再生水厂原水水质在线预警系统研究与应用

再生水原水水质在线预警系统能够为再生水工艺安全、稳定的运行提供保障.以中国北方T市某再生水厂为例,分析再生水厂进水主要污染指标的变化规律,根据再生水厂的MBR处理工艺特征及要求,确定6项预警指标为pH、COD、TN、NH3-N、TP和SS.在原水水质在线监测系统的基础上,建立了基于神经网络的水质预测方法.结合实际运行情...     

运用LCA方法分析污水再生处理的成本效益

运用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,以西安市北石桥污水净化中心的污水处理与再生利用全过程为例进行环境影响评价,通过清单分析、当量计算和权重分析等一系列分析过程,计算出污水处理过程的投入成本及污水再生处理前后对环境的影响,得出污水在经过处理后,能够很大程度上减小其对环境的影响,从而产生环境正效益。该研究明确了污水处理在环境保护中的重要地位,同时对优化污水处理与再生利用工艺过程具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

柱状V/AC催化剂的再生对脱硫活性的影响

使用常压固定床反应器,考察了吸附SO2的柱状V/AC催化剂的热再生和NH3再生行为.结果表明:柱状V/AC催化剂再生过程中生成的SO2主要沿催化剂轴向由内部向外扩散.催化剂350 ℃NH3再生的效率高于热再生的效率.两次热再生后柱状V/AC催化剂的脱硫活性开始下降,而六次NH3再生后的脱硫活性仍保持不变,甚至还稍高于新鲜柱状V/AC催化剂的脱硫活性.柱状V/AC催化剂孔结构和元素分析结果表明,NH3再生使催化剂表面含N官能团增加,保护了催化剂小于1 nm的微孔.     

MBBR-SA工艺处理模拟大豆深加工废水厌氧出水及污泥减量化

针对大豆深加工高浓度有机废水厌氧出水的特点,采用移动床生物膜反应器-沉淀池-厌氧池(MBBR-SA)工艺进行处理,重点考察了其COD去除、脱氮以及污泥减量化的性能。处理前厌氧出水水质参数为COD 1 350～1 851 mg/L、TN 45～73 mg/L和TP 35～55 mg/L。结果表明,经过70 d的运行,在最佳水力停留时间(HRT)1.68 d与最佳回流比0.75条件下,出水平均COD、TN和NH4+-N浓度分别为91.5、12.4和11.4 mg/L,分别达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》二级标准、二级标准和一级B标准,其平均去除率分别为96.0%、87.4%和88.3%;该工艺未排放剩余污泥,其表观污泥产率为0.13,比MBBR降低了43.5%,具有明显的污泥减量化特性。     

杭州市某典型建筑垃圾资源化处理项目的技术过程碳减排效益分析

采用生命周期评价方法对杭州市某年处理10万t的典型建筑垃圾资源化处理项目进行技术过程的碳减排效益分析,主要包括破碎分选、高值外售、再生利用、除尘系统和最终处置5个工艺单元.结果显示,建筑垃圾资源化处理项目的技术过程具有明显的碳减排效益,处理1.00 t建筑垃圾的碳排放量为-423.85 kg(以CO2当量计),主要得益...     

膜生物反应器处理餐饮废水中水回用工程实例研究

对膜生物反应器工艺处理餐饮废水的中水回用工程实例进行介绍,并对其调试和运行情况进行研究。结果表明,出水BOD5、NH3-N、浊度、pH等指标均满足《城市污水再生利用——城市杂用水水质》(GB/T18920—2002)规定的要求,可以回用作超市冲厕水;同时,该工艺对COD、TN、油类污染物、TP、SS也有较好的去除效果。技术经济分析表明,实施中水回用工程后可以节约费用为8.94万元/a。     

