过氧化钙联合絮凝剂调理污泥改善脱水性能

污泥经过CaO_2联合絮凝剂处理后,其脱水性能得到明显改善。采用改变初始pH、调理剂投加量以及改变调理剂投加顺序的方法,调理污泥改善脱水性能;采用Zeta电位、激光粒度、胞外聚合物及结合水分析对调理前后的污泥进行了表征;研究了调理剂不同投加量对污泥脱水性能的影响;探讨了不同调理剂下污泥脱水机理。结果表明:CaO_2联合絮凝剂(微生物絮凝剂或壳聚糖)明显改善污泥脱水降低污泥含水率;CaO_2联合絮凝剂调理后的污泥粒径和Zeta电位均有所减小,并且CaO_2在絮凝剂之前投加,降低幅度更加明显;先投加CaO_2,污泥层状结构会在氧化作用下发生裂解破碎,形成不规则的小絮体,使污泥破坏得更彻底;在絮凝剂之前投加CaO_2,污泥经过处理后的可溶性糖类和可溶性蛋白质的浓度增加,而结合的糖类、蛋白质及结合水的变化量却减小。因此,CaO_2联合絮凝剂可以优化污泥脱水性能,且CaO_2与絮凝剂的投加顺序对于污泥脱水有显著影响。     

超声波强化给水污泥沉降和脱水性能的研究

就超声波强化给水污泥沉降和脱水性能进行了研究.通过对SV、比阻和滤饼含水率等指标的分析发现,短时间的超声预处理可以明显改善污泥的沉降和脱水性能,且低频(25 kHz)比高频(147.9 kHz)时效果更好.当超声波声密度0.25 W/mL,超声时间3 s时,污泥滤饼含水率比原污泥下降4.7%.最佳超声波声密度0.45 W/mL.短时间超声条件下,超声波与絮凝剂的联用可以进一步降低污泥滤饼含水率,且达到相同滤饼含水率时可减少絮凝剂用量约80%,投资费用大大减小.超声波可以取代絮凝剂促进污泥的沉降性能.     

超声波强化给水污泥沉降和脱水性能的研究

就超声波强化给水污泥沉降和脱水性能进行了研究.通过对SV、比阻和滤饼含水率等指标的分析发现,短时间的超声预处理可以明显改善污泥的沉降和脱水性能,且低频（25 kHz）比高频（147.9 kHz）时效果更好.当超声波声密度0.25 W/mL,超声时间3 s时,污泥滤饼含水率比原污泥下降4.7%.最佳超声波声密度0.45 W/mL.短时间超声条件下,超声波与絮凝剂的联用可以进一步降低污泥滤饼含水率,且达到相同滤饼含水率时可减少絮凝剂用量约80%,投资费用大大减小.超声波可以取代絮凝剂促进污泥的沉降性能.     

微波预处理对制革污泥絮凝脱水性能的影响

分别采用微波、絮凝剂和微波联合絮凝剂对制革污泥进行脱水预处理,考察不同处理条件下制革污泥沉降速率(SV30)、毛细吸水时间(CST)和污泥比阻(SRF)的变化,并通过粘度、水分分布和微观结构的变化探讨相关的脱水机理。结果表明,在微波输出功率为648 W、辐射时间为60 s的预处理条件下,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)投加剂量为8 mg/L时,污泥脱水性能达到最佳。与单独添加絮凝剂的污泥脱水相比,该条件下的SV30、CST和SRF分别降低了25.0%、48.9%和34.7%。污泥絮凝脱水前进行微波预处理能够进一步提高污泥的脱水性能,微波辐射联合CPAM进行污泥脱水时,CPAM则起主要脱水作用。微波辐射通过破坏污泥絮体结构,改变污泥中的水分分布,降低污泥的粘度,从而提高污泥的脱水性能。     

