流溪河水质评价与监控措施

对流溪河水源1997-2003年连续7年的水质监测资料进行了分析,并采用有机综合污染指数法进行了水质评价.结果表明,流溪河水源的有机污染综合评价值逐年升高,水质逐年变差,尤其近3年来出现重污染现象,且各断面在枯水期受到的污染最严重;其次为丰水期;平水期受到的污染最轻.最后提出了加强有机污染监控和保护流溪河水资源的对策和建议.     

乌鲁木齐市水磨河水环境污染特征及成因分析

旨在调查水磨河的污染状况及成因,对水磨河1986-2003年间的水环境质量监测数据和主要污染物的时空分布特征进行了分析,并对水磨河水环境容量进行了估算.采用综合污染指数法将水磨河4个监测断面每个年份的水环境质量进行等级划分.结果表明,水磨河的水污染主要表现为线污染,从上游至下游,水质污染程度逐渐加大,污染程度非常严重,水磨河的调控治理已是当务之急.     

松花江渔业生态环境特征与质量评价

松花江是中国东北重要的渔业生产水域,监测与评价其水质,掌握渔业生态环境特征和水环境状况具有重要意义.在松花江干流布设23个监测断面,通过现场理化因子和浮游生物分析与调查,并结合获取的数据,依据国家地表水3类标准和渔业水质标准,采用综合评价指数(P)、有机污染综合评价指数(A)及生物多样性指数(H)等对松花江水质及渔业生态环境特征进行评价.结果表明,松花江干流水中高锰酸盐指数平均值在5.0 mg/L以下,溶解氧质量浓度平均值在8.0 mg/L以上.浮游植物有102种,其中硅藻门种类最多,占47.8％;浮游动物包括轮虫、枝角类、桡足类和原生动物,其中轮虫种类最多,占57.6％.冰封季节是鱼类生态脆弱期,经过多年的治理和污水截流,松花江干流水质逐渐好转,P值为1.05,A值为1.25,浮游植物H值为2.48,浮游动物H值为1.58,整体上已由中度污染向轻度污染转变,渔业生态环境和鱼类资源逐渐得到恢复,生物多样性明显增加.松花江水环境质量的改善为鱼类生长、繁殖提供了重要条件.     

绵竹市典型河流水污染特征及水质评价

于2017年3月、8月和11月,每月月初对绵竹市两条典型河流(绵远河与马尾河)5个监测断面表层水样进行采集,选取8个水质指标进行因子特征分析,并采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法和主成分分析法对河流水质进行评价。两条河流水体呈弱碱性。单因子评价法表明,总磷(TP)为两条河流水质的主要限制因子。综合污染指数法表明,除马尾河中间断面外,其他水质状况均为轻度污染,且枯水期水质最差。主要污染因子为氨氮(NH3-N)、TP和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)。主成分分析表明,断面水质主要受砷(As)、溶解氧(DO)、CODMn、氟离子(F^-)、TP和NH3-N等多个因子影响,出境断面水质优于中间断面。3种方法结合定性和定量评价,评价结论不一致,所以应用多种方法来评价水质具有重要意义。     

黄金河渔业生态养殖区水质综合评价及分析

以2014年黄金河生态养殖区水质监测资料为依据,选择具有代表性的9种监测指标,采用内梅罗污染指数法和综合营养指数法分别对水质状况和富营养化程度进行分析和评价,得出黄金河生态养殖区水质评价等级和富营养化程度。研究结果表明,黄金河生态养殖水域为Ⅴ类水质,各项监测指标均超过长江上游背景水质;综合营养指数在45.9~50.4之间,富营养化程度为中营养,L3断面为轻度富营养化;养殖区域内L2、L3和L4断面水质最差,表明生态养殖对养殖区域内水质存在一定的影响。研究结果可作为三峡库区支流回水区水产养殖规划的参考依据,为合理开发利用三峡库区渔业养殖资源提供科学依据。     

基于模糊理论的渤海湾海水水质综合评价

综合评价渤海湾海水水质状况,分析主要水质影响因子.基于2001-2005年渤海湾海域20多个监测点的重金属、氮、磷、石油等10项污染物浓度监测数据,参照GB 3097-1997<海水水质标准>,采用模糊数学综合评价模型评价渤海湾水质污染程度.结果表明,渤海湾海水水质总体为<海水水质标准>中的3、4级,且主要污染物为无机氮.本文所采用方法强调主要污染因子对最终评价结果的影响,是比较严格的评价方法,因此其计算结果与内梅罗指数评价法同样偏保守.模糊综合评价模型可提供监测点水质对各级水质的隶属度,与内梅罗指数评价法相比,能为决策分析者提供更多有用信息,是更科学合理的评价方法.     

基于改进熵权的灰色关联模型在湿地水质综合评价中的应用

湿地是自然界生物多样性较为丰富的生态系统,具有很大的生态功能及生态学价值,湿地水质评价需要综合考虑各指标的属性.介绍了基于改进熵权的灰色关联模型在湿地水质综合评价中的应用.以黑龙江省扎龙国家级自然保护区湿地调查采样数据为例,通过构建灰色关联决策矩阵,同时采用改进熵值法确定权重,再由计算各样本的灰色关联度来确定其所属级别,进而对保护区水质采样点的水质进行综合评价.基于改进熵权的灰色关联度模型,为湿地生态系统水质综合评价提供了新的思路.     

