军用鞋靴足底压力的舒适性测试分析

基于先进的足底压力分布测试系统。本文分析了6种军用鞋靴样品在穿着中速行走时的受力舒适性。首次提出并应用了极大应力值、持续时间及位置、应力分散程度、压力中心移动曲线等有效参量数据，对鞋靴的适体性、弯曲刚度、减震性能、崴磨脚与否等舒适性指标进行客观定量的评价。实践证明，其手段、方法和结论可为我军军用鞋靴的设计、选材及定型提供重要参考意见。     

穿鞋与健康

穿鞋与健康临床研究发现，穿鞋不合适除可引起槌状趾、扁平足、胼胝、鸡眼、嵌甲、甲沟炎、趾外翻畸形等脚病外，也会影响脚部相应发射区，造成相应器官的疾病，在欧美发达国家，鞋式的研究和改进，更多地从健康角度出发，甚至已把鞋置于与药物同等重要的地位。脚与鞋生理...     

电绝缘鞋新旧标准解读——《电绝缘鞋通用技术条件》与《足部防护 电绝缘鞋》对比解析

<正>1前言电绝缘鞋作为个体防护装备中足部防护部分的重要产品单元,其执行标准GB12011-2000《电绝缘鞋通用技术条件》已由GB12011-2009《足部防护电绝缘鞋》替代,这是继《足部防护安全鞋》、《足部防护防护鞋》、《足部防护职业鞋》替代《保护足趾安全鞋》、《防刺穿鞋》、《耐油鞋》之后,新修订的个体防护装备鞋类标准。     

安全防护鞋的发展趋势

安全防护鞋是带有防护功能的特殊鞋，它可以保护劳动者在生产过程中免受各种危险因素伤害，主要防护可能发生的足部（足面、足趾、足底）伤害和其他伤害。安全防护鞋按功能可分为：保护足趾安全鞋、防刺穿鞋、防静电鞋、导电鞋、电绝缘鞋、耐油防护鞋、耐热鞋等。中国纺织品商业协会安全健康防护用品委员会（以下简称“中纺安健”）通过对全国50家安全防护鞋生产企业和28个省、市、区的401家防护用品经销商及用户的抽样调查，     

防刺穿鞋（靴）的选购

在工业生产中,足部可能受到各种危险因素的伤害,选择合适的足部防护鞋（靴）至关重要。在机械、冶金、建筑等行业的生产或施工过程中,常有铁钉、锐利的物品散落在地面上,这样会刺伤足部,所以防刺穿鞋在以上行业是足部防护的必备用品。按照产品执行国家标准GB21147—2007《个体防护装备防护鞋》的规定,防剌穿鞋穿透鞋底所需的力不应小于1100kN。     

压力缓冲技术研究

高压问题在工业企业中是常见问题,它非常重要,因为它极大的影响到相关人员的安全问题。压力缓冲技术是关于压力变化规律的科学,它能够指导我们处理高压工作和出现的相关问题。压力缓冲技术在工业企业中具有举足轻重的作用。本文以常见的压力缓冲方法为对象,从数学的角度深入分析了压力缓冲的实现原理,从本质上对压力缓冲技术进行了研究。对于压力缓冲设备的设计、选择和操作等各个环节都有一定的指导意义。本文还针对生产实际提出了一些建议,能够在压力缓冲和相关问题处理中有所帮助。     

冬季安全出行应注意哪些事项？

“三九”是天气最寒冷、地面积蓄热量最少的日子，所以有“冷在三九”的说法。在这段最冷的日子里，容易造成道路结冰现象，人们出行时要特别注意安全。 穿鞋：尽量穿软底、平底或胶底棉皮鞋，最好不穿硬底或容易打滑的鞋，冬天的鞋掌最好不要钉铁掌。     

基于AutoCAD二次开发的压力管道单线图测绘系统研究

目前压力管道单线图的绘制方法劳动强大并且效率低,本文根据压力管道单线图的绘制需求,基于Auto—CAD二次开发技术研发单线图测绘系统。首先对单线图测绘系统的原理进行分析,并对获取数据和单线图的组成及其在AutoCAD中的实现方式进行研究,最后在visual studio 2010上使用C#语言对绘图系统进行了开发。试用结果表明该系统能够通过获取管道的数据并在CAD中绘制出压力管道单线图,大大提高了压力管道数据的测量效率和单线图的绘图效率。     

