芦苇湿地处理造纸废水技术对黄河三角洲经济和环境的影响

芦苇湿地处理造纸废水，不仅可以节约宝贵的淡水资源，而且能改善土壤的质量，提高芦苇的产量，继而为造纸业提供丰富的原料，实现循环经济。实践证明，此技术能资源化利用造纸废水，实现造纸废水“零排放”，有利于恢复黄河三角洲退化的生态系统。     

滨州芦苇湿地生态工业园建设模式探讨

滨州沿海区域有大面积的盐碱地,由于土壤条件不适合农业生产,长期闲置,生态环境非常脆弱。为改变当地经济落后面貌,改善生态环境,本文对建设芦苇湿地生态工业园模式进行了有益地探讨。综合分析了区域概况,提出了芦苇湿地生态工业园建设的模式,探讨了芦苇湿地污水处理系统的特点,初步测算了社会、经济和环境效益。     

沙漠尾水综合利用模式探讨研究——以群克消纳地尾水处理工程为例

水资源匮乏成为当前世界改善沙漠生态环境面临的凸出问题之一，合理利用企业尾水成为缓解甚至实现改善沙漠环境的一种尝试。研究以群克消纳地沙漠尾水处理工程为例，提出一种针对尾水沙漠综合利用的新型技术模式。通过研究分析尾水对周边水域、土壤以及绿地植物、脊椎动物、水体生物的影响，结合科学的评价方法，对沙漠尾水综合利用进行评价，得出以下结论:群克消纳地尾水沙漠综合利用的规范化技术新型技术工程有利于周边生态环境变好，对动植物、水体、土壤等没有不良影响;水域边上植被盖度增加，对周边活动沙丘固定起到初步积极作用，同时，也为周边动植物提供栖息场所以及生长发育的环境基础;区域生态环境恢复良好，形成了与区域自然水体类似的生态系统结构，群克消纳地尾水处理工程形成的稳定的生态系统表明，在沙漠中采用无害、生态性的尾水处理技术是可行的。     

广西发展造纸速生桉树人工林基地与生态环境问题

通过对广西大面积发展造纸桉树速生丰产人工林基地建设可能引发的生态环境问题的研究,从发展林业、保护生态环境等方面,提出保护生态环境、实现广西林业可持续发展的对策和建议.     

挺水植物净化村镇污水的实验研究

为研究挺水植物浮床对村镇污水处理厂的水质净化效果及其生长情况,选择美人蕉、黄花鸢尾和芦苇对污水处理厂的进水和生化池进行静态实验.实验表明:低浓度污水中第4一11d为植物快速生长期,污染物浓度均明显减少.美人蕉脱氮除磷效果最好且对污水适应良好;黄花鸢尾和芦苇在高浓度污水中生长缓慢.美人蕉对低、高浓度污水中TN去除量达0....     

ST造纸蒸煮助剂

由长沙赛特造纸化学品有限公司开发的ST造纸蒸煮助剂，适用于各种制浆方法，如硫酸盐法、烧碱法、亚铵法和亚钠法等；各种原料，如各类木材、竹子、芦苇、蔗渣、麦草、龙须草等。     

黄水沟疏通对黄水沟区的生态环境影响

黄水沟区是博斯腾湖(以下简称博湖)的一个重要区域,该区域有苇沼125平方公里,水域面积近100平方公里,在黄水沟疏通前,该区水草繁多,水中营养丰富,是鱼类繁殖的优良场所,每年约有1亿多方农田废水排进黄水沟区,因而,该区起到了进入大湖废水一级“处理场”作用。黄水沟疏通后,该区的生态环境发生了很大变化。几年来,黄水沟周围的草场退化,盐池干涸,芦苇严重衰败,鱼类的产卵场所和鸟类的栖息地在黄水沟区正趋于消亡,此外,黄水沟区对农田排水的缓冲作用已消失,农田高矿化水对大湖构成直接的污染威     

淡水养殖尾水生态净化湿地设计——以连云港市香河生态园淡水养殖尾水净化湿地为例

针对连云港市香河生态园1700亩水产养殖塘尾水,秉持"节水、节能、高产、优质、生态、美丽"理念,构建31.7万m2(475亩)湿地—塘生态净化系统;采用"自然沉淀+复合表面流人工湿地+塘湿地"工艺,削减水体污染物、改善水质,实现尾水回用和无害化排放,保障区域水生态环境和水源地水质安全。项目的实施响应了区域居民的消费升级新需求,探索了区域生态循环经济新模式,对我国其它地区水产养殖尾水的生态化处理具有重大的参考价值。     

