脱硫石膏农业利用研究进展与展望

概述火电厂脱硫石膏定义、生产过程和性质。简述了脱离石膏的工业利用，详述了脱离石膏对酸性和碱性土壤改良的现状和机理，并展望了脱硫石膏促进滩涂土植被演替的前景。     

脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤种植枸杞的效果研究

利用燃煤电厂脱硫石膏改良盐碱地对于废弃物资源化利用和发展循环经济具有重要意义。选择具有典型代表性的宁夏西大滩碱化土壤,采用两因素随机区组田间实验设计,进行脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤种植枸杞的效果实验研究。研究表明脱硫石膏施用量和施用深度不同,对于降低土壤碱化度、总碱度和pH值,改良土壤碱性的效果不同;脱硫石膏施用量不同,对于促进枸杞枝条和径杆的生长不同。施用量24 000 kg/hm2较48 000 kg/hm2提高枸杞枝条生长量10.5%～18.7%、径杆生长量10.5%～18.7%;脱硫石膏施用量24 000 kg/hm2,施用深度60 cm更有利于提高枸杞红果体积、红果鲜重和产量。脱硫石膏施用量24 000 kg/hm2,施用深度60 cm较未施脱硫石膏提高枸杞红果体积、红果鲜重和产量分别为28.3%、15.0%和37.9%。     

某脱硫添加剂在600MW机组湿法烟气脱硫系统中的应用研究

国内对于脱硫添加剂在石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统中应用研究大多停留在实验室及小型脱硫系统中,对大型火电机组石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统中的应用研究还不够深入.详细论述了某脱硫添加剂在600 MW机组上的应用情况,研究该脱硫添加剂加入后对脱硫系统效率的提升作用及对脱硫石膏和脱硫废水的影响,为大型火电机组石灰石-石膏湿法烟...     

石灰-石膏法旋流板塔脱硫技术及其应用

石灰-石膏法旋流板塔烟气脱硫技术将石灰-石膏法脱硫工艺与高效传质的旋流板塔设备相结合,具有运行可靠性高、脱硫效率高、一次性投资低、运行费用低的优点.该技术已成功应用于江苏某企业3台170 t/h煤粉炉烟气脱硫除尘,其运行效果均达到或超过设计值,并通过环保验收,为企业带来了可观的经济效益和环境效益.     

利用渣水系统处理脱硫废水的工程案例

为研究渣水系统低成本处理燃煤电厂脱硫废水的技术可行性与经济可行性,系统地研究了脱硫废水引人渣水系统后,捞渣机上清液、脱硫工艺水(复用水)的水质变化情况,以及对设备腐蚀、炉渣和石膏再利用的影响,并进行了经济性分析.结果表明,脱硫废水引入渣水系统后,复用水水质指标符合厂区回用水标准,且对炉渣和石膏的再利用没有明显影响,投资...     

脱硫石膏粒径分布与脱水性能实验研究

脱硫石膏粒径分布是影响脱硫石膏浆液脱水性能的重要因素之一，以干法、湿法筛分和研磨破碎获得不同粒径分布的脱硫石膏，在相同的过滤条件下，对不同粒径分布脱硫石膏浆液脱水性能进行了研究，实验结果表明，当脱硫石膏粒径d50大于50μm且（d90-d10）小于100μm，真空过滤最大真空度不低于0．098MPa，过滤时间不少于2．5min，滤饼厚度不超过20mm时，石膏滤饼含水率可以降低到12％以下（最低可达10％）；d50在17μm为脱硫石膏在相同的过滤条件下能够实现真空脱水干燥的转折点；d50和（d90-d10）共同影响石膏脱水性能，d50小于20μm时，仅表现为d50的影响。     

