劳动部发出1992年职业安全卫生、矿山安全卫生和锅炉压力容器安全工作要点

本刊讯 最近,劳动部职业安全卫生监察局、矿山安全卫生监察局和锅炉压力容器安全卫生监察局,根据部的总的工作部署,结合全国安全生产形势,分别制定了1992年工作要点。劳动部办公厅以通知形式发给全国各地区、各有关部门和各总公司,要求结合实际情况开展工作。职业安全卫生工作要点 1991年全国的安全生产形势基本上是平稳的,但职业危害仍很严重,建筑业职工伤亡事故呈上升趋势。在这种形势厂,根据去年9月中央工作会议精神.1992年职业安全卫生工作,要进一步贯彻“安全第一,预防为主”的方什,加强法制建设,强化囤家监察和缔合馒理职能,加强监察…     

关于成立全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证指导委员会的通知

关于成立全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证指导委员会的通知各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市及新疆生产建设兵团经贸委 (经委 ) ,国务院有关部门 ,各委管国家局 :　　为加强对职业安全卫生管理体系认证工作的管理和指导 ,保证职业安全卫生管理体系认证工作的公正性和权威性 ,促进企业改善安全生产条件 ,提高安全管理水平 ,减少职工伤亡事故和职业危害 ,国家经贸委决定成立全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证指导委员会 (以下简称指导委员会 ) ,指导委员会下设全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证机构认可委员会 (以下简称认可委员会 )和全国职业安全卫生…     

国家经济贸易委员会文件 国经贸安全[2000]701号 关于成立全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证指导委员会的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市及新疆生产建设兵团经贸委 (经委 ),国务院有关部门,各委管国家局： 　　为加强对职业安全卫生管理体系认证工作的管理和指导,保证职业安全卫生管理体系认证工作的公正性和权威性,促进企业改善安全生产条件,提高安全管理水平,减少职工伤亡事故和职业危害,国家经贸委决定成立全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证指导委员会 (以下简称指导委员会 ),指导委员会下设全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证机构认可委员会 (以下简称认可委员会 )和全国职业安全卫生管理体系审核员注册委员会 (以下简称注册委员会 )。现…     

关于成立全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证指导委员会的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市及新疆生产建设兵团经贸委 (经委 ) ,国务院有关部门 ,各委管国家局 :为加强对职业安全卫生管理体系认证工作的管理和指导 ,保证职业安全卫生管理体系认证工作的公正性和权威性 ,促进企业改善安全生产条件 ,提高安全管理水平 ,减少职工伤亡事故和职业危害 ,国家经贸委决定成立全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证指导委员会 (以下简称指导委员会 ) ,指导委员会下设全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证机构认可委员会 (以下简称认可委员会 )和全国职业安全卫生管理体系审核员注册委员会 (以下简称注册委员会 )。现将有关…     

台湾的职业安全卫生培训

职业安全卫生培训工作 ,台湾称为“劳工安全卫生训练”。在各项安全生产活动中倍受重视。台湾的有关负责部门认为 :由于人的不安全行为所造成的事故占８８%以上 ,因此 ,加强劳工的安全卫生教育 ,是防止事故最基本有效的方法。实施安全卫生教育 ,可以达到下列目的 :１.防止职业灾害之发生 ;２.防止因职业灾害所伴随发生的财产损失 ;３.改善作业方法 ,提高劳动工作效率 ;４.促进劳动作业安全 ,增进劳工对工作之信赖 ,促使劳资关系更加和谐。台湾有两个劳工安全卫生训练机构 ,即“工业安全卫生协会”和“生产力中心” ,由这两个机构开展劳工安…     

乡镇工业企业的职业安全卫生工作亟待加强管理

说明目前乡镇工业企业中职业安全卫生问题十分突出。据调查，厂矿工伤事故发生率为８．２３％，每千名职工的工伤发生率为２．６６人，每十万名职工的工伤死亡率为７．０２人。通过对事故的原因进行分析，提出了加强监督管理的建议。     

国外职业安全卫生立法的启示

国外职业安全卫生立法的启示曹书平７０年代以来，西方发达国家和地区，为加强政府对雇主为雇员提供的工作条件和工作场所的监察，先后进行立法，把职业安全卫生工作纳入了法制的轨道。从实践看，效果是好的。国外职业安全卫生立法的情况，对我国在市场经济条件下加强劳动...     

