共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
李玉军 《安全.健康和环境》2011,11(10):49-50
油料火灾特性是以燃烧、爆炸为标志,分为引发火灾的危险性和发生火灾后的危害性两个方面。引发火灾的危险性指标主要是闪点、爆炸极限、自燃点;发生火灾后的危害性指标是燃烧速率、火焰高度、热辐射等。柴油的闪点比较高,国家标准(GB252-2000) 相似文献
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化工设备检修火灾危险性大,操作不慎或违反操作规程极易引起火灾爆炸事故.统计资料表明,国内外化工企业发生的事故中,停车检修作业或运行中抢修作业发生的事故占有相当大的比例. 相似文献
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层次分析法在校园火灾危险性分析中的应用 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
采用定性与定量相结合的层次分析法对校园火灾危险性进行分析,将校园按场所功能不同划分为宿舍区、教学办公区、实验区、公共活动区(体育场,食堂,礼堂)、图书馆,然后以人口密度、财产密度、易燃易爆物、火源情况、人员素质、疏散和救援为火灾危险性评价因子,建立了校园火灾危险性分析的递阶层次结构模型,再根据Delphi专家调查法,建立各层次的判断矩阵,通过计算得出各分区的总权重值并进行排序,即各分区火灾危险性,从而有重点地进行校园火灾预防和安全管理工作. 相似文献
4.
油库火灾爆炸危险性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
狄建华 《安全.健康和环境》2002,2(8):34-35,42
对某油库火灾爆炸危险性进行了定性分析,找出了发生火灾爆炸事故的主要危险因素,并提出了相应的对策. 相似文献
5.
木材加工在生产过程中存在一定的火灾危险性,一旦发生火灾,燃烧猛烈、蔓延发展快。本文以宿州市某木材加工厂发生的火灾为例,深入剖析了木材加工厂存在的火灾危险性,并结合木材加工厂火灾发生的原因,提出了有针对性的火灾预防措施。 相似文献
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介绍了压缩天然气汽车加气站工作原理及类型,分析了加气站的火灾危险性,提出了防止火灾、爆炸事故发生的安全措施. 相似文献
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随着城市的发展,人们物质生活水平的提高,精神生活质量的要求也在相应的提高.酒吧、迪厅等娱乐场所顺应这种要求而不断增多,但随之而来的噪声问题也越来越引起人们的关注. 相似文献
10.
王皎 《防灾科技学院学报》2011,13(1):47-50
古建筑是一个国家重要的历史文化遗产,具有无法估量的艺术价值和科学价值.但是近几年来,我国发生多起古建筑火灾,造成了巨大的损失.由于古建筑结构特殊,极易发生火灾,一旦发生火灾,又很难施救.本文以我国古建筑消防现状为入点,分析古建筑的火灾特点及火灾危险性,提出扑灭古建筑火灾合理的战斗方法及战斗原则,为消防部队灭火提供参考.... 相似文献
11.
经济转型是资源型城市实现高质量发展的关键。文化娱乐业作为经济增长新引擎,在资源型城市经济转型中起着重要作用。采用黄土高原资源型城市2010—2019年面板数据,在构建综合指数测度资源型城市经济转型成效的基础上,运用空间杜宾模型实证检验文化娱乐业对经济转型的作用。结果表明:文化娱乐业对经济转型的影响呈先抑制后促进的“U”型曲线,在文化娱乐业发展初期,文化娱乐业的过度发展不利于经济转型升级,当文化娱乐业密度跨过拐点(5.104个/万人)后,经济转型成效会随着文化娱乐业的发展而提升;文化娱乐业具有显著的空间溢出效应,可以有效促进邻近城市经济转型,且邻近城市经济转型的提高会带动本市经济转型。研究结果有望为黄土高原资源型城市高质量发展提供科学依据与决策支持。 相似文献
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D. J. McRae S. G. Conard G. A. Ivanova A. I. Sukhinin S. P. Baker Y. N. Samsonov T. W. Blake V. A. Ivanov A. V. Ivanov T. V. Churkina W. M. Hao K. P. Koutzenogij Nataly Kovaleva 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(1):45-74
As part of the Russian FIRE BEAR (Fire Effects in the Boreal Eurasia Region) Project, replicated 4-ha experimental fires were
conducted on a dry Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris)/lichen (Cladonia sp.)/feathermoss (Pleurozeum schreberi) forest site in
central Siberia. Observations from the initial seven surface fires (2000-2001) ignited under a range of burning conditions
quantified the different fuel consumption and fire behavior characteristics (e.g., rate of spread, fireline intensity, etc.)