创建清洁生产与环境友好型企业——辽河油田特种油开发公司环保工作纪实

<正>特种油开发公司成立于1997年1月,是中国石油辽河油田公司直属的从事超稠油综合开发的生产企业,地处稻田、苇田、绕阳河入海口,控制含油面积6.76km~2,年产原油150万t以上,是全国最大的超稠油生产基地。公司2002     

油污土壤生物修复实验研究

为了有效预防和治理因石油开采、运输等造成的土壤污染,对大庆地区油污土壤进行了生物修复的实验研究,通过室内盆栽模拟实验,对芦苇和香蒲根际土壤的石油类污染物总含量、石油烃类组分浓度、非烃组分浓度进行了测定。结果表明,芦苇和香蒲对石油类污染物具有比较明显的降解作用,可以使被污染土壤中的某些油污成分逐渐被选择性消耗。实验还可看出,芦苇和香蒲对石油类污染物中正构烷烃的降解能力高于非正构烃。总体看,芦苇对石油类污染物的降解能力强于香蒲,但芦苇对非正构烃的降解能力略逊于香蒲。     

芦苇生态湿地系统处理造纸废水的探讨

根据造纸污水的特点,在科学详细地分析、评价、论证了现有造纸污水处理技术的基础上,从滨州市的实际情况出发,充分分析了应用湿地生态技术处理造纸污水的可行性,对造纸企业实现环保与经济双赢具有很好的指导作用.     

浅谈制浆造纸工业水污染处理技术

造纸行业是我国水污染的主要行业。本文分析了我国造纸工业水污染及其治理现状，论述了造纸工业水污染控制对策，提出了造纸工业中中段水采用物化十生化处理、废纸脱墨废水处理采用PE膜处理或气浮＋好氧处理等工艺方法。     

超滤技术处理造纸废水的研究与应用

介绍了超滤技术及其优点,其在制浆废液、漂白废水、纸机白水的处理中的研究应用进展;分析了超滤技术处理造纸废水中的膜污染;指出了影响超滤技术处理造纸废水应用的因素,最后提出了今后的研究方向。     

油田含油污泥与芦苇共热解实验研究

以北方某油田湿地芦苇与油田某污水处理厂剩余污泥为对象,利用同步热分析仪及静态热解炉研究油田含油污泥及含油污泥-芦苇混合物的热解特性,将静态热解过程数据与同步热分析TG(热重分析)、DTG(微分热重分析)、DSC(差示扫描量热分析)曲线结合,计算了终止温度、产物量等。结果表明:不同含油污泥样品其产物生成率差别不大,热解TG、DTG和DSC曲线有较大差别,添加一定比例的芦苇可以使含油污泥热解过程变得匀速缓和,5%(质量比)的芦苇添加量可以使热解残渣恒重温度降低约25℃。混掺芦苇的样品残渣呈分散颗粒状,无聚结现象,对热解结焦将产生一定抑制作用。     

造纸废水好氧生化处理系统污泥臭氧氧化减量研究

本文开展了利用O3氧化造纸废水生化处理系统产生剩余污泥的实验研究,根据O3对污泥性状、细胞溶解性COD及细胞电导率透性等指标的影响规律,提出了利用O3氧化剩余污泥实现系统污泥减量的最佳技术条件：在污泥浓度为5000mg／L时,体系中初始O3浓度为8．0～16．0mg／L时,接触氧化时间控制在20min,即可保证细胞溶胞的目的,在此条件下可实现系统污泥减量87．1％。     

Life cycle assessment of biofibres replacing glass fibres as reinforcement in plastics

This article aims to determine the environmental performance of China reed fibre used as a substitute for glass fibre as reinforcement in plastics and to identify key environmental parameters. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed on these two materials for an application to plastic transport pallets. Transport pallets reinforced with China reed fibre prove to be ecologically advantageous if they have a minimal lifetime of 3 years compared with the 5-year lifetime of the conventional pallet. The energy consumption and other environmental impacts are strongly reduced by the use of raw renewable fibres, due to three important factors: (a) the substitution of glass fibre production by the natural fibre production; (b) the indirect reduction in the use of polypropylene linked to the higher proportion of China reed fibre used and (c) the reduced pallet weight, which reduces fuel consumption during transport. Considering the whole life cycle, the polypropylene production process and the transport cause the strongest environmental impacts during the use phase of the life cycle. Since thermoplastic composites are hardly biodegradable, incineration has to be preferred to discharge on landfills at the end of its useful life cycle. The potential advantages of the renewable fibres will be effective only if a purer fibre extraction is obtained to ensure an optimal material stiffness, a topic for further research. China reed biofibres are finally compared with other usages of biomass, biomaterials, in general, can enable a three to ten times more efficient valorisation of biomass than mere heat production or biofuels for transport.     

