灭多威农药废水处理技术

采用酸化、氧化、铁炭微电解、兼氧-好氧生化技术处理灭多威农药生产废水（简称废水）。实验结果表明：废水经酸化处理后可回收H2S和CH3SH，经氧化处理后可去除废水的恶臭气味，经铁炭微电解处理后COD总去除率平均为90．7％，废水可生化性指标BOD5／COD从0升至0．30以上；预处理后的废水再经过兼氧＋好氧生化处理，COD达到GB8978-1996（污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准100mg/L以下。     

用味精生产废水培养好氧颗粒污泥

以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥，采用味精生产废水进行培养，在SBR中以逐渐降低污泥沉淀时间的方法成功培养出好氧颗粒污泥。实验结果表明：污泥接种65 d后，出现细小的好氧颗粒污泥，呈黄褐色，95 d后颗粒污泥趋于成熟，粒径达0.6 mm左右，且周围存在大量原生动物；运行95 d后MLSS提高至8.00 g/L，SVI降至30.00 mL/g左右；成熟后的好氧颗粒污泥对味精生产废水中的COD和NH₃-N具有良好的去除效果，出水COD和ρ（NH₃-N）分别为80 mg/L和2 mg/L左右。     

低碳氮比高氨氮化工综合废水的生物脱氮系统及方法

该发明公开了一种低碳氮比高氨氮化工综合废水的生物脱氮系统及方法。具体方法是配水池中的水经水解酸化池、第一好氧池、第一沉淀池的一段A／O处理单元，通过培养异养菌，将难生物降解有机物分解成易生物降解的小分子有机物，矿化有机氮，降解去除大部分易生物降解有机物；再经缺氧池、第二好氧池、第二沉淀池的二段A／O处理单元，通过培养自养型硝化菌，联合缺氧池中的异养菌完成废水中氨氮的有效去除。     

含铬废水处理方法

该发明提出了一种含铬废水处理方法。该法包括：(1)通过置换反应制备液体硫酸亚铁(硫酸亚铁的质量分数为36％～42％，pH为4～5)，备用；(2)通过隔油调节池调节含铬废水水质、去除油质；(3)在还原反应池中投加新制备的液体硫酸亚铁，将废水中的六价铬还原成三价铬；(4)在中和池中加入碱，使三价铬完全形成氢氧化铬沉淀；(5)中和池的出水进人沉淀池沉淀分离后，废水排放，污泥经过压滤机压滤后集中处理。该方法省去了酸化步骤，使反应的pH提高到4以上，保证了大量含铬废水的处理效果；     

一体式高浓度有机废水处理装置

该发明涉及一种一体式高浓度有机废水处理装置。该装置将好氧折流板反应器、集水沉淀池、好氧反应池或生物接触氧化池、沉淀池依次用垂直的折流板连通起来，其独特的分格式结构及推流式流态使得每个反应室中可以驯化培养出与流至该反应室中的污水水质、环境条件相适应的微生物群落，有利于充分发挥厌氧菌群的活性，提高系统的处理效果和运行的稳定性，面且简化了系统结构，减少了装置的占地面积，降低了系统的运行成本，节省了系统的能耗，并可防止冬季管道的冻裂。／CN1541956，2004—11—03     

好氧—厌氧微生物反复耦合处理废水新工艺

该发明公开了一种好氧—厌氧微生物反复耦合处理废水新工艺。采用生物流化床和生物固定床串联的工艺，先在流化床和固定床之间用溢流隔板连接组合起来；后在流化床和固定床中添加两种不同的多孔生物载体，通过在不同层次上的好氧—厌氧反复耦合，从而在实现处理废水中有机物和氮化合物的同时，原位分解剩余污泥。     

