湖南新化县文化旅游资源开发探索

在分析“蚩尤故里”湖南新化县丰富的山水文化、历史文化、名人文化、洞穴文化、民俗文化等旅游资源特色和开发利用条件的基础上,提出在其开发旅游资源的一些构想及科学规划的建议.参3.     

湖南涟源人文旅游资源开发探索

在分析湖南涟源丰富的历史文化、名人文化、民俗文化等人文旅游资源概况和开发现状的基础上,提出了关于开发湖南涟源人文旅游资源的一些建议．参5．     

森林自然保护地生态旅游资源研究进展

旅游资源的评价、保护与开发模式研究是生态旅游研究领域的重要内容,而森林自然保护地是一类重要的生态旅游区.根据我国自然保护地的实际情况,参考国外自然保护地的定义与分类方式,可认为我国的森林自然保护地主要应主要包括森林生态系统类型自然保护区、森林公园及公益林场三种类型;森林自然保护地的生态旅游资源评价研究主要集中在两方面:一是单纯地从经济学角度对旅游资源游憩价值进行货币化评价与核算,二是从保护生物学和生态学角度对资源的可开发性进行评价,其侧重在于找到保护与开发的的科学平衡点;在森林自然保护地旅游资源的开发模式研究上,必须正确处理开发与保护的关系,把保护放在第一位,坚持"三大效益"兼顾的原则,才能实现森林生态旅游资源开发与保护的良性循环.由于经营目的和保护级别差异,自然保护区、森林公园及公益林场的生态旅游研究与实践尚存在发展不均衡、功能不突出等问题,随着生态旅游事业的深入发展,一些非热点和低等级的森林自然保护地在生态旅游理论研究与开发实践中将会发挥越来越重要的作用.     

生物物种资源的保护和利用价值评估——以江苏省为例

将生物物种资源的价值分为直接经济利用价值、研究与开发价值和生物物种资源保护价值,以江苏省为例,对保护和利用生物物种资源的价值进行评估。结果表明:在3次产业中,所有生物物种资源行业的总产值为9 829.89亿元.a-1,增加值为2 548.15亿元.a-1,占地区生产总值的16.43%。植物新品种权保护和利用为3次产业共新增总产值125.44亿元.a-1,生物物种资源持有人、研发机构、种子经销商、农民的收入之比为1.0∶5.3∶455.9∶6 265.4。基于生物物种资源的专利权保护和利用为农业和医药制造业新增总产值8.88亿元.a-1。全省野生生物物种资源的潜在经济利用价值为1 646.49亿元,生物物种资源对生态系统发挥服务功能产生的价值为1 613.54亿元.a-1。     

南岳自然保护区人文资源的调查研究

南岳自然保护区素为天下名山,层峦叠翠,风光旖旎,灵动俊秀的自然景观,源远流长的宗教文化,古朴神奇的历史遗迹,形成了博大精深的旅游资源.我国加入WTO后,随着世界旅游业的蓬勃发展,一个全新的旅游分支文化旅游正呈现出迅猛的发展势头.南岳作为素有文明奥区之称,进行文化资源的调查,构筑系统的旅游文化体系,开拓旅游市场,提升旅游品位,做好保护与利用旅游资源这篇文章有着重要意义.     

萨摩亚可持续性旅游的监控

旅游业是萨摩亚经济一个不断增长的重要组成部分 . 对于萨摩亚的社会和环境发展 , 它也具 有很大价值 , 而且至今并未得到充分利用 . 但是旅游业又是一种脆弱的产业 , 特别是在一个 小岛上 , 污染或者不适当开发都很容易对它的资源造成破坏 . 要想让萨摩亚的旅游业长期良 性发展 , 就必须重视这些问题 . 形成旅游产业的主要支柱是吸引力、基础设施、硬件设备、 服务水平等 , 因此有必要制定保障旅游业及其国家赖以存在的资源永远不处于危难境地的战略 .……     

萨摩亚可持续性旅游的监控

旅游业是萨摩亚经济一个不断增长的重要组成部分 . 对于萨摩亚的社会和环境发展 , 它也具 有很大价值 , 而且至今并未得到充分利用 . 但是旅游业又是一种脆弱的产业 , 特别是在一个 小岛上 , 污染或者不适当开发都很容易对它的资源造成破坏 . 要想让萨摩亚的旅游业长期良 性发展 , 就必须重视这些问题 . 形成旅游产业的主要支柱是吸引力、基础设施、硬件设备、 服务水平等 , 因此有必要制定保障旅游业及其国家赖以存在的资源永远不处于危难境地的战略 .     

