基于TRIZ理论的企业安全培训策略

安全培训是企业员工增加安全知识、熟悉生产规章制度和操作规程、提高岗位安全操作技能的有效途径。为了提高企业安全培训效果,应用TRIZ理论及工具对企业的安全培训系统进行了分析,找到了企业安全培训效果不佳的主要原因,并提出了以员工为中心的全过程安全培训策略。     

企业员工个体安全行为的人类动力学实证研究

对员工不安全行为的定量分析是理解安全生产事故复杂系统的基础.班组或群体的集体行为往往表现为复杂有序,具有一定的稳定性和适应性;而个体行为尽管有企业制度和纪律的约束,却仍有很大的随机性.为了探究企业员工不安全行为的动力学规律,跟踪观察某大型企业作业员工930 d,将员工相继不安全行为的发生看作排队理论中具有特定时间序列的随机过程.结果表明,就员工个体而言,其不安全行为的间隔时间分布可以用幂律函数近似描述,且幂指数和员工的活跃程度正相关;并进一步分析出企业员工相继不安全行为具有以艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线为特点的“阵发”性;从幂指数角度分析了员工日常作业中的不安全行为的优劣特点,比较了人类活动中的各种随机行为与员工在企业生产中的不安全行为在时间统计上的特性.这表明企业制定安全管理制度及实施安全培训工作都应从人类普遍问题和员工个体特点两方面入手.     

冶金企业员工个体潜在安全行为能力评估研究

为全面了解员工的个体安全能力水平,以深入探索提高员工个体安全能力的途径和方式,对冶金企业的员工和现场进行调查,将冶金企业员工潜在安全行为能力的评估指标进行筛选,选定了其中影响力较大的安全管理制度和员工安全素质,使用Mamdani模糊推理评价法对员工个体潜在安全行为能力进行评估。结果显示安全管理制度的不断加强会使员工的潜在安全能力增加,但达到一定程度后保持稳定,安全管理制度的过度加强反而会降低个体潜在安全能力;员工安全素质的提升使得个体潜在安全能力提高,进一步提高后保持稳定,随后处于下降趋势。通过Mamdani法在某冶金企业的实例分析,说明只有当安全管理制度和员工安全素质和谐发展时,才能得到员工个体潜在安全行为能力的最大提升。     

职业安全培训与教育存在问题及控制对策研究

安全培训是企业安全生产的一项重要的基础性工作,为提高员工安全生产技能、强化安全防范意识、切实提高安全培训效果,围绕企业中的安全培训问题,以对安全培训现状的概述为基础,通过对新员工,接触新设备、新工艺、新技术的员工,从事特种作业的员工等3类特殊群体的安全培训问题深入分析,最后提出意见对策。     

浅谈安全工作的“十无”和“十有”

安全教育是提升全体员工安全意识和安全素养的有效途径。为提高企业安全教育质量,企业应不定期对员工进行安全教育和安全培训。     

浅谈安全工作的“十无”和“十有”

安全教育是提升全体员工安全意识和安全素养的有效途径。为提高企业安全教育质量,企业应不定期对员工进行安全教育和安全培训。     

物流企业员工安全参与行为演化路径研究

为确定影响物流企业员工安全参与行为的因素与演化路径,推动对物流企业员工的安全监管,在员工和物流企业具有有限理性的前提下,从物流企业与员工之间的博弈机理出发,构建了员工安全参与行为的演化博弈模型。采用系统动力学方法分析模型的演化趋势,通过数值仿真分析物流企业员工安全参与行为及演化路径。结果表明,奖励力度、惩罚力度等参数影响着员工策略的变化,物流企业可加大对员工不积极参与安全行为的处罚力度,并适当提高奖励力度,从而提高员工的参与安全活动的积极性;物流企业还应建立奖励与惩戒相结合的管理制度,同时通过技术创新降低监督成本,实现对员工安全的有效监管。     

提高员工安全教育培训效果的实例

本文结合某企业(以下简称"A公司")安全教育培训的实践经验,对如何提高企业员工安全教育培训的效果、如何通过教育培训提高企业员工安全知识、创建企业安全文化氛围进行了全面分析。     

安全培训的方法与效果

安全培训是企业安全教育的重点,也是提高企业员工安全素质和安全责任感的最佳途径.     