聚醚多元醇生产废水的回收利用

发明提供了一种聚醚多元醇生产废水的回收利用方法：聚醚多元醇牛产废水进入调节池，调节池依次与隔油池、投配池、厌氧反应器、好氧接触氧化池和沉淀池连接；沉淀池的上清液自流进入光催化氧化反应器，污泥同厌氧反应器的污泥一起进入污泥浓缩池，然后进入脱水器；光催化氧化反应器与连续超滤处理器连接，然后再与反渗透处理器连接；通过加药箱向投配池添加药剂；通过风机分别向好氧接触氧化池和光催化氧化反应器提供氧气。     

水解酸化—膜生物反应器处理印染废水

采用平行比较实验,研究了加入聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)的水解酸化—膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺(1号系统)和未加PAFS的水解酸化—MBR工艺(2号系统)对模拟印染废水(简称废水)的处理效果和膜污染状况。实验结果表明,PAFS所形成的含铁含铝活性污泥可以提高废水的COD去除率和脱色率。运行期间1号系统膜污染引起的系统抽吸压力增长速率远小于2号系统。污染膜表面的电子显微镜照片表明加入PAFS后减缓了MBR中活性污泥在膜表面的沉积。1号系统膜组件的污染主要是Fe3+、Al3+及它们的氢氧化物为主的无机物在膜表面和膜孔内沉积所形成;2号系统的膜污染以微生物及其有机代谢产物所形成的污泥层附着为主。     

细分子化高浓度含氮有机废水处理方法

该发明公开了一种细分子化高浓度含氮有机废水的处理方法。由细分子化切割机与废水生物处理工艺流程中的混凝沉淀池、厌氧池、空气吹脱塔、缺（兼）氧池及溶氧好氧一体化综合处理池相结合，组成的一种细分子化、超饱和溶氧好氧活性污泥流动床动态平衡、高效新型的废水生物处理方法。细分子化可至纳米级，水中超饱和溶氧量可高达50mg／L以上，氧的利用率可达95％，污泥产量可最小化，比传统的空气鼓风曝气降低30％～50％，能耗比传统的空气鼓风曝气法降低25％～35％，污水综合处理效率高，投资少，运行费用低，维护管理方便，安全可靠，可适用于各种高浓度有机废水的处理，保证达标排放。     

废纸造纸废水中持久性有机污染物的碳源协同代谢生物处理方法

该发明公开了一种废纸造纸废水中持久性有机污染物的碳源协同代谢生物处理方法，包括：（1）在配水池内添加质量浓度为8～12g／L的葡萄糖溶液、质量浓度为80～120mg／L的苯酚溶液和质量分数为99．5％的甲醇作为共代谢碳源，与废纸造纸废水充分混合后，进入水解-好氧共代谢反应池；（2）在水解-好氧共代谢反应池进行水解一好氧共代谢反应后，进入接触氧化共代谢反应池；     

盐酸-次氯酸钙氧化法去除贫泥磷中的黄磷

分别采用次氯酸钙单一体系和盐酸-次氯酸钙复合体系对贫泥磷中的黄磷进行氧化处理,重点考察了盐酸浓度、次氯酸钙加入量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对贫泥磷中黄磷去除率的影响。实验结果表明:与单一次氯酸钙体系相比,盐酸的加入有效地破除了贫泥磷中的胶质结构,盐酸-次氯酸钙复合体系能有效地去除贫泥磷中的黄磷;在反应温度为60℃、盐酸浓度为2.4 mol/L、破胶反应时间为30 min、次氯酸钙加入量为250 g/L、氧化反应时间为3 h的最佳条件下,黄磷的去除率达到99.6%以上。     

含油污泥的水热法减量处理

采用水热技术处理含油污泥，考察了反应温度和反应时间对水热处理后含油污泥性质的影响，分析了含油污泥的减量化效果。实验结果表明：对含水率为70.6%（w）、含油率为32.0%（w）的含油污泥进行水热处理时，与反应时间相比，反应温度对含油污泥的脱水性能影响更大，是影响含油污泥热水解反应的重要因素;含油污泥经水热处理后，脱水性能得到改善，在所有实验条件下减量化率均高于78.8%，其中，在反应温度190 ℃、反应时间30 min的条件下，减量化率达到88.2%。     

