首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
利用工厂化流水线,对生活垃圾进行人工分拣,使资源各尽其用,是解决我国目前垃圾围城、资源紧缺、环境污染的最佳途径,同时可以吸纳大量人员就业.  相似文献   

3.
任越  杨俊杰 《中国环境科学》2020,40(3):1166-1175
中国生活垃圾产量大、增速快,若处理方式不当会给环境和社会带来巨大危害,近年来提倡的垃圾分类处理方式是垃圾减量化的关键一环.综合考虑垃圾处理对环境、能源、经济和社会四方面影响,构建适用于垃圾处理的3E+S生态效率评价模型.将垃圾源头分类、末端分类处理方式纳入垃圾处理生命周期中构建4种生活垃圾处理情景.结果表明,混合收运+末端分类的处理情景具有潜在最优生态效率,分类收运+焚烧的处理情景由于源头分类、收运环节更为复杂导致其总环境影响潜值最大,且生命周期成本最高.对比考虑或不考虑社会成本计算得到的生态效率表明,社会成本的加入显著影响生态效率.源头分类是影响生活垃圾分类处理生态效率的敏感性因素,通过降低垃圾源头分类单元过程多余的环境排放和成本或推广使用以末端机械化分类(PGAS)技术为代表的低污染低成本的垃圾分类新技术,都能够提高垃圾处理的生态效率.  相似文献   

4.
生活垃圾中废塑料分选回收技术概述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,废塑料在城市生活垃圾中占有相当大的比例,其含量正呈逐年上涨的趋势,因此对塑料进行分选和资源化利用势在必行。塑料分选技术是摆在我们中间的一项难题,目前生活垃圾废塑料的分选技术五花八门.由于在全国各地废塑料在垃圾中的还水量等因素的影响,现实中能实现废塑料的分选还不成熟。因此,研究一套适合废塑料的分选技术迫在眉睫。  相似文献   

5.
6.
7.
8.
生活垃圾生物预处理后筛分及分选特性试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杨列  陈朱蕾  张俊 《环境科学学报》2015,35(12):3943-3946
堆肥化技术作为垃圾预处理方式在国内外已得到了广泛认可.本文通过现场试验,研究了生物预处理对垃圾筛分和分选特性的影响.结果表明,预处理后垃圾含水率降低了7.69%,堆体的体积从275 m~3减少到183 m~3,垃圾的容重从最初的356 kg·m~(-3)增加到470 kg·m~(-3).经过生物预处理,有机物不断被降解.预处理可以提高筛分后筛下物比例,预处理后的筛下物百分比提高了17%.预处理对可回收成分(金属、塑料、纸张、玻璃和布匹等)分选效率都较新鲜垃圾有不同程度的提高,对金属分选效果提高最显著,达到22.01%.本研究表明,生物预处理对垃圾筛分和分选均具有积极的作用,可以提高后期资源回收利用率.  相似文献   

9.
Human migration is increasingly seen as a promising climate change adaptation and flood risk reduction strategy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how spatial differences in flood risk, due to differences in flood protection, reduce the mobility of vulnerable households through a credit constraint mechanism. Using an equilibrium model with two households types and endogenous sorting, we show how spatial differences in flood protection lead to clustering of vulnerable households in a risky region, in a real-world setting of common United States (US) flood zones. We find clustering effects of some size for flood zones with return periods of less than 30 years.  相似文献   

10.
综述了美国、欧盟、荷兰、加拿大、澳大利亚、德国、英国、挪威、瑞典、日本、韩国等国家(国际组织),以及国内不同地区、流域的优先污染物名单的制定情况,介绍了国内外优先污染物筛选的原则和技术方法,并分析了国内外优先污染物筛选排序方法的优缺点。通过对国内外主要筛选排序方法的比较发现,我国环境优先污染物筛选排序过程中主要存在环境介质单一、主观影响较大、缺少本土化模型参数、常规监测项目不完善、缺少污染物动态变化的连续性监测等问题。提出了加强基础数据搜集,充分考虑不同环境介质,开发建立本土化技术方法及模型参数,对污染物进行名单动态更新等针对性建议。  相似文献   

11.
This study describes three couples a t risk for homozygous β-thalassaemia in which one of the partners carried a short deletion β-thalassaemia defect. Detection of short deletions in trophoblast DNA was accomplished by the very simple procedure of non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method may be applied to detect β-thalassaemia mutations due to deletion or addition of more than two nucleotides.  相似文献   

12.
<正>非诉调解机制(Alternative Dispute Resolution;ADR)中的环境纠纷调停制度是法庭以外的解决纠纷的一种制度。当事人双方能够共同自觉地商议,是比较自主解决的方式。采取司法机关的公平可行性,充分利用行政机关的专业的科学知识和信息,行政机关积极的介入并迅速的解决就是环境纠纷调停制度的相对优点。一、韩国环境污染侵害纠纷调停制度概述(一)环境污染侵害纠纷调停制度概念  相似文献   