possible in this particular forest fuel type. Experimental results and dendrochronological study of local fire history both
support the dominance of local fire regimes by low to moderate-intensity surface fires. Carbon released by the experimental
fires ranged from 4.8 to 15.4 t C ha− 1 depending on fuel conditions and fire severity. Preliminary emission data show a strong correlation between carbon dioxide
(CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, which should facilitate accurate estimates of fire impacts on atmospheric chemistry.
Carbon concentration in smoke samples was related to fire severity. The short landscape-scale fire-return interval (50 years),
combined with typically low fire severity, in pine ecosystems of central Siberia is often associated with low tree mortality
and relatively rapid buildup of litter and understory fuels after a fire. 相似文献
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甲基膦酸二甲酯(Dimethyl Methylphosphonate,DMMP)是一种高效的阻燃剂,但是DMMP直接与气相火焰相互作用时,却反而具有助燃效果。研究人员还发现,低浓度的DMMP可以显著提高CO2的灭火效果,DMMP与CO2具有协同灭火效果。为提高现有灭火技术的灭火效果,利用DMMP作为添加剂,研究DMMP对典型灭火介质临界灭火浓度的影响。首先在杯式燃烧器中开展了DMMP与同轴扩散火焰的相互作用实验,获取了火焰高度、火焰宽度等火焰特征参数,分析了DMMP作用下的火焰燃烧强化现象;然后开展了DMMP对N2、Ar、He、全氟己酮4种灭火介质灭火效果的影响实验,获取了混合气体的临界灭火浓度,研究了DMMP与典型灭火介质的协同灭火效果。实验结果表明:DMMP具有助燃作用,添加DMMP后火焰高度变大;DMMP能够提高惰性气体N2、Ar、He的灭火性能,当DMMP浓度为1.9%时,可提高N2、Ar、He的灭火性能分别为50.0%、48.02%、47.17%,但DMMP提高惰性气体灭火性能没有明显的选择性;DMMP不能提高全氟己酮的灭火性能,反而会抑制其灭火性能,且随着DMMP浓度的不断增加,全氟己酮的临界灭火浓度不断增加。 相似文献
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Amber J. Soja Herman H. Shugart Anatoly Sukhinin Susan Conard Paul W. Stackhouse Jr. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(1):75-96
Under current climate change scenarios, temperatures in Siberia are expected to increase, and consequently, fire is also expected
to increase. Potential climate-induced change is difficult to assess in Siberia because ground-based fire data are not complete.
This investigation introduces a method by which potential climate-induced change can be remotely evaluated. Mean fire return
intervals are established for 58 ecosystems across Siberia using eight years of satellite-based area burned data (1995 to
2002). Mean fire return intervals should decrease under current climate change scenarios, however the results do not currently
demonstrate consistent evidence of fire-induced change. The overall boreal forest mean fire return interval is lower than
the published mean, inferring increased fire. Most notably, using satellite data to calculate mean fire return intervals in
individual ecosystems for the entire population of fire is shown to be a viable method by which potential climate-induced
land cover change can be evaluated. 相似文献
16.