浙江浙能节能科技有限公司

正STI系列石灰石粉活性激发剂适用于石灰石-石膏法脱硫系统石灰石-石膏法脱硫工艺是世界上应用最广泛的一种脱硫技术。为克服现有石灰石-石膏法脱硫工艺的不足,实现脱硫系统可经济、高效地进行调节,浙江浙能节能科技有限公司开发了STI系列石灰石粉活性激发剂(专利申请号:201010295283.9)。经科技成果省级鉴定,达到国际先进水平。产品特性·可停运一台或二台浆液循环泵,减少液气比,降低脱硫系统电耗和阻力。     

白泥脱硫性能和副产品石膏脱水特性分析

造纸白泥作为造纸业的副产品已在部分电厂脱硫中得到应用,但仍然存在一些技术问题。采用XRD、EDS、SEM等表征手段研究造纸白泥的理化特性,分析了白泥脱硫副产品石膏难以脱水的原因。由于白泥中残留氢氧化钠产生的高pH值以及其中MgO等所起到的脱硫助催化作用,使得白泥的脱硫活性高于常规脱硫吸收剂石灰石;白泥浆液pH值较高,有利于提高脱硫效率,但不利于脱硫浆液中亚硫酸盐的氧化,石膏产物中CaSO_3·1/2H_20含量偏高,导致石膏品质下降。研究结果对分析白泥脱硫石膏脱水困难原因,以及找出有效的解决措施有较大的参考价值。     

石灰石／石膏湿法烟气脱硫的水平衡问题探讨

通过对石灰石/石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统的水平衡原理分析,讨论了脱硫系统中的水平衡问题,并针对该脱硫系统如何在低负荷下维持水平衡以保证稳定运行的问题,结合工程实际提出了一些措施.     

湿法烟气脱硫反应过程的实验研究

在石灰石/石膏湿法烟气脱硫中试台上,系统开展了浆液pH值、飞灰浓度、液气比、入口SO2浓度、烟气速度和氧化方式等对脱硫反应过程影响的实验研究。实验表明,脱硫效率随着石膏浆液pH值、液气比的升高而增加,且入口SO2浓度越高,液气比越低,影响效应越明显;脱硫效率随着烟气速度、烟气温度和入口SO2浓度的增加而下降;石膏浆液中飞灰含量对系统脱硫效率具有一定的促进作用:pH值>5.6,飞灰浸出液中Fe3+含量相对较低,Fe3+对脱硫反应过渡态催化氧化影响程度较轻,不同工况脱硫效率差别不大。pH值<5.6,飞灰浸出液中Fe3+含量随pH值降低而增大,增效效果逐渐显著;氧化方式对脱硫反应过程有明显的影响,强制氧化工艺的脱硫效率比自然氧化的高5%左右。     

Mercury emission and plant uptake of trace elements during early stage of soil amendment using flue gas desulfurization materials

A pilot-scale field study was carried out to investigate the distribution of Hg and other selected elements (i.e., As, B, and Se), i.e., emission to ambient air, uptake by surface vegetation, and/or rainfall infiltration, after flue gas desulfurization (FGD) material is applied to soil. Three FGD materials collected from two power plants were used. Our results show Hg released into the air and uptake in grass from all FGD material-treated soils were all higher (P < 0.1) than the amounts observed from untreated soil. Hg in the soil amended with the FGD material collected from a natural oxidation wet scrubber (i.e., SNO) was more readily released to air compared to the other two FGD materials collected from the synthetic gypsum dewatering vacuum belt (i.e., AFO-gypsum) and the waste water treatment plant (i.e., AFO-CPS) of a forced oxidation FGD system. No Hg was detected in the leachates collected during the only 3-hour, 1-inch rainfall event that occurred throughout the 4-week testing period. For every kilogram of FGD material applied to soil, AFO-CPS released the highest amount of Hg, B, and Se, followed by SNO, and AFO gypsum. Based on the same energy production rate, the land application of SNO FGD material from Plant S released higher amounts of Hg and B into ambient air and/or grass than the amounts released when AFO-gypsum from Plant A was used. Using FGD material with lower concentration levels of Hg and other elements of concern does not necessary post a lower environmental risk. In addition, this study demonstrates that considering only the amounts of trace elements uptake in surface vegetation may under estimate the overall release of the trace elements from FGD material-amended soils. It also shows, under the same soil amendment conditions, the mobility of trace elements varies when FGD materials produced from different processes are used.     