职业卫生监督的内容

职业卫生监督是指国家授权工业卫生监督机构,对辖区内的企业事业单位或部门贯彻执行国家有关工业劳动卫生的法令、法规、条例、办法和工业卫生标准情况所进行的监察、督促,并对违反法规及规章事件进行处理的一种执法行为,是工业卫生机构代表国家依法行使保护职工健康权力的一种管理方式。职业卫生监督可分为经常性卫生监督、预防性卫生监督和事故性卫生监督。     

全国职业安全卫生管理体系认证机构认可委员会文件 关于对职业安全卫生管理体系认证机构在认证活动中的补充要求的通知

各有关单位：为了更好地贯彻国家经贸委《关于开展职业安全卫生管理体系认证工作的通知》(国经贸安全[1999]983号)和《职业安全卫生管理体系认证机构认可要求》(认可委[2000]1号)文件精神,现对认证机构在认证活动中提出以下补充要求：1.认证机构在受理企业认证申请的同时,应将受理通知同时通报给当地的安全生产监督管理部门。2.认证机构应将审核结果报送职业安全卫生管理体系认证机构认可委员会办公室,并通报给当地安全生产监督管理部门。3.认证机构应要求获证企业向其报告体系的运转情况,当获证企业发生了意外事故时,认证机构应及时对…     

关于对职业安全卫生管理体系认证机构在认证活动中的补充要求的通知

各有关单位 :为了更好地贯彻国家经贸委《关于开展职业安全卫生管理体系认证工作的通知》(国经贸安全 [1999]983号 )和《职业安全卫生管理体系认证机构认可要求》(认可委 [2 0 0 0 ]1号 )文件精神 ,现对认证机构在认证活动中提出以下补充要求 :1.认证机构在受理企业认证申请的同时 ,应将受理通知同时通报给当地的安全生产监督管理部门。2 .认证机构应将审核结果报送职业安全卫生管理体系认证机构认可委员会办公室 ,并通报给当地安全生产监督管理部门。3.认证机构应要求获证企业向其报告体系的运转情况 ,当获证企业发生了意外事故时 ,认证机…     

Small enterprises – Accountants as occupational health and safety intermediaries

Small enterprises face serious occupational health and safety challenges. The occupational risks are high and resources to control the risks are low. There is an ongoing search for ways that authorities and professional bodies can efficiently reach out to small enterprises with preventive measures. It has been suggested in the literature that accountants could act as intermediaries on health and safety. A pilot project was carried out in Denmark to test this possibility. State-authorized accountants were invited to training seminars to give them the necessary health and safety knowledge to provide advice to small enterprises. 164 accountants participated in the seminars and 74 accountants replied to a follow up questionnaire about their experience of advising their small enterprise clients about health and safety. Most of the accountants had actually given health and safety advice and for most of them it was a positive experience. However, they also faced constraints due to the relatively minor role health and safety played in their agendas with their clients and their own limited knowledge about health and safety even after taking part in the training seminars. This study concludes that it is possible for accountants to act as health and safety intermediaries, but that institutional support for the training activities is important to secure a broader application of this approach.     

Occupational hazards to health of port workers

Objectives. The aim of this article is to reduce the risk of occupational hazards and improve safety conditions by enhancing hazard knowledge and identification as well as improving safety behavior for freight port enterprises. Methods. In the article, occupational hazards to health and their prevention measures of freight port enterprises have been summarized through a lot of occupational health evaluation work, experience and understanding. Results. Workers of freight port enterprises confront an equally wide variety of chemical, physical and psychological hazards in production technology, production environment and the course of labor. Such health hazards have been identified, the risks evaluated, the dangers to health notified and effective prevention measures which should be put in place to ensure the health of the port workers summarized. Discussion. There is still a long way to go for the freight port enterprises to prevent and control the occupational hazards. Except for occupational hazards and their prevention measures, other factors that influence the health of port workers should also be paid attention to, such as age, work history, gender, contraindication and even the occurrence and development rules of occupational hazards in current production conditions.     

Occupational and public health and safety in a changing work environment: An integrated approach for risk assessment and prevention

During recent years the work environment has undergone significant changes regarding working time, years of employment, work organization, type of employment contracts and working conditions. In this paper, consequences of these changes on occupational and public health and safety are examined. These include the disruption of human biological rhythms, the increase of workers fatigue due to changes in patterns of working hours and years of employment, job insecurity and occupational stress, which have a serious impact on workers’ health and may result in an increase in occupational accidents. Unsafe work practices related to workload and time pressure, the impact of work changes on public safety and the deterioration of workers’ living conditions with respect to income, social-family life, health and insurance benefits, are also described. In this context, difficulties that occur due to the changing work environment in conducting effective occupational risk assessments and implementing OSH measures are discussed (for example, frequent changes between tasks and workplaces, underreporting of occupational accidents and diseases, lack of methodological tools, etc.). A fundamental criterion used while studying consequences on health and safety and the relative preventive measures is that health and safety must be approached as ‘the promotion and maintenance at the highest degree of the physical, mental and social well-being of workers’ and not only as retention of their work ability. Limits in combining “flexibility” at work and overall protection of occupational and public safety and health in a competitive market are put forward for discussion.     