衡阳美食旅游资源的调查及开发

美食旅游是以享受和体验美食为主要动机的一种重要的旅游方式.衡阳美食旅游资源丰富,发展美食旅游潜力巨大,但没有发挥地方优势,将特色美食资源挖掘出来,打造地方特色美食旅游项目.本文分析了衡阳发展美食旅游的资源,针对其中存在的问题,提出打造衡阳美食旅游品牌的思路.参5.     

萨摩亚可持续性旅游的监控

的社会和环境发展,它也具有很大价值,而且至今并未得到充分利用,良性发展,就必须重视这些问题.形成旅游产业的主要支柱是吸引力、基础设施、硬件设备、服务水平等,因此有必要制定保障旅游业及其国家赖以存在的资源永远不处于危难境地的战略. 1998年11月,在“新西兰官方开发援助组织”（NAODA）的支持下,萨摩亚旅游总局（SVB）着手规划对萨摩亚生旅游实施监控的行动方案.方案意图是设想一套明确的可持续性旅游目标,确定可行的、使用者赞同的衡量目标完成情况的指标,来自政府部门、私人企业、教育机构和政府间组织的富有经验的人员组成一个委员会,来帮助方案的落实.     

加勒比地区的生态旅游 : 莫失良机

注意保护自然与文化资源 , 生态旅游就能够产生收益 , 在保护地和偏远农村地区更是如此 .本 文集中论述了为使旅游产业更具有可持续性 , 在加勒比地区 ( 例如伯利兹、博奈尔岛、圣卢 西亚、开曼群岛、古巴和委内瑞拉 ) 所采取的一些积极措施 .     

The Ethics of Reviving Long Extinct Species

There now appears to be a plausible pathway for reviving species that have been extinct for several decades, centuries, or even millennia. I conducted an ethical analysis of de‐extinction of long extinct species. I assessed several possible ethical considerations in favor of pursuing de‐extinction: that it is a matter of justice; that it would reestablish lost value; that it would create new value; and that society needs it as a conservation last resort. I also assessed several possible ethical arguments against pursuing de‐extinction: that it is unnatural; that it could cause animal suffering; that it could be ecologically problematic or detrimental to human health; and that it is hubristic. There are reasons in favor of reviving long extinct species, and it can be ethically acceptable to do so. However, the reasons in favor of pursuing de‐extinction do not have to do with its usefulness in species conservation; rather, they concern the status of revived species as scientific and technological achievements, and it would be ethically problematic to promote de‐extinction as a significant conservation strategy, because it does not prevent species extinctions, does not address the causes of extinction, and could be detrimental to some species conservation efforts. Moreover, humanity does not have a responsibility or obligation to pursue de‐extinction of long extinct species, and reviving them does not address any urgent problem. Therefore, legitimate ecological, political, animal welfare, legal, or human health concerns associated with a de‐extinction (and reintroduction) must be thoroughly addressed for it to be ethically acceptable. La Ética de Revivir Especies Extintas Hace Mucho Tiempo Sandler     

The influence of landmarks on the systematic search behaviour of the desert isopod Hemilepistus reaumuri