如何选择锅炉压力表的表盘刻度？

答：压力表是一种测量压力大小的仪表,安装在锅炉上可以用来测量锅炉内的压力值。压力表指针的变化,可以反映锅炉燃烧及负荷的变化。司炉人员可根据锅炉压力表的指示数值来调节燃烧,使之适应外界负荷的变化,将锅炉的压力控制在允许的范围内,从而达到安全运行的目的,     

矿用湿式引射除尘器的应用研究

针对目前煤矿井下钻孔工作面粉尘浓度高和降尘效率低的现状,提出了湿式引射除尘技术,分析其基本原理和性能特点。分别进行了钻孔风力排渣气体流量测量试验和湿式引射降尘试验。前者得出了压气压力和钻孔深度的变化关系式以及钻孔过程中所需处理的含尘气体量。降尘试验表明,湿式引射除尘技术对全尘和呼吸性粉尘都有很好的降尘效果。     

Traction performance across the life of slip-resistant footwear: Preliminary results from a longitudinal study

Introduction: Slips, trips, and falls are a major cause of injury in the workplace. Footwear is an important factor in preventing slips. Furthermore, traction performance (friction and under-shoe fluid drainage) are believed to change throughout the life of footwear. However, a paucity of data is available for how traction performance changes for naturally worn, slip-resistant footwear. Method: The presented research is a preliminary analysis from an ongoing, larger study. Participants wore slip-resistant footwear while their distance walked was monitored. Friction and under-shoe fluid pressures were measured using a robotic slip tester under a diluted glycerol contaminant condition after each month of wear for the left and right shoes. The size of the worn region was also measured. Results: Friction initially increased and then steadily decreased as the distance walked and the size of the worn region increased. Fluid pressures increased as the shoes were worn and were associated with increased walking distance and size of the worn region. Discussion: Consistent with previous research, increases in the size of the worn region are associated with increased under-shoe fluid pressures and decreased traction. These trends are presumably due to reduced fluid drainage between the shoe-floor interface when the shoe becomes worn. Conclusions: Traction performance changes with natural wear. The distance walked in the shoe and the size of the worn region may be valuable indicators for assessing loss of traction performance. Practical Applications: Current shoe replacement recommendations for slip-resistant shoes are based upon age and tread depth. This study suggests that tools measuring the size of the worn region and/or distance traveled in the shoes are appropriate alternatives for tracking traction performance loss due to shoe wear.     

微孔发泡聚氨酯底系列安全鞋的研制

聚氨酯是由异氰酸酯与多元醇反应制成的一种具有氨基甲酸酯链段重复结构单元的聚合物。聚氨酯鞋底与普通橡胶鞋底相比,它具有质量轻、耐磨性能好等特点。新研制的聚氨酯鞋底以聚氨酯树脂为主要原料,采用微孔发泡技术,解决了目前国内普通聚氨酯鞋底容易脱胶、断底等问题。通过增加各种添加剂,使聚氨酯鞋底在耐磨、耐油性、电绝缘、防静电和耐酸碱性能方面有了很大的提高。笔者研究采用了新的加工工艺、成型工艺和外观设计,鞋的各项安全性能更稳定,且穿着美观舒适、经久耐用,达到国内领先水平。     

Coefficient of friction,walking speed and cadence on slippery and dry surfaces: shoes with different groove depths

Objective. The present study aimed to determine the coefficient of friction (COF), walking speed (WS) and cadence while walking on slippery and dry surfaces using shoes with different sole groove depths to predict likelihood of fall. Background. Design of shoe sole groove is crucial to prevent slipping during walking. Methods. 22 healthy young men (mean age 24.5, body mass index 22.5) volunteered for this semi-experimental study. Six different conditions of the test (combination of three shoes and two surfaces) were defined and the condition was repeated three times. In total, 396 trials (22 subjects?×?3 groove depths?×?2 surfaces?×?3 times) were obtained for data analysis. COF was recorded by force platform at 1000?Hz and walking parameters recorded using 3D motion analysis with six infrared cameras at 200?Hz. Results. The highest COF was obtained from the deepest groove depth (5.0?mm) on both dry and slippery surfaces. The COF on slippery surfaces was significantly lower in comparison with dry surfaces. WS and cadence were not significantly different on dry and slippery surfaces. Conclusion. The deeper groove is better to prevent slipping because the COF increases by increasing the shoe sole groove depth. WS did not change on dry and slippery surfaces.     