Microcosm wetlands for wastewater treatment with different hydraulic loading rates and macrophytes

Constructed wetlands (CW) usually require large land areas for treating wastewater. This study evaluated the feasibility of applying CW with less land requirement by operating a group of microcosm wetlands at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of less than 4 d in southern Taiwan. An artificial wastewater, simulating municipal wastewater containing 200 mg L(-1) of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 20 mg L(-1) of NH4+-N (AN), and 20 mg L(-1) of PO4(3-)-P (OP), was the inflow source. Three emergent plants [reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.; water primrose, Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven; and dayflower, Commelina communis L.] and two floating plants [water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.; and water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes L.] plants were tested. The planted systems showed more nutrient removal than unplanted systems; however, the type of macrophytes in CW did not make a major difference in treatment. At the HRTs of 2 to 4 d, the planted system maintained greater than 72,80, and 46% removal for COD, AN, and OP, respectively. For AN and OP removal, the highest efficiencies occurred at the HRT of 3 d, whereas maximum removal rates for AN and OP occurred at the HRT of 2 d. Both removal rates and efficiencies were reduced drastically at the HRT of 1 d. Removals of COD, OP, and AN followed first-order reactions within the HRTs of 1 to 4 d. The efficient removals of these constituents obtained with HRT between 2 and 4 d indicated the possibility of using a CW system for wastewater treatment with less land requirement.     

Effects of reed straw, zeolite, and superphosphate amendments on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from stored duck manure

Stored poultry manure can be a significant source of ammonia (NH) and greenhouse gases (GHGs), including nitrous oxide (NO), methane (CH), and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions. Amendments can be used to modify physiochemical properties of manure, thus having the potential to reduce gas emissions. Here, we lab-tested the single and combined effects of addition of reed straw, zeolite, and superphosphate on gas emissions from stored duck manure. We showed that, over a period of 46 d, cumulative NH emissions were reduced by 61 to 70% with superphosphate additions, whereas cumulative NO emissions were increased by up to 23% compared with the control treatment. Reed straw addition reduced cumulative NH, NO, and CH emissions relative to the control by 12, 27, and 47%, respectively, and zeolite addition reduced cumulative NH and NO emissions by 36 and 20%, respectively. Total GHG emissions (as CO-equivalents) were reduced by up to 27% with the additions of reed straw and/or zeolite. Our results indicate that reed straw or zeolite can be recommended as amendments to reduce GHG emissions from duck manure; however, superphosphate is more effective in reducing NH emissions.     

超声/臭氧氧化处理含酚废水实验研究

在实验装置上对超声/臭氧联合处理含酚废水进行了实验研究。考察了废水初始pH值、反应时间、臭氧通入量、超声功率等因素对酚去除率的影响。研究表明,超声辐射在臭氧氧化过程中起加速反应的作用,而且随着超声功率的增大,加速反应的能力增强;废水初始pH值为11时酚去除效果最佳;随着臭氧通入量的增大、反应时间的延长,酚去除率不断增大;超声/臭氧处理酚废水过程中酚的降解规律符合表观一级反应。     

Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and nutrient properties of wastewater sludge biochar

The important challenge for effective management of wastewater sludge materials in an environmentally and economically acceptable way can be addressed through pyrolytic conversion of the sludge to biochar and agricultural applications of the biochar. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of pyrolysis temperature on production of wastewater sludge biochar and evaluate the properties required for agronomic applications. Wastewater sludge collected from an urban wastewater treatment plant was pyrolysed in a laboratory scale reactor. It was found that by increasing the pyrolysis temperature (over the range from 300 °C to 700 °C) the yield of biochar decreased. Biochar produced at low temperature was acidic whereas at high temperature it was alkaline in nature. The concentration of nitrogen was found to decrease while micronutrients increased with increasing temperature. Concentrations of trace metals present in wastewater sludge varied with temperature and were found to primarily enriched in the biochar.