微波/超声波对污泥粒度与水分的影响

脱水是污泥处理的重要工艺,预处理技术可以改变污泥脱水特性,促使污泥含水率的降低。在总结国内外污泥脱水特性表征的基础上,对超声、微波和超声微波组合方法处理后的污泥进行实验,分析在不同的条件下,污泥的毛细吸水时间(capillary suction time,CST)、粒度分布、水分的变化情况,并根据差示扫描量热仪(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)测试结果计算出结合水的含量。研究结果表明:在微波作用时间为180 s时效果最好,污泥的CST为5.8 s,d50为5.423μm;超声作用30 s时效果最好,污泥的CST为12.1 s,d50为4.509μm;在超声与微波组合作用下微波时间为60 s、超声时间为30 s时,污泥的CST为12.8 s,d50为3.731μm。在此3种作用条件下,DSC图谱中峰值出现较早,峰值处热流分别为3.428、4.343和4.268 W·g-1。分析结果表明,经预处理后的污泥脱水特性向着有益于脱水的方向改变,粒度分析与DSC能够表征污泥含水率的变化情况。     

超声、臭氧处理石化污水厂剩余活性污泥研究

采用超声波和臭氧处理石化污水处理厂的剩余活性污泥，促进其脱水和破解。实验结果表明，小功率超声对污泥脱水效果较好，最佳超声条件为：输出电压70 V，超声时间2 min；污泥抽滤后的含水率在试验范围内随臭氧量的增加而降低，最佳臭氧剂量为0.05 g O³/g SS。经超声处理过的臭氧化污泥要比没经超声处理过的含水率低约1%。在传统的絮凝方法下，加上超声和臭氧可以使污泥含水率再降低2%以上，减少絮凝剂用量近40%；臭氧和超声联合比单独臭氧对污泥破解效果更显著，污泥可减量约25%。臭氧投量较少时，超声破解效果更明显。     

混凝好氧颗粒污泥的絮凝剂选择

为选择出适应于混凝好氧颗粒污泥培养的絮凝剂,通过絮凝剂添加量、污泥浓度、搅拌速度、搅拌时间等因子进行L9(3)4正交实验,以COD、浊度去除效果及絮凝颗粒结构为考察因子,研究聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)及壳聚糖的絮凝效果。结果表明,在不同絮凝剂的最佳混凝条件下,PAM的效果最好,壳聚糖次之,PAC最差,但壳聚糖COD随其添加浓度的增加而增加;絮凝颗粒结构中,以PAM的絮凝颗粒效果最好,其结构紧溱而颗粒中间的空隙相对较大,有利于吸附污染物和微生物的生长,适宜作为颗粒污泥培养的絮凝剂。     

超声波处理、热处理及酸碱调节对剩余污泥溶解效果的对比研究

以高含磷剩余污泥为对象,采用超声波处理、热处理和酸碱调节3种减量化技术,研究了细胞物质溶解过程中COD、氮、磷的释放规律.结果表明,在超声最大时间为1.0 h、声能密度为0.167～0.500 W/mL的实验条件下,超声波处理中污泥减量和细胞物质的释放效果随超声时间延长而提高,声能密度对释放效果的影响较小;在热处理中,污泥减量和细胞物质的释放效果随热处理温度的升高和热处理时间的延长而提高,但热处理温度的贡献大于热处理时间;在超声波处理和热处理(除热处理温度为50 ℃外)中,污泥上清液TN中均以有机氮为主,NH3-N次之;在酸碱调节处理中,只有在初始pH为12.0时,处理4.0 h后才会有一定的污泥减量和溶解效果,但污泥浓度下降不明显.3种减量化技术中,超声波处理最为经济、有效.     