班组级安全培训模式初探

正根据《中华人民共和国安全生产法》和《生产经营单位安全培训规定》,生产经营单位应对从业人员进行安全生产教育和培训,加工、制造业等生产单位还需对从业人员进行岗前的厂/车间/班组三级安全培训教育,且岗前培训时间不得少于24学时。这从国家层面上对企业的三级安全培训做出了明确的规定,对提高员工的安全意识和技能、提升企业的安全文化水平发挥了积极作用。以多年的企业一线安全管理经验来看,在实际操作过程中,第一(厂)级和第二(车间)级的安全培训由于是统一培训,相应的培训教材也较完善,实施起来比较方便;但最关键的第三(班组)     

The application of the psychological contract to workplace safety

INTRODUCTION: Psychological contracts of safety are conceptualized as the beliefs of individuals about reciprocal safety obligations inferred from implicit or explicit promises. Although the literature on psychological contracts is growing, the existence of psychological contracts in relation to safety has not been established. The research sought to identify psychological contracts in the conversations of employees about safety, by demonstrating reciprocity in relation to employer and employee safety obligations. The identified safety obligations were used to develop a measure of psychological contracts of safety. METHOD: The participants were 131 employees attending safety training sessions in retail and manufacturing organizations. Non-participant observation was used to collect the data during safety training sessions. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Categories for coding were established through identification of language markers that demonstrated contingencies or other implied obligations. RESULTS: Direct evidence of reciprocity between employer safety obligations and employee safety obligations was found in statements from the participants demonstrating psychological contracts. A comprehensive list of perceived employer and employee safety obligations was compiled and developed into a measure of psychological contracts of safety. A small sample of 33 safety personnel was used to validate the safety obligations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Implications of these findings for safety and psychological contract research are discussed.     

Safety climate at agricultural cooperatives

Introduction: This study identifies determinants of safety climate at agricultural cooperatives. Methods: An extensive survey was designed to build upon past research done in collaboration with DuPont (Risch et al., 2014). In 2014 and 2015, the survey was administered to 1930 employees at 14 different agricultural cooperatives with 154 locations. Injury incidence data were also collected from each location to better understand the overall health and safety environment in this sector. An ordered probit model is used to identify variables that are associated with better safety climates. Results: Safety system components such as discipline programs, inspection programs, modified duty programs, off-the-job safety training programs, and recognition programs are positively related to individual safety climate for both managerial employees and nonmanagerial employees. Variables representing an employee’s agricultural background, distance between their workplace and childhood home, and formal education are not associated with managerial safety climate. However, agricultural background and childhood home distance are associated with nonmanagerial safety climate. Conclusions: Improving occupational health and safety is a priority for many agricultural cooperatives. Lower safety climate emerges as nonmanagerial employees have more experience with production agriculture and work nearer to their home community. Practical applications: Employees of agricultural cooperatives face a host of health and safety challenges that are likely to persist into the future. The safety system components associated with safety climate indicate that continuous feedback is important for improving occupational health and safety. Occupational health and safety programming should also acknowledge that many employees have experiences that influence their attitudes and behaviors.     

浅谈加强日常安全管理水平和思维体系

安全管理工作是一项精益求精的工作,是一项不断追求完美及零缺陷的工作,在日常安全管理工作中,应时刻强化安全绝对优先的思维,因为安全工作与每名员工的切身利益直接相关。安全工作必须以人为本,一切从员工的安全利益出发,并依靠员工安全素养的提升来保障安全。     

从尊重生命谈企业安全教育培训

某种程度上,工作场所承担一定的风险是不可避免的,如果危害不能被替代或消除,就要采取措施使员工的接触风险降到最小,如制定安全操作规程、训练员工安全作业、提供健康安全教育。国际劳工组织的体面劳动议程中阐述,体面的工作必须是安全的工作。让企业员工安全地工作,必须做到意识在先、教育在先。由此,笔者提出搞好安全培训,提升企业员工的安全理念,应顺应时代的发展,弘扬尊重生命的理念、引入新的培训模式。首先要从尊重生命的角度,将人文关怀引入到培训中,引导员工理解生命的意义,从而提高安全教育的效果。另外探索适合成年人的培训模式,实现以行动为中心的学习方式。当员工愿意思考培训中的一些问题并做出积极的反应时,我们则有理由相信,培训已经对他们产生了影响。     

