首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 378 毫秒
1.
Abstract

Rural–urban land conversion is an inevitable phenomenon in urbanization and industrialization. And the decision-making issue about this conversion is multi-objective because the social decision maker (the whole of central government and local authority) has to integrate the requirements of different interest groups (rural collective economic organizations, peasants, urban land users and the ones affected indirectly) and harmonize the sub-objects (economic, social and ecological outcomes) of this land allocation process. This paper established a multi-objective programming model for rural–urban land conversion decision-making and made some social welfare analysis correspondingly. Result shows that the general object of rural–urban land conversion decision-making is to reach the optimal level of social welfare in a certain state of resources allocation, while the preference of social decision makers and the value judgment of interest groups are two crucial factors which determine the realization of the rural–urban land conversion decision-making objects.  相似文献   

2.
农地城市流转中不同利益集团的福利状况韭已成为学者和政策制定者关注的焦点.农民集体作为影响最为深刻的利益集团之一,其福利在农地城市流转中能否实现以及如何实现均衡成为本文研究的核心内容.本文首先介绍了农民集体福利的概念及其测度方法,然后论述福利均衡的概念,提出农民集体福利均衡分析的三个假设,在此基础上,对农地城市流转中的农民集体福利进行分析,提出实现农民集体福利均衡的条件,结果表明农地城市流转中农民集体福利均衡的必要条件为农民集体获得的经济补偿大于或等于其福利损失.然后通过比较分析发现当前土地征收中农民集体获得的福利补偿不能弥补其福利损失,农地城市流转前后农民集体福利呈现不均衡状态.最后提出农地城市流转中要尊重农民集体的土地产权,进一步提高农地征收的补偿标准,使农民集体获得的货币补偿能够弥补其由于土地财产损失造成的福利损失,以实现农民集体福利的均衡;政府应当通过改善农村交通、通讯、电力、饮水、居住等条件,完善农村社会保障体系等措施提高农民集体的福利水平,以弥补农民集体土地发展权受限造成的二次福利损失.  相似文献   

3.
发展与保护的权衡是土地资源配置中难以回避的棘手问题。农地城市流转在为城镇化的快速推进提供土地要素的同时,却也在社会、生态方面引起一系列外部性损失,已有研究认为该损失的大小与农地城市流转的用途和周围环境有关,但并未进一步定量揭示其关联程度。鉴于此,本文将农地城市流转的去向归纳为住宅及商服用地、工矿仓储及交通运输用地、公共管理与公共服务用地三类,以武汉市和鄂州市作为研究区域,运用选择实验法(CE)以及多元Logit模型(MNL)识别了受访者对于农地城市流转负外部效应治理方案的偏好,从而间接测度了不同流向下农地城市流转负外部效应的经济总量,以期为实施农地城市流转的用途和规模管制提供依据。结果表明:1不同流向下农地城市流转产生的交通状况恶化、噪音污染、公共设施不足等七种类别负外部效应在类型和强度上有所差异;2绝大多数居民对治理农地城市流转的负外部性具有支付意愿,且在参与程度和参与强度(支付额)方面因农地城市流转的不同流向而有所区别,并且居民的受教育程度和家庭收入水平对选择效用的影响具有显著性且呈正相关关系;3不同流向下农地城市流转所产生的负外部效应的经济总量不容忽视,三种流向的负外部效应从大到小依次为农地流转为工矿仓储及交通运输用地、公共管理与公共服务用地、住宅及商服用地。因此,作为农地城市流转的管制主体,各级政府应当采用经济性管制与社会性管制并举的多样化管制手段对农地城市流转的用途和规模予以调控和管制。  相似文献   

4.
Rural-urban land conversion is currently a common social economic phenomenon during the process of economic development and rural urbanization in China. Rural-urban land conversion is positively effective as far as social and economic benefits are concerned (Yang, 2002), but its negative effect is also evident, resulting in such problems as low efficiency of rural land configuration and loss of social welfare. Consequently, farmers should also have an equal chance to enjoy the social welfare enhanced by land conversion. Based on the theories of welfare economy, this paper puts forward policy suggestions by discussing the welfare changes of various interest groups, builds the model of welfare distribution, and analyzes the conditions of maximizing social welfare. The absolute and opposite value of social welfare is closely related with the speed of rural-urban land conversion, and governments should give farmers and collectives fair compensation to make up for the utility loss caused by land expropriation, which are conclusions drawn from this paper. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for regulating targets and evaluation criteria, realizing the mechanism and implementation of public polices during rural-urban land conversion.  相似文献   