中国职业安全的现实问题

中国职业安全现实引起社会关注,特别是务工农民伤亡事故的数字背后,隐含着对职业安全的认识,职业人群的安全健康理念,职业安全健康的法规基础等深层次问题。笔者指出了现代职业安全存在的现实状况;提出需要关注的难点;强调人的安全健康是职业安全的实质;给出了职业安全与安全生产的差异,分析了务工农民的安全意识与安全文化冲突,呼吁职业安全需要法律保障,建立一体化的职业安全健康法律法规体系,以《宪法》为基础,以人为本,保护从业人员的安全健康。     

Economic cost of occupational accidents: Evidence from a small island economy

Though a number of occupational accidents have occurred amongst the working population in Mauritius, no study has been carried out to measure the costs associated with such accidents to the best of our knowledge. This study bridges this gap by measuring the economic costs of occupational accidents by using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results show that occupational accidents result in costs amounting to nearly Rs. 168 mn of which a major part is accounted for, by loss in productivity. Alongside the highest rate of accidents took place within small enterprises and younger workers are the one taking higher risks mainly due to lack of knowledge and risk awareness. The findings also reveal that only 4% employers believe that investment in safety and health is important for maintaining good business partly because most of the costs are borne by the state. Such a situation therefore requires the need for awareness on practical health and safety systems and procedures among both employees and employers with a view to prevent accident and injuries.     

煤矿职业安全与健康对经济的影响研究

煤矿职业安全与健康问题不但直接危害劳动者的生命安全与其家庭幸福,还对社会、经济发展和家庭造成巨大影响。笔者在对世界职业安全与健康状况分析基础上,重点分析了我国煤矿安全事故对经济发展的影响,并提出了迅速扭转煤矿安全生产的严峻形势及改善现状的相关对策:从借鉴国外先进经验;完善安全监管机制;维护员工合法权益;坚持以人为本,培育煤矿安全文化;落实煤矿安全生产主体责任;加大科技创新,安全投入等途径,不断提高煤矿职业安全与健康水平,建设本质安全型煤矿,大幅度降低伤亡事故发生。     

An application of the Pareto method in surveys to diagnose managers’ and workers’ perception of occupational safety and health on selected Polish construction sites

The construction industry is an important sector of the economy in Poland. According to the National Labour Inspectorate (PIP) data of 2014, the number of victims of fatal accidents in the construction sector amounted to 80 as compared with 187 injured in all other sectors of economy in Poland. This article presents the results of surveys on the impact of construction worker behaviour on the occupational safety and health outcomes. The surveys took into account the point of view of both construction site management (tactical level) and construction workers (operational level). For the analysis of results, the method of numerical taxonomy and Pareto charts was employed, which allowed the authors to identify the areas of occupational safety and health at both an operational and a tactical level, in which improvement actions needed to be proposed for workers employed in micro, small, medium and large construction enterprises.     

83家井工煤矿在岗农民工尘肺病现状调查及预防对策研究

为调查井工煤矿在岗农民工尘肺病防治现状并提出对策措施,采用分层整群抽样调查方法对4省（市）的83家井工煤矿进行调研,调查内容包括:职业卫生管理现状、职业健康监护与尘肺病诊断资料、X线胸片、农民工基本情况、职业卫生知识知晓情况、社会保险待遇等。调查结果显示:83家井工煤矿的职业病危害防治工作领导小组设置率和管理制度制定率均为100%,但制度内容和职业卫生培训缺乏针对性;粉尘危害防治费用平均为吨煤0.18元/月;采煤和掘进工作面的总尘浓度约为1.02～49.5 mg/m3;在岗检查时,农民工肺部异常的检出率高于正式工,在岗农民工疑似尘肺病检出率为7.94%,农民工尘肺病平均发病工龄14.47 a±6.79 a,平均发病年龄42.56岁±5.80岁,与正式工相比,农民工发病工龄短、发病年龄小。因此,建议政府从法规标准建设、探索职业健康责任险、加大监管力度等方面,企业从强化主体责任意识、源头治理及农民工职业卫生培训等方面,加强农民工尘肺病的防治工作。     

Training trade unionists in ergonomics: Interaction between public policies, trade union practices and the development of research

For a number of years now, enterprises have become increasingly interested in training in the area of health and safety at work. Even though trade unionists and managers see different advantages in such training, they share the same willingness to reduce occupational injuries. Even if demand for training is sometimes limited on purpose (all that is expected of it is to pass on recipes enabling work to be continued without getting hurt), training in safety and health is a privileged point of contact between researchers and trade unionists. But the contact between these two groups of actors in the process of changing working conditions does not happen without raising a number of questions: that of reciprocal mental images of each other, for instance, something which will condition the ways in which their knowledge meets; or the issue of the target groups of training: all the workers or just the delegates representing the workers in cooperation bodies? Other fundamental questions relate to the context in which training takes place: what type of training should take pride of place? What is the role of the expert in this approach? And how should the expert's knowledge be linked in with that of the workers?