珠江九沙围河涌生态环境特征研究

珠江九沙围河涌河道内埋有二战时期日本遗弃在华化学武器,为了解水体及底泥污染状况,对河段水质、底泥、水生生物进行了采样监测,并采用水质单因子及生物多样性指数方法进行评价.结果表明,九沙围河涌及其附近珠江河段各监测断面水质均不能满足地表水IV类标准要求,以有机污染为主.底泥污染较为严重,超标最为严重的为镉、锌、铬和砷,水生生态调查结果表明,调查水体都在富营养水平以上,底泥中氰化物和砷超标,说明河涌底泥存在被日遗化武污染的可能.     

池塘河蟹生态养殖对水体环境的影响

为了评判河蟹生态养殖对周围水环境的影响,2004年4-11月对河蟹生态养殖池塘的水环境进行了现状调查与监测.水源区的水质主要超标项目为总氮、总磷、氨氮和高锰酸盐指数,表明水源区水质主要是富营养化和轻微的有机污染.在池塘生态养殖区中,水质主要超标项目为pH值和总磷.生态养殖区水质虽有超标,但超标幅度明显低于水源区.调查同时发现,河蟹生态养殖区因栽有大量的水草,对氮磷的吸收比较充分,故生态养殖区的氮磷在养殖周期中的变化较水源区要小得多,叶绿素A的动态变化也证明了水草的生态意义.总体而言,生态养殖区的水质要明显优于水源区,基本上达到地表水环境质量标准中的3级标准和渔业水质标准的要求.河蟹生态养殖不会对外界水环境产生不良影响.     

内蒙古黄河流域水污染形势分析

本文对黄河内蒙古段干、支流2011年水质总体情况和沿程水质变化进行了分析。利用水质类别判定法和综合污染指数法对23个监测断面进行评价,主要结果如下:黄河内蒙古段监测断面达标率为65.22%,其中,内蒙古黄河流域干流全部达到Ⅲ类水标准,支流水质58.3%断面水质为劣Ⅴ类,呈重度污染,水污染治理的重点应放在支流水质的改善。内蒙古黄河干流入境段、出境段综合污染指数为0.57-0.38之间,水质相对较差;中段综合污染指数在0.29-0.36之间,水质相对较好;入境与出境综合污染指数分别为0.57和0.34,出境水质好于入境水质,黄河在内蒙古段水质有所改善。     

记录历史见证成长携手明天

对于<中国安防产品信息>杂志社来说,2004年是一个特殊的年份,是我们创刊的第十个年头.回首十年历程,<中国安防产品信息>杂志锐意进取,改革创新,共出版杂志62期,其学术性、权威性为业内所公认.作为安防行业的首家专业媒体,我们记录历史,见证成长,推动了中国安防行业的进步与快速发展.     

Safety metaphors and theories,a review of the occupational safety literature of the US,UK and The Netherlands,till the first part of the 20th century

The 19th century and first half of the 20th century is one of those periods in history of rapid economical, technical and social changes. There is an ongoing mechanization, followed by a movement to rationalize production and to make it cost effective. This has created a heavy burden of occupational deaths amongst workers. In this period occupational safety is developing into a professional field. Engineers are enclosing hazards and fencing heights, shaping up safety technique, and writing very practical publications on occupational safety. These publications, predominantly published in the United States, are leading to quite some safety related metaphors, with the iceberg and the domino’s as the most famous ones. Sociologists, psychologists, and physicians are more concerned with questions related to accident causation, and these specialists are conducting research leading to two different safety theories. Causes of occupational accident are found either in the workers’ capacity to handle hazardous situations, or in external causes, like very long working hours, dangerous machines and the increased pressures of work and speed of production. The Pittsburgh survey, the first extended analysis of occupational accidents in a steel district, strongly advocated the environmental hypothesis, while the so-called ‘individual hypothesis’ is favored by the American Safety First Movement, starting as a private initiative in 1906 by US Steel, and later spreading out over Western European countries. The British Industrial Fatigue Board has given the individual hypothesis its scientific justification. Despite scientific criticism just after World War II on the concept of accident proneness and ‘unsafe acts’, its popularity is not fading. Even nowadays the famous metaphors are still part of the vocational training of safety experts, also in The Netherlands. Apparently professional and scientific developments in occupational safety are belonging to two separate worlds. Before World War II, The Netherlands is not a leading country in occupational safety but a follower, first of France and the German speaking countries. After World War I its focus is directed towards the Anglo-Saxon countries.     