5.
农地外部效益内在化与农地城市流转控制   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
农地比较效益低下,但具有显著的外部效益,不考虑外部效益的农地城市流转个体决策与考虑外部效益的社会决策不一致是实行农地保护的重要依据,其政策失灵部分在于保护区农民无偿提供外部效益而缺乏保护诱因,改进思路是在运用强制性管理手段的同时,农地外部效益经济内在化。提高农地效益.具体运作包括保证农民事有较大决策权、全面评价农地效益、增设农地外部效益财产权、赋予保护区农民并支付农地保护补偿专项基金以及使保护区获得更多的公平发展等。  相似文献   

6.
农地资源的正外部性直接或间接对人类福利产生影响,但由于市场机制的自身缺陷导致人们对其价值缺乏定量认识,致使农地资源得不到应有的保护,造成向城市的过度流转。以湖北省为例,在将农地资源正外部性划分为提供社会保障、保证粮食安全以及提供生态服务3个方面的基础上,以2006年为评估期日,尝试用市场价格评估的方法对其年价值和无限年期的总价值进行了估算。结果显示:2006年湖北省农地资源在提供社会保障方面的年价值及无限年期价值分别为87460元/hm2·a和34 70635元/hm2;粮食安全保障功能的年价值及无限年期价值分别为32209元/hm2·a和12 78135元/hm2;生态服务功能的年价值及无限年期价值分别为4 34855元/hm2·a和172 56151元/hm2。最终核算出湖北省正外部性的年价值总量及无限年期价值总量分别为5 54524元/hm2·a和220 04921元/hm2,这部分无法通过市场价格表现的价值大致与湖北省农地经济产出价值相当,甚至略高出5%~38%,无疑是农地价值中不容忽视的重要组成部分,应当引起土地管理者和社会决策者的充分重视。农地城市流转的失控和对农地保护的忽视实质上就是对农地正外部效用的抛弃和破坏,最终将阻碍社会经济的可持续发展。  相似文献   

7.
农地城市流转是城市化、工业化过程中的普遍现象,是土地资源竞争配置的结果,本质上是有限的土地资源在农业用途和非农业用途的合理分配.农地城市流转具有不确定性,不可逆性和流转时间延迟性3个特征,因此农地具有选择价值.采用模型假设法和实证分析法,对农地城市流转的选择价值进行估算.对农地选择价值的计算公式进行推导,得出农地流转为其他不同用途地类的选择价值,拥有一期选择权的农地,流转为商业用地的选择价值最高的为173.95元 /m2,最低的为4.44元/m2;流转为居住用地的选择价值最高的为158.40元/m2,最低的为4.16元/m2;流转为工业用地的选择价值最高的为39.52元/m2,最低的为3.58元/m2.影响选择价值大小的相关因素有农地流转为市地后的每期净收益,农地流转开发为市地过程中的开发成本,市地地价的波动率和无风险利率.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract: his paper explored the relationships among nonagricultural population, employment and land in an integrated framework, taking account of rural-urban land conversion into Carlino-Mills's model on the regional growth. Two-stage-leastsquares and ordinary-least-squares were employed. Recent data for district (grade) cities in China (from 1999 to 2005) were used. Our results showed that: first, urban population influenced non-agricultural employment, and vice versa, but the evidence that non-agricultural employment influenced urban population was stronger than the evidence that urban population influenced non-agricultural employment; second, urban population and non-agricultural employment both influenced ruralurban land conversion, but the evidence that urban population influenced rural urban land conversion was more stronger than the evidence that non-agricultural employment did. We also found that: first, the employment from the secondary industry influenced urban population in a positive way, and vice versa, but the employment from the tertiary industry influenced urban population in a negative way, and vice versa; second, the employment from the secondary industry influenced rural-urban land conversion in a positive way, but the employment from the tertiary industry influenced rural-urban land conversion in a negative way. We can conclude that the key of urbanization is to speed up the process of non-agricultural employment, especially the employment from the tertiary industry, which might promote non-agricultural population, employment and land harmoniously.  相似文献   