13.
Monoclonal antibody to fetal haemoglobin (a2γy2) has been proposed as a fetal-specific reagent. We developed an intracellular staining protocol that combines fluorescein isothiocyanate or phycoerythrin conjugated anti-γ with the DNA binding dye Hoechst 33342 to identify and flow sort fetal erythroblasts from maternal blood. Our preliminary observations on anti-γ-positive cells sorted from four different pregnant women are described here, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific probes to identify fetal cells. Our data demonstrate that far fewer candidate fetal cells are sorted with this protocol than by current cell surface staining methods that employ the monoclonal antibody CD71. This results in increased fetal cell sorting purities. With this protocol, standard FISH techniques require modification due to the rigorous fixation with 4 per cent paraformaldehyde. Our initial data indicate the promise of this approach.  相似文献   

14.
15.
A high resolution technique was applied to amniotic fluid cells by synchronization. After inoculation, the cells were incubated for 30 h in the presence of either thymidine or 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). After removal of the blocking agent and addition of a low concentration of thymidine, the cells were incubated for another 6 1/2–7 h, then harvested in prometaphase without colcemid. This technique gives a mitotic index of 3·7 per cent after thymidine synchronization and of 3·2 per cent after BrdU synchronization, and more than half of the mitoses were in the earlier phases with the chromosomes showing more than 550 bands per haploid set. GBG, GTG, and RHG prometaphases are presented. Precise high-resolution banding of chromosomes of amniotic fluid cells can increase diagnostic accuracy.  相似文献   

16.
Human amniotic fluid (HAF) is a dynamic system whose characteristics depend on continuous interchanges between fetal and maternal circulations. HAF reflects not only the environment of the fetus but may also provide information about fetal development or pathology. The concentration of HAF constituents varies with gestational age and pathological states. The number of the compounds currently implicated in fetal developmental pathology are relatively few. Currently used assay methods are not adequate to totally explain or predict the complex biochemistry of the fetus. The purpose of this work was to investigate HAF with NMR spectroscopy. In the present study HAF was obtained from 47 women undergoing routine amniocentesis. Cells were separated for karyological analysis and the supernatant was acid-extracted, lyophilized and re-suspended in D20 resulting in a concentration increase over native fluid. 1H NMR spectra were obtained at 360 MHz and 60 MHz. Eighteen compounds including several amino acids, were identified using parallel reference and standard addition protocols. NMR spectroscopy detected compounds of known clinical importance including glucose, leucine, isoleucine, lactate and creatinine. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that a number of physiologically relevant compounds are readily observable in HAF using 1H NMR spectroscopy. This technique can currently provide valuable information regarding HAF composition and has the potential of being used in vivo in the future.  相似文献   

17.
 New physical and computerized techniques for continuous read-out of intra and intercellular signals allow the study of biochemical dynamics of both local and spreading modes. A vast amount of new information in the area of periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic reactions is currently being accumulated, some of which is reviewed here to provide typical mechanisms and occurrences on the basis of a wide variety of reaction circuits and target structures. Following a short review of the time windows of temporal pattern, mechanisms and models of period-generating and transmitting systems are presented for both calcium and oligogenic oscillations. Spreading mechanisms of local signal oscillations through intra- and intercellular space yielding periodic patterns are presented for calcium waves in Dictyostelium discoideum, of cardiovascular and neuronal networks, followed by consideration of some of the properties of complex systems behavior.  相似文献   

18.
分别基于13个雨量站的日降雨量和小时降雨量,在率水流域建立SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型,对基于不同降雨时间分辨率的SWAT模型进行独立的参数率定和验证,在此基础上分析降雨时间分辨率对率水流域SWAT模拟性能的影响.结果表明,降雨输入的时间分辨率对率水流域SWAT模型的水文模拟性能有显著影响.小时降雨输入SWAT模型的纳什系数(NSE)和决定系数(R2)在率定期分别为0.89、0.90,在验证期分别为0.86、0.88,均显著高于日降雨输入SWAT模型对应的模型评价统计量值.究其原因,小时降雨输入SWAT模型对于峰值流量的模拟要明显优于日降雨输入SWAT模型.建议应在不同气候与自然环境条件的流域内开展类似的降雨时间分辨率对水文模型模拟性能的影响研究.  相似文献   

19.
A relatively simple method of obtaining high resolution chromosomes from amniotic fluid cells is described. The elongated chromosomes are achieved by adding ethidium bromide (5μg/ml) to the culture 4 1/2 hours before harvesting and the high resolution banding can be produced by usual banding procedures.  相似文献   

20.
分别基于13个雨量站的日降雨量和小时降雨量,在率水流域建立SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型,对基于不同降雨时间分辨率的SWAT模型进行独立的参数率定和验证,在此基础上分析降雨时间分辨率对率水流域SWAT模拟性能的影响.结果表明,降雨输入的时间分辨率对率水流域SWAT模型的水文模拟性能有显著影响.小时降雨输入SWAT模型的纳什系数(NSE)和决定系数(R2)在率定期分别为0.89、0.90,在验证期分别为0.86、0.88,均显著高于日降雨输入SWAT模型对应的模型评价统计量值.究其原因,小时降雨输入SWAT模型对于峰值流量的模拟要明显优于日降雨输入SWAT模型.建议应在不同气候与自然环境条件的流域内开展类似的降雨时间分辨率对水文模型模拟性能的影响研究.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号