Age,work experience,and the psychological contract

The purpose of the current paper is to examine the ways in which age and work experience shape how individuals experience psychological contract breaches. We first introduce the concepts of contract malleability (the degree to which individuals can tolerate deviations from contract expectations) and contract replicability (the degree to which individuals believe that their psychological contracts can be replicated elsewhere). Next, we discuss the variety of reasons why contract malleability and replicability become greater with age and work experience and how contract malleability and replicability may temper negative reactions to psychological contract breaches. We also address the different ways contract malleability and replicability mediate the relationships between age and work experience, on one hand, and exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect behaviors on the other. We consider the moderating effects of age similarity and dissimilarity here as well. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for future research designs and for managing older and more experienced workers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Explosibility,flammability and the thermal decomposition of Bisphenol A,the main component of epoxy resin

Bisphenol A is one of the basic compounds used in a synthesis of polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Its dust can create an explosive mixture with air under specific circumstances. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to determine explosion characteristics and flammability behaviour of this compound. The complete flammability characteristic requires the determination of the basic parameters of Bisphenol A under fire conditions including Heat Release Rate, speed of combustion, ability to ignite and the temperature of the decomposition range. To establish those parameters, a cone calorimeter was used. The explosion characteristics were tested in a 20-L spherical vessel. Minimum Ignition Energy was tested on MINOR II Apparatus which is a modified Hartman's Tube. In order to identify hazardous substances generated during a fire involving Bisphenol A, a simultaneous thermal analysis that combines thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry was used. The substances obtained from the thermal degradation were analyzed by infrared spectroscope with Fourier transformation. Furthermore, the application of a Purser furnace and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry facilitated the identification of gaseous substances formed during the thermal degradation of Bisphenol A samples.     

天津大沽排水河疏浚前后沉积物生态毒性初步评价

沿天津大沽排水河设置16个采样点,于2009年3-5月和2009年9-11月分别采集疏浚前后共32份沉积物样品,采用发光细菌法评价其毒性效应.结果表明,疏浚前,25.0%的样品毒性等级为低毒,68.8%的样品毒性等级为高毒和剧毒,下游河段发光菌相对发光度均小于30.0%;疏浚通水半年后,37.5%的样品毒性等级为低毒,高毒和剧毒等级样品占总数的比例下降至18.8%.证明疏浚后沉积物对发光菌发光的抑制作用减弱,大沽排水河沉积物疏浚工程明显改善了大沽排水河的生态环境.     

An examination of the factorial,construct, and predictive validity and utility of the regulatory focus at work scale

Although interest in regulatory focus research continues to grow, there has been very little work to date on the assessment and usefulness of regulatory focus in the workplace. The present research effort reports the results of a series of studies designed to assess the validity and utility of the Regulatory Focus at Work Scale (RWS). The results indicate that the RWS is reliable, valid, and showed incremental validity beyond general and trait‐like measures of regulatory focus in predicting relevant work outcomes of task performance, citizenship performance, safety performance, and productivity performance. The overall results of these studies support our claims that the RWS shows utility in predicting workplace outcomes and should prove useful for future research on regulatory focus in the workplace. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Constructive controversy,the Vroom-Yetton model,and managerial decision-making

Empirical tests have indicated that following the Vroom-Yetton Normative Model of leadership predicts reliably to successful managerial decision-making. However, it does not consider the kind of social interaction among decision makers. Recent experiments have demonstrated that controversy constructively discussed can facilitate decision-making. To see whether constructive controversy can supplement the Vroom-Yetton model, 58 managers enrolled in an executive-level MBA programme described a successful and unsuccessful decision-making experience by answering the Vroom-Yetton questions and by indicating the extent those involved in making the decision experienced constructive controversy. Results indicate that both the Vroom-Yetton model and constructive controversy are significantly related to successful decision-making. A regression analysis indicated that constructive controversy accounted for 45 per cent of the variance of decision success whereas the Vroom-Yetton model accounted for 5 per cent. While the Vroom-Yetton model is useful at the preplanning stage for choosing a decision style, much greater contribution is provided by constructive discussions of opposing opinions when actually generating the decision.     

关于质量(Q)、环境(E)和职业安全健康(OSH)的管理体系整合及其一体化探讨

ISO90 0 0、ISO14 0 0 0、OSHAS180 0 0三大管理体系的建立、认证和持续改进 ,已成为现代企业的管理水平和持续发展能力的重要标志。特别是我国入世后 ,企业能否在全球经贸活动中生存、竞争、发展 ,质量 (Q)、环境 (E)及职业安全健康 (OSH)问题已成为不可回避的难点 ,也是必须克服的重要障碍。在QMS、EMS、OSHAS三大管理体系推行、建立、认证和持续改进的实践中 ,无论是企、事业单位 (组织或用人单位 )、咨询及认证机构 ,还是政府主管部门 ,可能都在深思 ,怎样才能减少三大管理体系建立中的交叉、重叠、重复、资源 (人、才、物 )浪费 ,管理效率、效益不高的问题。笔者提出了QMS、EMS、OSHAS三大管理体系整合及其一体化的问题 ;探讨了整合与一体化的背景和良好条件 ;分析了整合与一体化面临的困难 ;给出了整合与一体化管理体系建立的建议 ;展望了现代企业管理及其体系整合一体化的前景。