染的主要手段。文章介绍了汽车尾气催化剂的发展过程：描了了当今普遍使用的三效转化催化剂“提出了未来尾气净化催化剂的发展趋势及需要解决的问题，ＴＷＣ催化剂是以贵金属Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ和Ｒｈ为适性组元，引入Ｃｅ，Ｌａ，Ｂａ和Ｚｒ等为助剂，担载在高比表面物质上制备面成一的类性能优虹的催化剂，它能对尾气中的３种主要有害物质ＮＯｘ，ＣＯ和ＨＣ同时进行转化。     

三效汽车净化催化剂性能研究

以汽车尾气模拟装置中产生的气体作为模拟废气,对JFG型催化剂处理汽车排气中CO、HC和NO_x的三效性能进行了研究。结果表明,该催化剂具有低起燃温度,良好的三效性能和热稳定性。利用TPD-MS测定了催化剂表面氧数目及脱附性能。通过汽车发动机怠速试验和初步行车30000km,证明该催化剂具有较好的应用开发前景。     

汽车尾气净化催化剂的发展、现状及前景

催化净化是控制汽车尾气污染的主要手段。文章介绍了汽车尾气净化催化剂的发展过程;描述了当今普遍使用的三效转化(TWC)催化剂;提出了未来尾气净化催化剂的发展趋势及需要解决的问题。TWC催化剂是以贵金属Pt、Pd和Rh为活性组元,引入Ce、La、Ba和Zr等作为助剂,担载在高比表面物质上制备而成的一类性能优异的催化剂,它能对尾气中的3种主要有害物质NOx、CO和HC同时进行转化。     

三效催化净化器及其应用前景

三效催化净化器用于治理汽车尾气，可同时净化CO、HC和NOx三种污染物。章介绍了三效催化净化器的结构和工作原理，分析了其市场前景，认为稀土型三效催化净化器具有较好的性能价格比，市场前景可观。     

用改性三效催化剂净化汽车尾气的试验研究

在制备Cu-Mn-Ce-O三效催化剂的基础上，通过实验研究了制备各种催化剂的空燃比特性和温度特性，结果表明：掺杂非贵金属K、Fe和TiO2只能提高尾气中某些组分的转化率，缩小催化剂的操作窗口；贵金属Pd的加入提高了催化剂的三效活性，加宽了催化剂的操作窗口，而催化剂的起燃温度没有明显降低。     

汽车尾气净化用催化剂的结构及特性

纵观汽车尾气净化用催化剂的发现，发展，是纳米级的贵金属、助催化剂及载体起主要作用。本文从纳米级的观点对汽车尾气净化用三元催化剂的形态，特性及结构作介绍。     

Progress on metal-support interactions in Pd-based catalysts for automobile emission control

The interactions between metals and oxide supports, so-called metal-support interactions (MSI), are of great importance in heterogeneous catalysis. Pd-based automotive exhaust control catalysts, especially Pd-based three-way catalysts (TWCs), have received considerable research attention owing to its prominent oxidation activity of HCs/CO, as well as excellent thermal stability. For Pd-based TWCs, the dispersion, chemical state and thermal stability of Pd species, which are crucial to the catalytic performance, are closely associated with interactions between metal nanoparticles and their supporting matrix. Progress on the research about MSI and utilization of MSI in advanced Pd-based three-way catalysts are reviewed here. Along with the development of advanced synthesis approaches and engine control technology, the study on MSI would play a notable role in further development of catalysts for automobile exhaust control.     

Effects of synthesis methods on the performance of Pt + Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 three-way catalysts

The 0.7 wt% Pt + 0.3 wt% Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalysts were fabricated via different methods, including ultrasonic-assisted membrane reduction(UAMR) co-precipitation, UAMR separation precipitation, co-impregnation, and sequential impregnation. The catalysts were physico-chemically characterized by N2 adsorption, XRD, TEM, and H2-TPR techniques, and evaluated for three-way catalytic activities with simulated automobile exhaust. UAMR co-precipitation- and UAMR separation precipitationprepared catalysts exhibited a high surface area and metal dispersion, wide λ window and excellent conversion for NOx reduction under lean conditions. Both fresh and aged catalysts from UAMRprecipitation showed the high surface areas of ca. 60–67 m2/g and 18–22 m2/g, respectively, high metal dispersion of 41%–55%, and small active particle diameters of 2.1–2.7 nm. When these catalysts were aged, the catalysts prepared by the UAMR method exhibited a wider working window(Δλ = 0.284–0.287) than impregnated ones(Δλ = 0.065–0.115) as well as excellent three-way catalytic performance, and showed lower T50(169.C) and T90(195.C) for NO reduction than the aged catalysts from impregnation processes, which were at 265 and 309.C, respectively. This implied that the UAMR-separation precipitation has important potential for industrial applications to improve catalytic performance and thermal stability. The fresh and aged 0.7 wt% Pt + 0.3 wt% Rh/Ce0:6Zr0:4O2 catalysts prepared by the UAMR-separation precipitation method exhibited better catalytic performance than the corresponding catalysts prepared by conventional impregnation routes.     