9.
本研究采用文献回顾法、归纳法,从农地城市流转外部性的分析与测度及政策工具在农地城市流转调控中的运用两个方面,对国内外相关研究进行了归纳与总结。结果表明,现有研究从内容和方法上都有待进一步的丰富和深入:在农地城市流转外部性的理论分析和定量测算方面,其外部性的内涵、分类与边界等尚未得到严格的界定与划分,评估技术的选择和应用尚存亟待回答的问题;在基于外部性内化的农地政策流转调控政策工具的运用方面,尚需在分析思路、政策工具的系统化和细节设计方面有所深入;在实证研究方面,亟需结合我国国情结合具体事例探讨政策工具运用的预期效果及不同政策工具可能的交互作用;此外,应考虑不确定与信息不对称对调控政策工具运行效率的影响。因此,我国学者应借鉴国内外已有的研究成果和经验,从外部性内化的角度设计适于我国国情的政策工具,从而为农地城市流转调控提供可靠的理论依据,以达到合理规制农地转用秩序的目的。  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

This paper explored the relationships among nonagricultural population, employment and land in an integrated framework, taking account of rural-urban land conversion into Carlino–Mills’s model on the regional growth. Two-stage-leastsquares and ordinary-least-squares were employed. Recent data for district (grade) cities in China (from 1999 to 2005) were used. Our results showed that: first, urban population influenced non-agricultural employment, and vice versa, but the evidence that non-agricultural employment influenced urban population was stronger than the evidence that urban population influenced non-agricultural employment; second, urban population and non-agricultural employment both influenced ruralurban land conversion, but the evidence that urban population influenced rural urban land conversion was more stronger than the evidence that non-agricultural employment did. We also found that: first, the employment from the secondary industry influenced urban population in a positive way, and vice versa, but the employment from the tertiary industry influenced urban population in a negative way, and vice versa; second, the employment from the secondary industry influenced rural-urban land conversion in a positive way, but the employment from the tertiary industry influenced rural-urban land conversion in a negative way. We can conclude that the key of urbanization is to speed up the process of non-agricultural employment, especially the employment from the tertiary industry, which might promote non-agricultural population, employment and land harmoniously.  相似文献   

11.
Rural-urban land conversion is a universal phenomenon in the rapid process of economic development and urban growth. The welfare of farmers who lost their farmland attracted a widespread concern within the society and academia. However, further research about differentiated policies according to the characteristics of different farmer groups is still need to be conducted. This article divides the land-lost farmers into three age groups: younger than 45, 45–65, and more than 65. It proposes a welfare index system including eight functional areas based on different age groups of affected farmers, taking four districts of Wuhan City as case study area. Fuzzy mathematics method is used to derive the aggregated welfare effect index. Our analysis show that the overall welfare levels of land-lost farmers of all age groups declined, but with a varying degree, with the level of welfare in those farmers who are 45–65 years old, younger than 45 years old, and older than 65 years old decreased by 18.7%, 16.6%, and 12.7%, respectively. The direction and degree of effects on the functional activity index varies among different groups. Economic conditions, living environment, health, and social participation of all age groups decrease while social security and housing conditions increase. On the other hand, development opportunities, social communication, and leisure have different changing directions in different age stages. These results call for differentiated and tailor-made compensation policies for land-lost farmers, towards improving the welfare levels of all farmers and reduce the disparity among them.  相似文献   

12.
新型城镇化背景下失地农民福利变化研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
基于森的可行能力理论,从经济状况、居住条件、居住环境、社会保障及社会机会等方面构建失地农民福利评价指标体系。并进一步基于农地价值理论视角,将失地农民可获得的福利划分为经济福利、社会福利和生态福利3个部分。在此基础上利用江苏省苏州市、南通市及宿迁市540户农户调查数据对征地前后农民福利水平进行测度,以探索不同城镇化发展阶段土地征收对失地农民福利变化的影响。结果表明:(1)由于实行了"土地换社保"征地补偿方式,苏州市和南通市目前处于城镇化发展改革阶段,且前者在"人的城镇化"方面更为成熟;宿迁市采取一次性货币补偿方式,仍处于传统城镇化发展阶段。(2)苏州市和南通市失地农民福利水平呈上升趋势,总模糊指数分别从0.444、0.369上升到0.529、0.385;宿迁市样本农户福利水平则有所下降。(3)除苏州市外,南通市和宿迁市样本农户的经济福利均出现下降,下降幅度分别为36.1%、34.5%;三个地区失地农民社会福利均有所提升,且苏州市和南通市农户福利改善程度明显优于宿迁市;生态福利方面,除南通市外,苏州市和宿迁市均出现下降。(4)传统城镇化发展模式下,失地农民的福利水平明显受损,城镇化改革一定程度上缓解了农民福利受损,尤其是社会福利得到较大提升。加快新型城镇化建设,真正实现"土地城镇化"与"人口城镇化"同步发展,在提高征地补偿标准的同时,政府还需通过完善失地农民社会保障体系、加强就业指导培训、提供一定就业安置等途径实现征地补偿方式多元化,并加大对农村基础设施、配套设施、环境保护等的投入。  相似文献   