Metolachlor and chlorothalonil dissipation in gypsum-amended soil

This work focused on the interactive effects of the fungicide chlorothalonil (2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-1,3-benzendicarbonitrile) and gypsum on the persistence of the soil-residual herbicide metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(6-ethyl-o-tolyl)-N-[(1RS)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]acetamide). Gypsum application was included due to its widespread use on peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Both agricultural grade gypsum and reagent CaSO₄-2H₂O were tested. A laboratory soil incubation was conducted to evaluate interactive effects. Results indicated 1.5X greater metolachlor half-life (DT₅₀) in soil amended with chlorothalonil (37 d) as compared to control soil (25 d). The two gypsum sources alone increased metolachlor DT₅₀ to about 32 d and with the combination of chlorothalonil and gypsum, DT50 was 50 d, 2-fold greater than the control. Chlorothalonil dissipation was rapid (DT₅₀ < 4d). A possible explanation for metolachlor dissipation kinetics is a build-up of the chlorothalonil intermediate (4-hydroxychlorothalonil) which limited soil microbial activity and depleted glutathione S-transferase (GST) from chlorothalonil detoxification. Further information related to gypsum impacts is needed. Results confirm previous reports of chlorothalonil impeding metolachlor dissipation and showed the gypsum application extended persistence even longer. Farming practices, such as reducing metolachlor application rates, may need to be adjusted for peanut cropping systems where chlorothalonil and gypsum are used.     

ORP as slurry oxidation index and model modification in wet desulfurization system

ABSTRACT

Due to wet desulfurization system lacks effective control indicators for the oxidation process, so the sulfite oxidation in the slurry and the quality of gypsum become unstable. In this paper actual desulfurization system operation data are used to improve the ORP semi-empirical formula obtained in the laboratory. It was concluded that the ORP was mainly affected by the concentration of sulfite and pH during the operation of the actual desulfurization system, the dissolved oxygen was less affected by the small concentration change during operation. It is verified that the model can correct the ORP measurement value by using other conventional measurement data from the power plant. The results can provide theoretical support for adding ORP as a control index to optimize the oxidation process.     

土壤治理中的胶态气泡悬浮液清洗技术

对国外胶态微气泡悬浮液 (CGAs)清洗土壤技术的研究进展进行简述。介绍了CGAs清洗土壤的原理、制备方法及研究应用状况。     

原位化学氧化法在土壤和地下水修复中的研究进展

综述了原位化学氧化法修复污染土壤及地下水的最新进展 ,着重介绍了几种氧化剂 ,如二氧化氯、双氧水及Fenton试剂、高锰酸钾和臭氧在土壤修复中的应用、不足及改进 ,并对化学氧化修复技术的发展前景进行了展望     

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术与其他技术联用的进展与前景

随着工业和经济的发展,土壤重金属污染越来越严重,因此重金属污染土壤的修复迫在眉睫.植物修复技术因其经济、环保等优点已经成为国内外研究的热点,但存在修复植物稀少的问题.将其他技术与植物修复技术联用可能是突破植物修复这一局限性的关键举措之一.介绍了基因工程技术与植物修复技术联用的研究进展;总结了微生物技术与植物修复技术联用...     

污染土壤修复效果评定方法的研究

在实施污染土壤修复的环境工程后，需要通过灵敏和有效的评定方法对污染土壤修复的效果进行评定。然而，单纯依靠化学方法进行污染土壤修复效果的评定，不能揭示土壤的整体质量特征，因此需要生态毒理方法作为相互补充的手段。本文概述了植物毒性评定法、陆生无脊椎动物评定法和土壤微生物评定法及其在污染土壤修复效果评定中的应用，并对污染土壤修复效果评定方法的发展前景进行展望。