Summary The desert isopod Hemilepistus reaumuri uses embankments of faeces, which each family builds around the entrance of its burrow, as an aid to homing after a foraging excursion. Though an isopod must touch its family's embankment (outer radius 8–15 cm) with its antennae before it can detect it, this landmark eases the return to the burrow appreciably. However, this advantage is imperiled by problems with similar landmarks. If during foraging the isopod goes astray and has to search for its landmark it also explores most of the alien families' embankments it detects, at least until it has located the burrow entrance within it. But it is not trapped by such similar landmarks. Whereas an isopod explores its own embankment until it comes to its burrow, digging for hours if the burrow entrance happens to be covered by sand, it leaves an alien embankment after most a few minutes and resumes its search. This shows that the isopod is able to distinguish this landmark from its own, probably by the same chemical badge it uses for the identification of family members. A desert isopod must explore alien embankments predominantly because it is not able to distinguish an alien embankment which is near its own burrow and may intersect its own embankment from others. Even when the animal explores and embankment in vain for a long time it could simply have overlooked its own burrow's entrance. In addition the isopod does not recognize an alien embankment which it has already explored. Therefore during a longer search, it has to explore an alien embankment again and again. H. reaumuri solves these identification problems, which correspond to the problems of other arthropods using landmarks for orientation, in a very successful manner. By repeatedly returning to a particular area it searches there more intensively, the greater the probability that its burrow is in this area according to the information, independent of landmarks, available to the animal. In most cases when it detects a particular alien embankment it explores it for a constant short time (on average 20.4 s). It follows that the isopod explores an alien embankment more intensively, the greater the probability that its burrow is within it. In this simple manner it approximately fulfills the rules of the best mathematical procedures that have recently been developed for solving search problems in which an object detected must be explored for some time before it can be distinguished from the real target. Theoretically these procedures are more successful than the search behaviour of H. reaumuri, but they require that either a particular landmark can be identified with certainty by exploration or that at least it can be recognized on a later contact. Although H. reaumuri does not meet these requirements, the success of its search behaviour is almost identical to that of the mathematical procedures.     

南京城市西部遗产廊道规划

南京城市西部历史时期是城市的重要边界,现在逐渐演变成老城与新区之间的核心地带,成为公共活动的重要地区,保护其自然、文化遗产和生态环境具有非常重要的意义。在对其现状调查分析的基础上,梳理遗产点的历史概况、现状及其分布情况,提出规划遗产廊道的意义,探讨规划的具体思路,为南京遗产保护提供了新的视角。     

The Value of Species and the Ethical Foundations of Assisted Colonization

Abstract: Discourse around assisted colonization focuses on the ecological risks, costs, and uncertainties associated with the practice, as well as on its technical feasibility and alternative approaches to it. Nevertheless, the ethical underpinnings of the case for assisted colonization are claims about the value of species. A complete discussion of assisted colonization needs to include assessment of these claims. For each type of value that species are thought to possess it is necessary to determine whether it is plausible that species possess the type of value and, if so, to what extent their possessing it justifies assisted colonization. I conducted such an assessment for each of the predominant types of value ascribed to species: ecological, instrumental (including option value), existence, and intrinsic value (including interest‐based, objective, and valuer‐dependent intrinsic value). The vast majority of species, including several that have been proposed as candidates for assisted colonization, have much less value than is often presumed. Moreover, with respect to some types of value, assisted colonization would not fully preserve the value of the target species even if it were to keep the target species in existence. Therefore, the case for assisted colonization is significantly weaker and more qualified than its advocates often suppose. There may be exceptional species for which assisted colonization is well justified—and for this reason, case‐by‐case assessment is necessary—but in general the burden of justification generated by the ecological risks associated with assisted colonization is not met by the value potentially preserved by assisted colonization. This suggests that assisted colonization ought to have, at most, a very minor role in the portfolio of ecosystem management practices, even as it pertains to species conservation under conditions of rapid climate change.     