微生物絮凝剂与聚合氯化铝复配处理涂料废水的响应面优化

采用响应面分析法对聚合氯化铝(PAC)与污泥生产的微生物絮凝剂复配处理涂料废水的过程进行了优化,设定的响应值为COD和色度去除率。实验分别拟合了关于COD去除率和色度去除率的二次模型,根据响应值的分布情况,确定涂料废水的最佳絮凝条件为微生物絮凝剂浓度47 mg/L,PAC浓度39 mg/L,pH为8.2,CaCl2浓度0.38 g/L,搅拌速度210 r/min。最佳絮凝条件下,微生物絮凝剂对涂料废水中COD和色度的去除率分别达到77.6%和68.9%。     

工业化规模超声波预处理对不同固体浓度污泥厌氧消化性能的影响

针对活性污泥厌氧消化水解速率慢的问题,通过工业化规模超声波反应器对不同固体浓度污泥开展了破解研究。采用粒径分析及溶解性COD、蛋白质和多糖浓度监测的方法研究了超声波破解前后污泥物理化学特性的变化;评估了超声波破解对污泥厌氧消化产甲烷潜力及有机物降解规律的影响。结果表明:工业化规模超声波破解不同固体浓度污泥后,污泥粒径均有所降低,而溶解性COD、蛋白质和多糖的浓度均有增加;超声波对污泥的破解程度与破解时间和固体浓度有关,其随破解时间增加而增加,随污泥固体浓度增加而减弱;超声波破解固体浓度2%和4%的污泥30 min后,累积甲烷产率分别提升41.2%和30.2%,当破解时间和固体浓度进一步增加时,污泥甲烷产率无明显变化。本研究结果可为超声波破解污泥技术的工业化应用提供参考。     

污水污泥有机调质浓缩和无机调质脱水工艺研究

介绍了一种污水污泥有机调质浓缩和无机调质脱水工艺，它可有效提高污泥浓缩和脱水效率。含水率99％以上的剩余污泥经过有机调质后可快速浓缩至含水率93％左右，去除污泥中的间隙水和表面吸附水。浓缩污泥经过无机调质后可板框压滤脱水至含水率60％左右，脱除污泥中的毛细结合水和部分细胞水，而且实现了污泥重金属的稳定化。     

湿污泥在流化床中干燥特性

在鼓泡流化床干燥器内,床料采用0～1 mm的石英砂,以热空气作为干燥介质,对城市污水污泥的流态化干燥特性进行实验研究。通过控制送风温度、流化风量、加料量、污泥粒径等参数,研究在不同工况条件下床温以及干污泥含水率的变化情况。结果表明,随着送风温度的升高,床温升高,干污泥含水率下降,最终趋向于一个稳定值8%。床温随流化风量的增加先是减小而后升高,干污泥的含水率随流化风量的增加先是降低而后增大。当加料量从11 kg/h增加到13kg/h时,干污泥的含水率基本没有变化,当加料量超过13 kg/h时,干污泥的含水率从8.1%开始呈递增趋势。随污泥粒径的增大,床温升高,干污泥含水率也随之升高。     

污水厂污泥一体化竖式强化渗滤浓缩自然干化与消化研究

针对目前国内污泥处理处置存在的问题,为实现污泥浓缩消化一体化,开发了污泥一体化强化渗滤浓缩自然干化与消化新工艺反应器,并进行了城市水厂污泥处理试验.结果表明,在有机负荷为0.8 kg VSS/(m3·d)、平均水力停留时间为8.3 d、污泥停留时间为120 d的条件下,污泥有机物去除率可达到44.4%,排泥含水率达到79.1%,污泥消化与浓缩过程起到了相互促进的作用.渗滤液须抽回至污水处理厂处理.     

Effect of humification processes on polyaromatic hydrocarbons concentration during wastewater treatment.

The aim of the present work was to compare the concentration changes of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the course of humification processes during wastewater treatment. Studies of samples from a biological-mechanical wastewater treatment plant in Sosnowiec-Zagórze (Poland) were carried out. Determination of PAH was performed both for wastewater sludge and sludge water. Observations of the course of humification processes for humic acid fractions isolated from sludges were conducted. Analysis of PAH extracted from wastewaters and from sludge was performed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Investigations of humification processes were conducted by electron paramagnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The elementary composition changes in the structure of the extracted humic acids were determined. It was found that polyaromatic hydrocarbons appear during the processes of humification. Their content in water decreased only after the process of sludge aeration; however, sludge water leaving the settlers was PAH-enriched.     