兴安落叶松林火后对土壤养分和土壤微生物生物量的影响 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
以大兴安岭兴安落叶松林火后不同强度(重度、中度、轻度)及未火烧区的土壤为研究对象,于火烧结束3年后(2009年)的秋季,采用氯仿熏蒸浸提法测定了不同强度火烧后土壤的微生物生物量碳(Cmic)和微生物生物量氮(Nmic),并研究其与土壤养分因子的关系。结果表明:兴安落叶松林重度火烧区的Cmic显著高于中度、轻度和未火烧区,Nmic在不同强度火烧样地间差异不显著,但在重度火烧区出现最高值。其中重度、中度、轻度和对照的Cmic平均为692.8、499.9、428.8和498.7 mg·kg-1,而Nmic分别为70.6、55.2、50.9和54.1 mg·kg-1。土壤含水量、土壤pH值、土壤有机碳对Cmic和Nmic的影响显著,土壤微生物生物量与土壤含水量、pH值、土壤有机碳均呈正相关。研究将为进一步开展火干扰对北方森林土壤碳平衡影响机理研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
17.
蒋国民 《安全.健康和环境》2011,11(8):2-4
基于虚拟现实技术(VR)和网络协同技术,建立基于B/S架构的数字化消防应急演练平台。结合数值模拟技术,将具有确定性的火灾动力学系统产生的火灾模型和随机性的火灾发展过程进行结合,以计算机科学的技术手段,为企业提供一个三维交互的数字化平台以及应急演练的新方法。 相似文献
18.
Phil Cottle 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(1):181-201
The author uses his own data gleaned from over 10 years of commercial forestry insurance across the world to propose that
despite a low intrinsic fire risk across most of Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia, commercial fire losses are unacceptably
high, and could be reduced substantially within the current financial legal and political framework within which forestry
companies operate.
Opening with a statement about the dearth of forest fire loss data in the commercial sector, it is observed that the consequent
inability of general insurers to estimate the rate of fire loss leads to very low insurance participation in forestry within
Indonesia. A summary is then provided of the financial and environmental benefits of insurance participation in commercial
forestry were this situation to be changed.
A short discussion on risk perceptions is introduced to make the point that without reliable commercial forest fire loss data,
risk perceptions of fire exposure in Southeast Asia by the financial sector, including insurers, is a barrier to risk transfer
and investment. While real fire risk and perceived fire risk for Indonesia seem at present to be in agreement, the paper challenges
that this should the case.
Comparisons are made with different parts of the world with the knowledge that, in commercial terms, plantations in the low
latitudes behave similarly everywhere in terms of fire causes, fire propagation factors, and characteristics of plantation
or managed mixed forest fires. A review of the fire sizes within commercial forests is a good indicator of the efficiency
of fire management strategies, and profiles from a high fire risk territory and Indonesia are compared.
Using commercial and unidentified data the author then demonstrates that commercial growers in Indonesia have a high annual
rate of forest fire loss and may also have a significant catastrophe fire exposure. This ‘cat’ exposure is far greater than
for equivalent plantations in clearly higher fire risk environments. These conclusions are and should be discussed with forestry
companies to change attitude and investment levels.
Practical points for improved plantation fire management are made along with comments about the resources required. A parallel
discussion then reviews fire risk assessment and management by the insurers to prevent their own ‘forest fire’ losses if they
are to get further involved with the provision of Indonesian commercial forest risk transfer. The explanation of how insurers
price risk within a portfolio helps identify the specific data needed for a proper risk management strategy to be developed. 相似文献
19.
E. A. Loupian A. A. Mazurov E. V. Flitman D. V. Ershov G. N. Korovin V. P. Novik N. A. Abushenko D. A. Altyntsev V. V. Koshelev S. A. Tashchilin A. V. Tatarnikov I. Csiszar A. I. Sukhinin E. I. Ponomarev S. V. Afonin V. V. Belov G. G. Matvienko T. Loboda 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(1):113-145