基于激波管的油气爆炸实验和数据分析

通过对封闭激波管的油气爆炸实验,发现了爆炸时存在"呼吸"现象和震荡现象。通过对爆炸时的压力时间序列分析,除了得到了不同位置压力数量变化特征外,还得到了"呼吸"现象与油气的CH浓度和生成的二氧化碳浓度有关;在不同的CH浓度下,存在三种典型的压力变化曲线;震荡现象与CH浓度有关,没有固定的震荡周期,而且在不同压力变化阶段存在不同的震荡情况等结论。     

随钻压力波在用于早期气侵检测时的扰动传播特性研究*

为了研究随钻测量装置（Measurement While Drilling,MWD）压力波信号在用于早期气侵检测时的扰动传播特性,基于油气井多相流流动理论,建立随钻压力波在环空气液两相流中的扰动传播模型,对多参数影响下的压力波传播与衰减特性进行模拟,并对压力波检测技术的现场应用效果进行分析。结果表明:含气率、角频率、系统压力、虚拟质量力、拖曳力和壁面剪切力的变化都会对压力波在环空气液两相流中的传播与衰减特性造成不同程度的影响;相比于常规的全烃量检测技术,压力波检测技术可以更早地检测到气侵的发生,可进一步提高油气井建井的安全性。     

聚氨酯-水泥带压注水封孔测压技术研究

基于传统上向钻孔测压技术的分析,提出一种新型上向孔测压技术—聚氨酯—水泥带压注水封孔测压技术。该技术利用气体渗透性大于液体的弱点,变传统封堵漏气通道为封堵液体泄漏通道,降低封堵漏气难易程度,提高测压成功率;同时利用水作为动力介质和辅助封孔材料,实现主动测压和钻孔带压注浆,隔绝钻孔瓦斯与外界环境的直接接触,提高系统本身测压的可靠性。通过理论分析及与常用测压技术对比表明,该技术用于煤层瓦斯压力测定是完全可行的。     

南京理工大学高压实验室及其研制高压水射流切割机

南京理工大学高压实验室自８０年代初建立以来，在高压容器及武器发射管的自紧理论和工程应用、高压零部件研制、高压传感器和信号放大显示系统、高压介质等方面做了大量的工作。９３年以来，进行了水射流切割机的研制工作，解决了超高压缸体的动态密封、高压缸体的自增强、无触点式换向传感器、内衬不锈钢组合型高压容器等诸多问题，试制成功了水射流切割机样机。     

Effects of load carriage and work boots on lower limb kinematics of industrial workers

Load and footwear condition are two crucial elements varying the kinematic responses during walking, which probably lead to chronic injury. Fifteen healthy male individuals with no obvious gait abnormalities participated in this study. Apart from a no-load condition, four external load conditions with two load levels were investigated. Work boots were compared with running shoes to determine footwear effects. Significant impacts were found for lower limb range of motion at certain joints when carrying loads. A greater hip and ankle flexion–extension while wearing the work boots indicated that participants needed to lift the leg higher to complete toe clearance off the walking surface. Work boots also increased the vertical excursion of the center of body mass, which may impact body balance and induce falling. No significant influencing pattern of carrying modes was found, which was probably due to the light load and relatively stable mode of shoulder carrying.     

浅埋煤层长壁工作面矿压显现规律现场监测研究

浅埋条件下的煤层开采,受上覆岩层移动影响而呈现与深埋煤层明显不同的特征.本文以神府矿区某矿1301工作面矿压观测为工程背景依托,应用“三量法”对工作面矿压显现规律进行研究,以工作面三个测区支架荷载和活柱下缩量为重点分析.研究表明:该工作面来压动载系数为1.5 -1.6,来压期间支架压力比平时大1- 13MPa;初次来压持续时间长,初次来压步距在55.9-56.3m,三个测区的周期来压步距为14.6 - 17.6m;且三个测区观测表明:中测区由于受工作面两侧煤壁影响较小,矿压显现程度同上下测区比较明显.