Fenton试剂处理汽车油漆废渣

采用Fenton试剂处理汽车油漆废渣。考察了FeSO_4用量、H_2O_2用量、反应温度、反应时间对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在FeSO_4用量为20.5 mg/g、H_2O_2用量为0.6 g/g、反应温度为80 ℃、反应时间为3 h的最优条件下,清漆渣、色漆渣、底漆渣3种漆渣的干基减量率均为20%左右,湿基减量率分别为67.9%、48.2%和64.2%,3种产物的脱水性能均有不同程度的提高,处理后废液的COD均为2 000 mg/L左右。采用Fenton试剂处理后的清漆渣产物粒径与原料相似,产物颗粒球形度高,表面粗糙,内部为多孔结构,产物作为固体燃料时燃烧更充分。Fenton试剂处理未对漆渣中的树脂主体产生较大的破坏。     

炼油废水污泥脱水工艺条件的优化

采用化学除油降黏—污泥调理—离心脱水工艺处理某炼油厂废水处理系统的混合污泥，并对工艺条件进行优化。实验结果表明，最佳的工艺条件为：化学除油降黏阶段处理体系的pH=4，反应温度35 ℃，H₂O₂加入量 2 g/L，m（H₂O₂）∶ m（Fe²⁺）=4，反应时间 60 min；污泥调理反应阶段的CaO加入量7.0 g/L；离心脱水阶段在分离因数为1 558时脱水5 min。在此条件下，得到的泥饼的含水率为70.0%~75.0%（w），含油率小于2%（w），污泥比阻约为3.0×10⁷ s²/g。     

Environmental assessment of sewage sludge recycling options and treatment processes in Tokyo

Tokyo has historically suffered from a shortage of final disposal sites for the treated sewage sludge. Given this situation, sludge recycling and incineration have been promoted to reduce the volume of treated sludge conveyed to the disposal site, and the recycling options have changed since the late 1990s. This study aims to revisit the sewage sludge treatment and recycling processes in Tokyo and to evaluate different recycling options (brick, aggregate, refuse derived fuel and slag) from the energy consumption perspective by clarifying the complex flow of treated sludge within Tokyo's 23 wards. The study also estimates environmental loads associated with the operation of the whole sludge management system in the area. The environmental loads include: (1) total energy consumption and (2) gas emissions (greenhouse and acidification gases). The estimation was carried out for the years 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2001, during which a drastic change in recycling options occurred. The results indicated that the production of refuse derived fuel was the most energy consuming recycling option while aggregate production is the least energy consuming. They also showed that despite the increasing sludge volume, the energy consumption associated with the operation of the whole system decreased during the period while the gas emissions increased.     

污泥热解催化剂的研究进展

污泥热解处理技术具有较好的应用价值和发展前景,催化剂的加入可提高反应效率,降低处理成本,提高目标产物品质。本文综述了添加不同种类污泥热解催化剂对反应条件、反应过程、反应产物的影响,分析了不同种类催化剂的优势与不足,并对该领域未来的研究方向提出了建议。指出:应深入探究催化剂的作用机理,开发高效、环保型催化剂;重点研发废弃物制备催化剂,实现废物资源化利用;开展污泥与其他废弃物共热解的研究。     

Sewage sludge composting: Influence of initial mixtures on organic matter evolution and N availability in the final composts

The influence of bulking agents on organic matter (OM) stability and nitrogen (N) availability in sewage sludge composts was investigated. The same sludge was composted on an industrial plant with different mixtures of bulking agents. The composting process included an active phase and a curing phase, both lasting 6 weeks, separated by the screening of composts. The OM evolution was characterised by carbon (C) and N mass balances in biochemical fractions. The OM stability and N potential availability of final composts were measured during soil incubations. During composting, the C and N losses reached more than 62% of the initial C and more than 45% of the initial N, respectively, due to C mineralisation or N volatilisation and screening. The bulking materials mostly influenced OM evolution during the active phase. They contributed to the mitigation of N losses during the active phase where N immobilisation through active microbial activity was favoured by bulking agents increasing the C:N ratio of the initial mixtures. However, the influence of bulking agents on OM evolution was removed by the screening; this induced the homogenisation of compost characteristics and led to the production of sludge composts with similar organic matter characteristics, C degradability and N availability.     