响应面法在复合垂直流人工湿地对村镇污水脱氮优化设计中的应用

构建复合垂直流人工湿地系统处理村镇污水,获得了不同流程、水力负荷、C/N条件下湿地系统对污水TN的净化效果数据,并进行分析。利用响应面分析法与遗传优化算法对主要工艺参数进行优化设计,找到正交试验以外的最优点和最差点。结果表明,复合垂直流人工湿地TN去除率随流程的增加呈上升趋势,TN主要在下行池中去除;随水力负荷增加,TN去除率呈现下降趋势;在所研究的范围内,C/N为15.00时TN去除效果最佳。基于正交试验设计的响应面回归方程,可作为垂直流人工湿地的TN去除率计算函数,相对误差基本控制在10%以内;使用遗传算法对响应面回归方程进行全局优化分析,对不同植物床湿地的最优点和最差点进行对比分析,这些点与湿地种植的植物相关关系不大,不同植物床湿地呈现相似的参数条件。     

长春南湖营养盐与叶绿素a的分布与富营养化评价

在研究长春南湖水体中TP、TN和叶绿素a的时空分布及相关性的基础上,采用综合富营养化指数法对南湖水体进行评价。结果表明:(1)常温期,TP、TN和叶绿素a含量均为9月5月;9月的TP、TN为表层底层,叶绿素a含量为底层表层;5月的TP、TN和叶绿素a的含量均为底层表层;TP为渔场保护区人为活动区荷花池区,TN和叶绿素a含量均为渔场保护区荷花池区人为活动区。(2)冰封期,TP、TN和叶绿素a含量为水层冰层;TP、叶绿素a含量为渔场保护区人为活动区,TN为人为活动区渔场保护区。与常温期相比,TP、TN和叶绿素a含量总体上均为9月5月2月;各区水体中TP和叶绿素a含量的分布与常温期保持一致,而TN的分布有一定的变化。(3)相对于氮,磷含量的高低是控制藻类及浮游生物生长更为关键的因子。(4)9月的营养级别是中度富营养,2月的营养级别是中营养,5月的营养级别是轻度富营养。综合营养状态指数大小依次为9月5月2月。常温期不同功能区的营养级别均属轻度富营养。     

产芝水库底泥和其间隙水中氮、磷分布特征

在现场调查和样品采集的基础上,对产芝水库主要采样点底泥及其间隙水中TN、NH+-N、NO3--N和TP浓度进行了测定,并对底泥TN,TP和其间隙水中TN、总溶解性磷(TDP)浓度进行了相关性分析.研究结果表明,产芝水库底泥含水率和有机质含量在表层均较高;而底泥中氮、磷浓度自深度为10 cm处向表层多表现出增加的趋势,间...     

包埋法处理抗生素废水的试验研究

采用包埋活性污泥对抗生素废水进行了试验研究,以COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TN去除率为指标,考察包埋活性污泥处理抗生素废水的可行性,结果表明,COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TN去除率分别为68.02%、78.80%、45.00%和49.11%.说明包埋法处理抗生素废水是可行的,尤其是去除TN上具有一定的优势.     

The influence of biomass energy consumption on CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions: a wavelet coherence approach

In terms of today, one may argue, throughout observations from energy literature papers, that (i) one of the main contributors of the global warming is carbon dioxide emissions, (ii) the fossil fuel energy usage greatly contributes to the carbon dioxide emissions, and (iii) the simulations from energy models attract the attention of policy makers to renewable energy as alternative energy source to mitigate the carbon dioxide emissions. Although there appears to be intensive renewable energy works in the related literature regarding renewables’ efficiency/impact on environmental quality, a researcher might still need to follow further studies to review the significance of renewables in the environment since (i) the existing seminal papers employ time series models and/or panel data models or some other statistical observation to detect the role of renewables in the environment and (ii) existing papers consider mostly aggregated renewable energy source rather than examining the major component(s) of aggregated renewables. This paper attempted to examine clearly the impact of biomass on carbon dioxide emissions in detail through time series and frequency analyses. Hence, the paper follows wavelet coherence analyses. The data covers the US monthly observations ranging from 1984:1 to 2015 for the variables of total energy carbon dioxide emissions, biomass energy consumption, coal consumption, petroleum consumption, and natural gas consumption. The paper thus, throughout wavelet coherence and wavelet partial coherence analyses, observes frequency properties as well as time series properties of relevant variables to reveal the possible significant influence of biomass usage on the emissions in the USA in both the short-term and the long-term cycles. The paper also reveals, finally, that the biomass consumption mitigates CO₂ emissions in the long run cycles after the year 2005 in the USA.     