食品生产企业员工安全行为影响因素研究

为研究食品生产企业员工安全行为的影响因素,本文基于安全领导力、安全氛围、个体认知等方面对员工安全行为的重要影响作用,研究上述各维度对安全行为的影响,结果表明:可感知的安全领导力、良好的安全氛围及对安全的个体认知情况,均会促进员工主动安全行为的产生,且安全领导力对安全行为的影响作用最大,其次是个体认知,再次是安全氛围;安全氛围会抑制员工安全道德行为的产生,个体认知会抑制员工自律守纪行为的产生。     

行为安全管理在施工中的应用分析

不良的行为习惯是导致事故的主要原因。为加强员工行为管理,提高安全行为意识,减少危险行为,本文简要介绍了建筑施工安全的管理现状,说明了行为安全管理的应用程序和方法,并将以人为中心的行为安全管理模式引入建筑施工企业,对行为安全管理提高安全的有效性进行了研究。通过在工程现场就危险因素进行为期4周的行为观察,分析发现,行为安全管理方法的实施对纠正不安全行为、提高安全管理水平效果明显,它有助于预防事故。同时,要保持较高的安全水平,应延长行为观察周期。行为安全管理是传统安全管理的补充,它的有效实施还需要员工直接参与行为观察、管理者支持以及相互的信任。     

Critical Success Factors for Behavior-Based Safety: A Study of Twenty Industry-wide Applications

One-on-one interviews and focus-group meetings were held at 20 organizations that had implemented a behavior-based safety (BBS) process in order to find reasons for program success/failures. A total of 31 focus groups gave 629 answers to six different questions. A content analysis of these responses uncovered critical information for understanding what employees are looking for in a BBS program. A perception survey administered to individual employees (n = 701) at these organizations measured a variety of variables identified in prior research to influence success in safety efforts. The survey data showed five variables to be significantly predictive of employee involvement in a BBS process: 1) perceptions that BBS training was effective; 2) trust in management abilities; 3) accountability for BBS through performance appraisals; 4) whether or not one had received education in BBS; and 5) tenure with the organization. Also, employees in organizations mandating employee participation in a BBS process (n=8 companies) reported significantly higher levels of: (a) involvement; (b) trust in management; (c) trust in coworkers; and (d) satisfaction with BBS training than did employees whose process was completely voluntary (n = 12 companies). In addition, employees in mandatory processes reported significantly greater frequency of giving and receiving positive behavior-based feedback.     

3D仿真游戏在煤矿安全生产培训管理系统中的应用

煤矿从业人员的安全素质与意识是决定煤矿安全生产的重要因素,教育和培训是提高煤矿从业人员素质与意识的有效手段,对煤矿安全生产具有非常重要的意义.川煤达竹公司运用现代信息技术手段,从系统理论出发,将煤矿生产过程作为一个完整的系统,从人、机、环境、管理四个系统要素着手,将3D仿真游戏应用于情景模拟培训,把从业人员培训分为情景式培训、互动式培训、视频式培训、手机短信培训和事故案例学习.提出人、机、环境系统协调的煤矿现代安全生产培训管理系统,有效提升了员工素质,实现了煤矿安全生产.     

The determinants of employee participation in occupational health and safety management

This article focuses on employee direct participation in occupational health and safety (OHS) management. The article explains what determines employee opportunities to participate in OHS management. The explanatory framework focuses on safety culture and safety management at workplaces. The framework is empirically tested using Estonian cross-sectional, multilevel data of organizations and their employees. The analysis indicates that differences in employee participation in OHS management in the Estonian case could be explained by differences in OHS management practices rather than differences in safety culture. This indicates that throughout the institutional change and shift to the European model of employment relations system, change in management practices has preceded changes in safety culture which according to theoretical argument is supposed to follow culture change.