13.
农地资源的正外部性直接或间接对人类福利产生影响,但由于市场机制的自身缺陷导致人们对其价值缺乏定量认识,致使农地资源得不到应有的保护,造成向城市的过度流转。以湖北省为例,在将农地资源正外部性划分为提供社会保障、保证粮食安全以及提供生态服务3个方面的基础上,以2006年为评估期日,尝试用市场价格评估的方法对其年价值和无限年期的总价值进行了估算。结果显示:2006年湖北省农地资源在提供社会保障方面的年价值及无限年期价值分别为87460元/hm2·a和34 70635元/hm2;粮食安全保障功能的年价值及无限年期价值分别为32209元/hm2·a和12 78135元/hm2;生态服务功能的年价值及无限年期价值分别为4 34855元/hm2·a和172 56151元/hm2。最终核算出湖北省正外部性的年价值总量及无限年期价值总量分别为5 54524元/hm2·a和220 04921元/hm2,这部分无法通过市场价格表现的价值大致与湖北省农地经济产出价值相当,甚至略高出5%~38%,无疑是农地价值中不容忽视的重要组成部分,应当引起土地管理者和社会决策者的充分重视。农地城市流转的失控和对农地保护的忽视实质上就是对农地正外部效用的抛弃和破坏,最终将阻碍社会经济的可持续发展。  相似文献   

14.
城乡生态经济交错区农地城市流转决策博弈研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在城市化过程中,城乡生态经济交错区的农地被占用是一种普遍现象。在我国,农地城市流转是通过土地征用而实现的,即我国农地城市流转决策属于政府行为,因此,从决策主体行为出发,研究农地城市流转,对于我国城市化的正常推进以及农地的有效保护具有重要的现实意义。研究得出,在现有的制度安排下,地方政府更加注重区域农地流转的经济发展,村干部往往是政策的执行者,而农民在决策中往往处于弱势地位,对于农地流转决策影响不大。可见,要控制农地过量向城市流转,必须树立科学的发展观,完善决策机制,规范征地行为,提高农民参与权。  相似文献   

15.
土地利用总体规划需要统筹区域发展多元目标以增强对区域发展的指导力和约束性,因此全面了解我国土地利用总体规划的政策目标偏好,能为优化规划技术方法和改革规划管理体制提供政策参考。鉴于此,本文在分析我国土地利用总体规划多元目标及其关系的基础上,采用内容分析法基于全国土地利用总体规划纲要进行词频挖掘构建目标偏好测量维度及体系,进而对两轮省级土地利用总体规划文本进行目标偏好的定量测度,结果表明:(1)土地利用总体规划是多目标规划,通过内容分析法可以构建由经济、社会、生态三大目标构成的目标偏好测量体系;(2)从目标偏好排序来看,三大目标中社会目标始终是两轮土地利用总体规划的首要偏好目标,生态目标是土地利用总体规划的次要偏好目标,经济目标排在最后;同时相比上轮规划,本轮规划耕地保护子目标次序提前,土地整治子目标次序推后;(3)从目标偏好程度来看,社会目标的首位偏好程度有所下降,但其中耕地保护子目标的首位偏好度明显上升;生态目标和经济目标的首位偏好程度基本不变,总体而言本轮规划三大目标偏好程度的差异缩小。研究结果说明,我国土地利用总体规划始终坚持以耕地保护为核心的社会目标偏好,符合其是国土资源管理部门主导的部门规划的定位;虽然土地利用总体规划对经济、社会、生态三大目标的偏好程度差异缩小,但其若要在空间规划体系中发挥更大的作用,还需要通过优化规划技术和改革规划管理体制进一步均衡经济、社会、生态目标,以承担起统领全区域空间发展的要求。  相似文献   