2种典型餐厨垃圾资源化处理工艺的环境影响分析

为了评估餐厨垃圾资源化处理工艺对环境的影响,运用生命周期评价的方法,比较了2种典型的资源化处理工艺——好氧堆肥和湿热处理对环境的影响。结果表明,2种餐厨垃圾资源化处理工艺对全球变暖、生态毒性、酸化和富营养化的影响各有不同。其中,好氧堆肥对全球变暖的贡献较大,碳排放为337.7 kg CO_2eq./t。湿热处理为163.1 kg CO_2eq./t。在环境影响负荷方面,湿热处理工艺中的高能耗加重了毒性的影响。但由于其对环境的酸化、富营养化的不利影响较小,湿热处理的环境影响负荷总值是好氧堆肥的62.5%。总体上,湿热处理是一种对环境影响较小的餐厨垃圾处理工艺。     

A life-cycle comparison of several auxiliary blowing agents used for the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foam

In a commitment to zero ozone depletion, the United Nations and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have called for the phase-out of the manufacture and import of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), used as auxiliary blowing agents (ABAs) in the manufacture of polyurethane foams. As a result, more environmentally benign alternative ABAs are being sought by the foam-blowing industry. This study examined the life cycle of HCFC-22, hydrofluorocarbon-134a (HFC-134a), and cyclopentane, which are currently used or considered as potential alternative ABAs in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams that serve as insulation in a model North American refrigerator. The raw material extraction/refining, manufacturing, use, and disposal stages of the life cycle of each ABA were considered, and their resulting relative impacts on ozone depletion and global warming were compared. The manufacturing, use, and disposal stages were determined to affect ozone depletion and global warming to the largest extent, emphasizing the need for a greater focus on pollution prevention opportunities in these stages. The HFC-134a life cycle yields no impact on ozone depletion and a significantly decreased global warming impact compared with its predecessor, HCFC-22, and a tradeoff of slightly higher global warming impact and fewer added safety concerns compared with its more flammable counterpart, cyclopentane.     

Do renewable energies contribute to enhancing environmental quality in Eastern Africa?

East Africa has enormous renewable energy potential, but only a small portion of it has been exploited, and little is known on its role in improving environmental quality. Thus, this study empirically examines the impact of renewable energy on the environment using ecological footprint (EF; positive indicator) and CO₂ emissions (negative indicator) as proxy indicators for environmental quality in a panel of ten East African countries from 1990 to 2015. These indicators were chosen due to their potential impact in the environment. The work used the pooled mean group (PMG) as the main panel estimator to determine the impact while controlling non-renewable energy consumption, GDP per capita, and foreign direct investment (FDI). PMG has been used as it forces the long-run coefficients to be equal across all panel groups. The findings show that in the long run, there is a significant negative relationship between CO₂ emissions and renewable energy consumption, as well as a significant positive relationship (with a low impact) between EF and renewable energy consumption, suggesting that renewable energy use enhances the area’s environmental quality. Also, results indicate that non-renewable energy use degrades environmental quality in both metrics, whereas GDP degrades environmental quality through CO₂ emissions and improves environmental quality through EF. This requires East African countries to focus a higher emphasis on accessible renewable energy sources to achieve quick and sustainable economic growth and minimize environmental effects. To accomplish this, strategic policies and legislation, as well as the promotion of green technology, are required.

     

The effects of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption on the ecological footprint: the role of environmental policy in BRICS countries

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims to investigate the impact of economic growth, renewable energy consumption, nonrenewable energy consumption, industrialization, and...     