生物铁法去除维生素B1生产废水中COD的试验研究

生物铁法是一种新型的强化活性污泥法,处理高浓度、难生物降解维生素B1生产废水具有很大的优势.当进水COD浓度维持在8000 mg/L时,COD的去除率可达94%以上,比普通活性污泥法高出9.7%.生物铁法污泥絮凝沉淀效果好,能保证系统有较高浓度的回流污泥,从而使曝气池的污泥浓度得到提高,COD的去除率也会相应地提高.     

生物铁法去除维生素B1生产废水中COD的试验研究

生物铁法是一种新型的强化活性污泥法，处理高浓度、难生物降解维生素B1生产废水具有很大的优势。当进水COD浓度维持在8000mg／L时，COD的去除率可达94％以上，比普通活性污泥法高出9．7％。生物铁法污泥絮凝沉淀效果好，能保证系统有较高浓度的回流污泥，从而使曝气池的污泥浓度得到提高，COD的去除率也会相应地提高。     

Sorption and Biodegradation of Vapor-Phase Organic Compounds with Wastewater Sludge and Food Waste Compost

ABSTRACT

To test the possible use of composted food waste and wastewater sludge as biofilters to treat gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs), batch experiments were conducted with an isolated strain that could degrade aromatic compounds under aerobic conditions. A benzene and trichloroethylene (TCE) mixture was used as the gas-phase pollutant in experiments with composted food waste, sludge, and soil. Under aerobic conditions, benzene was degraded as a primary substrate and TCE was degraded cometabolically, with water contents varying from 6 to 60% (volume of water added/volume of solid). Optimal water content for VOC removal was 12% for the soil, 36% for the composted food waste, and 48% for the sludge.

The extent of VOC sorption and biodegradation at the optimal water content was different for each material. With the same initial VOC concentration, more VOCs were removed by sorption onto the composted food waste and the sludge, while less VOCs were biodegraded in comparison with the results using soil. The reason the biodegradation in the soil was greater may be partly attributed to the fact that, due to less sorption, the aqueous-phase concentration of VOCs, which microorganisms could utilize as a carbon source or cometabolize, was higher. We also speculate that the distribution of microorganisms in each medium affects the rate of biodegradation. A large number of microorganisms were attached to the composted food waste and sludge. Mass transfer of VOCs and oxygen to these microorganisms, which appear to have been heterogeneously distributed in clusters, may have been limited, resulting in hindered biodegradation.     

Sorption and biodegradation of vapor-phase organic compounds with wastewater sludge and food waste compost

To test the possible use of composted food waste and wastewater sludge as biofilters to treat gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs), batch experiments were conducted with an isolated strain that could degrade aromatic compounds under aerobic conditions. A benzene and trichloroethylene (TCE) mixture was used as the gas-phase pollutant in experiments with composted food waste, sludge, and soil. Under aerobic conditions, benzene was degraded as a primary substrate and TCE was degraded cometabolically, with water contents varying from 6 to 60% (volume of water added/volume of solid). Optimal water content for VOC removal was 12% for the soil, 36% for the composted food waste, and 48% for the sludge. The extent of VOC sorption and biodegradation at the optimal water content was different for each material. With the same initial VOC concentration, more VOCs were removed by sorption onto the composted food waste and the sludge, while less VOCs were biodegraded in comparison with the results using soil. The reason the biodegradation in the soil was greater may be partly attributed to the fact that, due to less sorption, the aqueous-phase concentration of VOCs, which microorganisms could utilize as a carbon source or cometabolize, was higher. We also speculate that the distribution of microorganisms in each medium affects the rate of biodegradation. A large number of microorganisms were attached to the composted food waste and sludge. Mass transfer of VOCs and oxygen to these microorganisms, which appear to have been heterogeneously distributed in clusters, may have been limited, resulting in hindered biodegradation.