钯、铜、锰、铈三效催化剂性能研究

应用脉冲－火焰反应装置、ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ和氢氧滴定技术来研究Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ三效催化剂的性能。实验结果表明，不同的制备Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ催化剂的方法，则催化活性各不相同。在分层制备的催化剂中，催化性能主要以外层组分性能为主；以混合浸渍法制备的样品中，ＣｕＭｎ＿２Ｏ＿４相消失，Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ表面氧环境发生变化；表面活性剂的添加改变了Ｐｄ的分布，使催化剂表面易于还原；这些改变均对催化剂的三效性能发生影响。催化剂表面的有效贮氧量与三效活性没有明显的关系。     

A novel four-way combining catalysts for simultaneous removal of exhaust pollutants from diesel engine

A novel four-way combining catalysts containing double layers was applied to simultaneously remove four kinds of exhaust pollutants(NOx,CO,HC and PM) emitted from diesel engine.The four-way catalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS).Their catalytic performances were evaluated by temperature-programmed reaction technology.The double layer catalysts could effectively remove the four main pollutants.The highest catalytic activity was given by the two-layered catalysts of La0.6K0.4CoO3/Al2O3 and W/HZSM-5.Under the simulated exhaust gases conditions,the peak temperature of the soot combustion was 421°C,the maximal conversion of NO to N2 was 74%,the temperature of the HC total conversion was 357°C,and the maximum conversion ratio of CO was 99%.     

复合氧化物用于汽车排气催化氧化的实验研究

本文制备出一种非贵金属复合氧化物催化剂 ,可用于治理汽车排气中的 CO和 HC,初步研究了其对 CO和 C3 H6的催化氧化效果 ,实验结果表明 ,该催化剂具有较好的催化氧化能力     

车用乙醇汽油和无铅汽油对电喷汽车排放性能的影响

分别对电喷车长时间燃用乙醇汽油、无铅汽油前后的喷油器流量进行了测试,并采用轻型汽车整车排放测试系统对燃用不同油时的主要污染排放物HC、CO和NO_x进行了分析.结果表明:与无铅汽油相比,乙醇汽油能有效降低发动机排放的CO和HC(均约10%)及经过三元催化转化器作用后HC、CO和NO_x的排放,燃用无铅汽油时整车在装有三元催化转化器下的排放达到或接近欧洲1号排放标准,换用乙醇汽油后,CO降低较明显,达30%左右,HC和NO_x分别降低约18%、10%,此时排放在欧洲1号排放标准之上或接近欧洲2号排放标准;乙醇汽油还具有优于无铅汽油的其它性能,如对喷油器有轻微的清净作用,发动机排放的CO和HC恶化趋势较慢,延长三元催化转化器的使用寿命.     

Exhaust emissions from gasoline-fuelled light duty vehicles operated in different driving conditions: A chemical and biological characterization

Chemical analysis and mutagenicity tests on Salmonella typtimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 (Ames test) of exhaust emissions from five passengers vehicles, with or without a three-way catalyst, have been carried out to obtain emission factors and to characterize exhaust emissions. Both constant cruising speeds and transient driving conditions were investigated, regulated CO, HC, NO_x and particulates, as well as unregulated pollutants, were analysed. The following unregulated pollutants were measured: particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), 1-nitropyrene, light aromatics and light oxygenates. In total, 39 individual compounds were assayed. Emissions from catalyst-equipped vehicles showed a dramatic decrease compared with those from the vehicle without a catalyst. An emission dependency of both regulated and unregulated pollutants and biological activity on driving conditions were determined. An increased emission of PAH, 1-nitropyrene, particulates and mutagenic activity was found with a higher cruising speed.     

The prospects for global green car mobility

The quest for green car mobility faces two major challenges: air pollution from exhaust emissions and global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle air pollution emissions are being successfully tackled in many countries by technical solutions such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol and three-way catalytic converters. Many researchers advocate a similar approach for overcoming transport's climate change impacts. This study argues that finding a technical solution for this problem is not possible. Instead, the world will have to move to an alternative surface transport system involving far lower levels of motorised travel.     

柴油车燃料添加型催化剂研究进展

现代柴油机油耗低、动力强,但是排放的尾气中黑烟颗粒物PM(particulate matter)会对环境和人类健康造成危害。随着排放法规的日益严格,净化处理刻不容缓。当前对其排放控制的主要手段是使用颗粒物捕集器DPF(diesel particulate filter)捕集PM,并采用催化剂或提高尾气温度促其燃烧以实现DPF再生。燃料添加型催化剂FBC(fuel borne catalyst)能保证催化剂与PM紧密接触,使DPF在尾气温度范围内即可再生。文章对近年来FBC的研究开发进展进行了总结,并指出了该类催化剂的发展方向,即发展纳米级FBC。