Influencing factors of carbon emissions and their trends in China and India: a machine learning method

China and India are the largest coal consumers and the most populated countries in the world. With industrial and population growth, the need for energy has increased, which has inevitably led to an increase in carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions because both countries depend on fossil fuel consumption. This paper investigates the impact of energy consumption, financial development (FD), gross domestic product (GDP), population, and renewable energy on CO₂ emissions. The study applies the long short-term memory (LSTM) method, a novel machine learning (ML) approach, to examine which influencing driver has the greatest and smallest impact on CO₂ emissions; correspondingly, this study builds a model for CO₂ emission reduction. Data collected between 1990 and 2014 were analyzed, and the results indicated that energy consumption had the greatest effect and renewable energy had the smallest impact on CO₂ emissions in both countries. Subsequently, we increased the renewable energy coefficient by one and decreased the energy consumption coefficient by one while keeping all other factors constant, and the results predicted with the LSTM model confirmed the significant reduction in CO₂ emissions. Finally, this study forecasted a CO₂ emission trend, with a slowdown predicted in China by 2022; however, CO₂ emission’s reduction is not possible in India until 2023. These results suggest that shifting from nonrenewable to renewable sources and lowering coal consumption can reduce CO₂ emissions without harming economic development.

     

Comparison of environmental effects and resource consumption for different wastewater and organic waste management systems in a new city area in Sweden

An analysis of the environmental effects and resource consumption by four systems for management of wastewater and organic household waste in a new city area have been performed, as follows: (1) conventional system complemented with advanced sludge treatment for phosphorus recovery, (2) blackwater system with urine diversion and food waste disposers, (3) blackwater system with food waste disposers and reverse osmosis, and (4) local wastewater treatment plant with nutrient recovery by using reverse osmosis. Substance-flow analysis and energy/exergy calculations were performed by using the software tool URWARE/ORWARE. Emissions were calculated and classified based on the impact categories global warming potential, acidification, and eutrophication, according to ISO 14042 (2000). The analysis also included nutrient recovery (i.e., the potential to use nutrients as a fertilizer). Depending on which aspects are prioritized, different systems can be considered to be the most advantageous.     

Statistical inquiry into the causes of global temperature changes

Observed changes in average global temperatures over time have led to two general avenues of discussion in the environmental literature. The scientific community has concentrated on the statistical detection of global warming and the determination of biological and industrial factors causing average world temperatures to rise. A second avenue of thought considers the issue of economic abatement by attempting to measure the pecuniary costs of global warming and the elimination of factors influencing this problem. This paper concentrates not on developing an economic model of global warming and environmental damage, but rather on examining the problem from a purely statistical vantage point. Utilising annual data from 1950 to 1991 and optimally determined vector auto regression specifications, it is shown that general industrial growth and greenhouse gas emission levels statistically cause a persistent increase in average global temperatures. In addition, this analysis shows that increasing average world temperatures have a statistically significant negative causal impact on agricultural productivity. Given that global warming is a long-term process culminating from decades of industrial activity, statistically significant causal results derived in this paper using short term data are interesting. Statistical results suggest that trends in average temperatures respond to short-run fluctuations in industrial activity and population growth.     

Roadmap for climate alliance economies to vision 2030: retrospect and lessons

The United Nations Climate Conference 25, held in December 2019, reached a significant agreement against implementing the Paris agreement come 2020. Bound by the contract, 189 countries who are party to the deal agreed to constrain worldwide temperature to ascend to 1.5° Celsius. To this end, the present study attempts to investigate the readiness of selected countries in the European Union to implement the agreement, which will better the quality of the global environment. In line with this, this study appraises the connection between economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, on emissions in 11 countries in the European Union from 1990 to 2016. The study utilises the Pooled Mean Group-Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model estimator and Dumitrescu and Hurlin Panel Causality analysis to analyse the long-run and short-run impact and direction of causality among these factors, respectively. The long-run study's empirical results show a U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and a negative connection between renewable energy use and emissions in the EU-11 countries. In the short-run, non-renewable energy use worsens CO₂ emissions while renewable energy use leads to a fall in emissions. Similarly, causality tests show a feedback mechanism between emissions and renewable energy use and between non-renewable energy and renewable use. Also, there is unidirectional causality from income to CO₂ emissions, non-renewable energy use to CO₂ emissions. The investigation recommends an expanded proportion of renewable energy sources in the EU countries’ energy mix to cut down on emissions.

     

Exploring the capacity of renewable energy consumption to reduce outdoor air pollution death rate in Latin America and the Caribbean region

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The impact of renewable energy consumption on reducing the outdoor air pollution death rate, in nineteen Latin America &amp; the Caribbean...