16.
油气资源作为战略性资源,关系到经济发展、社会稳定、国家安全和全面建设小康社会目标的顺利实现。资源所在地为国家建设输出了大量的能源,本地的经济发展却依然处于落后状况,导致目前资源所在地出现了种种矛盾和冲突。究其原因,主要是缺乏对资源所在地的利益补偿机制所致。以油气田资源开发的利益分配现状为例,指出目前的利益分配中主要存在资源所在地税收分配收益少、开发带来的生态污染补偿缺失、油气田项目征地补偿过低、资源开发没有促进资源所在地的经济发展等问题,从福利经济学、公共政策管理的相关理论提出了构建利益补偿机制的理论依据,并在此基础上提出了收益向资源所在地倾斜、实行生态补偿、创新征地补偿方式和资源就地转化的政策建议。  相似文献   

17.
Relying on remote sensor technology, GIS and Land-sat TM digital images, the authors use spatial and statistical analysis to examine the temporal-spatial characteristics of the change caused by urban Construction in Xinjiang's rural areas from the end of the 1980s to the end of the 1990s. The primary findings show the following: 1) The urban construction in rural areas has increased drastically. The expansion speed of urban land use has accelerated over the past decade. The sub-land use changes caused by the urbanization of rural are characterized by salient regional differentiation among the three main regions and among the 85 counties of Xinjiang. 2) The shift of land use is mostly characterized by cultivated land and grassland being used for urban and industrial projects. Moreover, this change of land use is characteristic of regional differences. 3) Factors of rural-urban construction land use changes in Xinjiang, are undoubtedly affected by natural environment, social, economic conditions, and to a larger degree by population growth, GDP development and industrial development.  相似文献   

18.
耕地生态补偿相关利益群体博弈分析与解决路径   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对宏观层面中央政府与地方政府、地方政府与地方政府和微观层面农民与市民之间博弈分析,找出促使均衡结果合理化方案,采用的研究方法是博弈论与条件价值法(CVM)。结果表明:①博弈结果难以达成(保护,补偿)协议,实现社会福利最大化,必须依靠中央政府作为媒介进行协商,采取管制与激励相结合的制度安排。②激励的实现通过微观层面利益主体受偿意愿与支付意愿而定,支付不够补偿,中央财政补贴,支付盈余则上缴中央财政,以湖北为例,农民每亩耕地应得到174元补偿,市民每户居民应支付246.6元,中央政府每亩耕地给予农民148.5元补偿。③宏观层面依据微观层面需求意愿与支付意愿的赤字或者盈余,确定区域之间应支付补偿或者获得补偿。研究成果能为区域内部和区域之间耕地生态补偿标准提供依据,为尽快制定耕地生态补偿机制及政策、实现利益群体福利均衡提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

19.
基于遗传算法的可持续土地利用动态规划   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在建立和求解多目标可持续土地利用动态规划模型过程中,采用遗传算法并结合多目标模糊优选理论处理多目标土地利用结构优化问题。其详细步骤为:在分析区域特征基础上构建时间序列;通过现状分析设置土地利用类型决策变量,确定优化目标和约束条件,构建土地利用结构多目标优化模型;用灰色GM(1,1)预测模型对土地利用结构优化多目标模型参数进行预测;用遗传算法多目标优化方法对土地利用结构优化模型求解得pareto解集;最后运用多目标模糊优选动态规划方法对规划期内各时间段的pareto解集进行模糊动态优选,以最大优属度判定原则确定出最优决策序列。自贡市的实例表明,该方法有助于解决多目标协调问题,并通过提供多方案选择性,从而使规划更具灵活性,同时又便于充分吸纳公众参与,减少规划中的不确定性,增加规划的科学性、现实性和可操作性。  相似文献   

20.
社会福利与经济增长的耦合协调是城市可持续发展的核心问题之一。以长三角41地市为研究单元,运用熵值法测度社会福利与经济增长指数,进一步借助耦合协调评价模型计算协调度、发展度以及耦合度,并据此进行耦合协调类型划分及其空间关联特征分析。结果表明:1长三角41地市社会福利与经济增长整体趋势波动上升,但近年来受经济下行影响,社会福利随经济增长出现缓慢下降趋势。2社会福利与经济增长指数空间吻合度较高且格局相对稳定。相比社会福利,经济增长首位特征明显,市际差异相对突出。3耦合度具有明显空间分异规律,初步形成"合宁沪杭甬"Z字型耦合协调发展轴带。4安徽省多数地市属于社会福利与经济增长失调衰退类型,亟需平衡二者关系,寻求优化路径,推动社会福利与经济增长向更高层次耦合协调发展类型演进。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号