鞘氨醇单胞菌研究进展

鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)是1990年才重新划分的一个新属,由于其特有的生态分布与代谢特征,已引起了环境微生物学者的重视.本文综述了鞘氨醇单胞菌的细胞结构与功能,以及生态分布与代谢特征方面的研究进展.鞘氨醇单胞菌具有特殊的细胞结构,最显著的是细胞膜用鞘脂糖代替了脂多糖,这使其与传统意义上的革兰氏阴性菌具有显著区别.鞘氨醇单胞菌耐受贫营养的代谢机制使其在自然界中有着极强的生命力和广泛的分布,某些菌株具有细胞膜上的高分子通道与大质粒,能够降解高分子有机污染物〔尤其是多环芳烃(PAHs)〕.这些特性使得鞘氨醇单胞菌在环境污染治理与生物技术领域具有广阔的应用前景.图2表1参65     

Russell's definite description analysis of production and limitation of phytoplankton species

The majority of phytoplankton species observed in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean produce new cells to equal cells lost, if any, to grazing and sinking. At the same time these species must limit new cells to numbers equalling any lost, since their abundance remains about the same in both deep and shallow areas. Of each of these species one may assert: the producer is a limiter (1). One species, coccolithus huxleyi, produces cells to offset any lost in deep water but does not limit, as it drifts into shallow water, new cells to equal the number lost in deep water, since it is more abundant in shallow than in deep water. For C. huxleyi it is true that the producer is not a limiter (2). However, once in the shallows, C. huxleyi is in a steady state, so that nutrient concentration both produces and limits new cells to equal any lost. Thus, (2) converts to (1) by having nutrient concentration the producer and the limiter. “The producer is a limiter” is a covering statement. Asserting it covers all observable species; denying it covers species not observed, those rare species which can only be found by more exhaustive sampling.     

Review of water pollution control in China

Water resource shortage and pollution has seriously threatened the survival and development of developing countries. Because of China’s specific economical and social circumstances, complete adoption of developed countries’ experience is unrealistic. At present, China needs to develop strategies and technologies in source water pollution control and municipal environmental remediation that embrace the country’s specific need to battle the water resource problem. Among them, efficient source water pretreatment is a critical step to ensure a safe municipal water supply. Unlike developed countries, it is not yet feasible in China to treat water supplied to the household and have it meet the standard of direct drinking; therefore, it is more appropriate to refer to it as service water. As a beneficial supplement, an additional community drinking water network and household drinking water apparatus can be considered.     

广东省地质时期植物区系的形成与演变

广东现代植物区系的形成可以追溯到本区晚古生代华夏植物群的发展。早、中泥盆世,本区首先在一些海滨地带发育了裸蕨纲植物;晚泥盆世,广东植物区系大致反映了全球一致的拟鳞木植物群的性质;早石炭世具有前华夏植物群的色彩;二叠纪时已发展为典型的华夏植物区系的性质,是晚古生代华夏植物区系的重要组成部分。中生代,广东植物区系成分发生了很大的变化,裸子植物大量繁盛,但总体上是在本区晚古生代华夏植物区系的基础上演化而来的。晚古生代和中生代植物区系的发展为广东现代植物区系的形成奠定了基础。从第三纪开始,广东植物区系成分变得更加复杂多样,被子植物大量发展,取代了裸子植物占据统治地位。到了晚第三纪广东植物区系逐渐接近于现代。     

企业信用缺失的风险和对策

信用是企业之本，企业要想生存和发展，就必须以诚信为基础，否则将付出重大的代价．要提高企业的信用度，必须建立、健全企业内部控制制度，采取有效的措施，通过建立信用文化和信用保障体制，从根本上解决企业信用缺失问题，让企业所有的承诺都有保证，让所有的企业都健康地竞争与生存．     

浅谈高悬浮物废水处理研究中存在的不足

结合现场实践经验,指出了目前处理高悬浮物废水存在的悬浮物浓度与有机药剂用量不成比例等矛盾.通过分析混凝理论的研究历程,总结出高浓度范围下的絮凝作用机理为包裹机理,目前该机理仅处于定性描述阶段,对其进行定量描述具有重要意义;结合动力学发展过程,了解到以悬浮物浓度为研究对象的动力学模型较多,但特别针对高悬浮物范围下的絮凝动力学方程尚无人研究.并针对高悬浮物废水的处理,提出了今后重点研究方向.