Resource recovery treatment of waste sludge using a solubilizing reagent

The dewatering of waste sludge continues to be a major problem in wastewater treatment. In this study, the solubilization treatment of waste sludge and extracellular polymeric substances using a solubilizing reagent was examined experimentally. For this purpose, a compression test of thickened waste sludge obtained after solubilization treatment was carried out. The total solid content of the dewatered cake was over 30% when using hydrochloric acid or acetic acid as the solubilizing reagent; however, it was about 20% when using sodium hydroxide. The thickened waste sludge was effectively solubilized when the concentration of acetic acid in the sludge, assuming that it was diluted by free water and not bound water in the sludge, was greater than 0.3 kmol/m³. A flocculated sedimentation test using the supernatant water after solubilization treatment was also carried out, revealing that it functions in a similar manner to commercial flocculant in aggregating solid particles under gravity. This result indicates that the supernatant water can act as a bioflocculant. Methane fermentation of the supernatant water was subsequently carried out. The findings showed that by using acetic acid as a solubilizing reagent, solubilized organic substances in the supernatant water could be recovered as a bioenergy resource.     

污泥余热干化技术及其经济性分析

我国污水处理厂每年都会产生大量的污泥,其复杂的成分及高含水率制约污泥的有效利用,如何降低污泥的含水率是其资源化利用的关键.首先调研了污泥产生及成分,从污泥干化的典型工艺及设备、干化过程的环境污染与控制、污泥干化过程的尾气处理和污泥干化经济性分析4个方面对污泥干化技术进行阐述,指出污泥余热干化是污泥实现节能、经济及环保的有效处置方式.     

Heavy metal removal from contaminated sludge for land application: a review

In recent years, various methods for heavy metal removal from sewage sludge have been extensively studied in order to minimize the prospective health risks of sludge during land application. In this paper, a comparative review and critical analysis of the application of chemical extraction, bioleaching, electroreclamation, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), in removing heavy metals from contaminated sludges is presented. Moreover, speciation studies, which can indicate ease of leachability of the different forms of heavy metals in sludge, are also presented. Experimental studies revealed a broad range in metal extraction efficiencies of the different extraction technologies. Acid treatment seemed to effectively remove Cd, attaining as much as 100% removal for some studies, as compared to bioleaching. SFE also gave higher removal efficiency than bioleaching. Cr, Pb and Ni seemed to be also effectively removed by the acid treatment. For the removal of Cu, Mn and Zn, the bioleaching process seemed to be appropriate with maximum removal efficiencies of 91%, 93% and 96% for the three metals, respectively, and as high as 64% minimum removal efficiency for Zn. The SFE process also gave good results for Cu, Mn and Zn removal. Electroreclamation exhibited better removal efficiency for Mn, but is still inferior to acid treatment and bioleaching processes. For chemical extraction, because of the adverse impacts that can result from the use of inorganic acids and complexing agents, interest can be directed more toward utilizing organic acids as extracting agents because of their biodegradability and capability to remove metals at mildly acidic condition, hence requiring less acid. The bioleaching process, although it seems to give a higher yield of metal extraction with lower chemical cost than chemical extraction, may be limited by the inability of the system to cope with the natural environmental conditions, requires strict monitoring of aeration rate and temperature and has applicability to only low sludge solids concentration. A full-scale study would be useful to better assess the efficiency of the process. The electroreclamation technology is limited by its relatively higher energy consumption and limited applicability to sludge. The SFE method, on the other hand, is limited by the complexity of the process and the cost of ligands suitable for effective metal extraction. Both of these technologies are still in their early stage of application and hence there is a need for further basic and applied studies. Finally, the common advantage for almost all treatment technologies studied is that the extraction efficiencies for some metals are high enough to remove metals from sludge to levels suitable for land application.