创建机关ISO 14001环境管理体系探析

围绕天津市环境保护局创建机关ISO14001环境管理体系过程中的环境因素识别这一核心问题，进行了深入研究和探讨，并对体系的概况，特点和创建体系的意义等进行了概述和分析，为全国环保机关建立ISO14001环境管理体系提供了借鉴。     

以ISO14001推进生态城市建设

文章针对生态城市的建设问题,提出将在城市范围内按照国际标准ISO14001建立环境管理体系作为生态城市建设手段的观点,并分析了ISO14001与生态城市思路的一致性以及在生态城市建设中ISO14001能够发挥的作用。     

聚焦ISO 14001标准 创建生态旅游岛

结合鼓浪屿区实施ISO14001标准，探讨了其意义，实施步骤和特点，可为其它风景名胜区建立环境管理体系所借鉴。     

促进泰国清洁生产：清洁生产与ISO14001环境管理系统的一体化

清洁生产计划和环境管理系统（其中ISO14000EMS系列将成为国际标准）已被确认为促进泰国工业污染削减的潜在强有力手段．本文考察了清洁生产方法和ISO14001EMS方法，以确定两者之间的可能关系，以及ISO14001对促进泰国清洁生产的潜在影响．     

环境目标管理-ISO 14000环境管理体系的建立与实施

根据天津市环保局建立和实施ISO 14000环境管理体系的经验，分析说明了环境目标管理思想与ISO 14000环境管理体系结合的必要性，重点阐述了环境目标管理-ISO 14000环境管理体系的建立与实施，包括体系的设计、运行和保障。     

建立区域ISO 14001环境管理体系技术要点

以区域为范围进行环境管理体系认证是国家环保总局在我国推行ISO 14000标准的一项重要举措，其目的是将环境管理与行政管理充分有效的结合，借助区域管理机构的管理职能将ISO 14000这一科学的管理手段有效的实施，从而达到环境保护全社会参与，推动该区域各类组织积极自觉地实施ISO 14000标准。本文就区域类型环境管理体系建立与实施的有关技术要点，从经验的角度做了一些探讨。     

“权衡过吗？”：在市区实施环境管理系统 (EMS)

到目前为止，政府和市区主要关心公共基金的有效管理，这未必会涉及到环境问题 .但随着当前更环境化的、更负责的社会趋势的到来，导致了人们对出现的 ISO14001国际认证标准的深入研究 .为解决城市环境管理的问题，国际合作提高了解决日益增长的共同的环境问题的能力，导致形成最佳全球性解决方案 .     

“权衡过吗？”：在市区实施环境管理系统 (EMS)

到目前为止，政府和市区主要关心公共基金的有效管理，这未必会涉及到环境问题.但随着当前更环境化的、更负责的社会趋势的到来，导致了人们对出现的ISO14001国际认证标准的深入研究.为解决城市环境管理的问题，国际合作提高了解决日益增长的共同的环境问题的能力，导致形成最佳全球性解决方案.     

“权衡过吗？”：在市实施环境管理系统（EMS）

到目前为止，政府和市区主要关心公共基金的有效管理，这未必会涉及到环境总理2，但随着当前更环境化的，更负责的社会趋势的到来，导致了人们对出现的ISO14001国际认证标准的深入研究，为解决城市管理的问题，国际合作提高了解决日益长的共同的环境问题的能力，导致形成最佳全球性解决方案。     

“权衡过吗?”:在市区实施环境管理系统(EMS)

到目前为止，政府和市区主要关心公共基金的有效管理，这未必会涉及到环境问题.但随 着当前更环境化的、更负责的社会趋势的到来，导致了人们对出现的ISO14001国际认证标准 的深入研究.为解决城市环境管理的问题，国际合作提高了解决日益增长的共同的环境问题 的能力，导致形成最佳全球性解决方案.     

Adoption of environmental standards in Australia: focus on ISO 14001

This study aimed to explore the adoption of environmental standards in Australia, focusing on ISO 14001. The authors used purposive sampling to select a group of ISO 14001 certified and a group of ISO 14001 non-certified companies. Data were collected through a combination of website searches and content analysis. The study found that, overall, 92.9% of the ISO 14001 certified compared to 78.4% of the ISO 14001 non-certified companies promoted their environmental commitment through various methods. In addition, 33.4% of ISO 14001 non-certified companies (compared to 19.2% of certified companies) used their environmental engagement activities as a marketing tool. Second, 80.9% of ISO 14001 certified companies' and 26.7% of the non-certified companies' reports are easy to find and are clearly stated. The study concludes that Australian companies engage in similar environmental activities irrespective of whether they are ISO 14001 certified or not. Both management and research implications of the study's findings are presented.     

Is ISO 14001 a gateway to more advanced voluntary action? The case of green supply chain management

Using Japanese facility-level data, we estimate the effects of ISO 14001 certification on the promotion of more advanced practices, namely green supply chain management (GSCM). Our results show that ISO 14001 promotes GSCM practices. Facilities with environmental management systems (EMS) certified to ISO 14001 are 40% more likely to assess their suppliers' environmental performance and 50% more likely to require that their suppliers undertake specific environmental practices. Further, government programs that encourage voluntary EMS adoption indirectly promote GSCM practices. These programs increase the probabilities that facilities will assess their suppliers' environmental performance and require suppliers to undertake specific environmental practices by 7% and 8%, respectively. Combined, these findings suggest that there may be significant but previously unnoticed spillover effects of ISO 14001 and government promotion of voluntary action.     

Is a voluntary approach an effective environmental policy instrument?: A case for environmental management systems

Using Japanese facility-level data from an OECD survey, we estimate the effects of implementation of ISO14001 and publication of environmental reports on the facilities’ environmental performance. While most previous studies focused on an index of emissions toxicity, this study examines three areas of impacts, none of which have been explored in the literature: natural resource use, solid waste generation, and wastewater effluent. The study is also unique in that the effectiveness of ISO14001 is considered in relation to environmental regulations. Our findings are summarized as follows. First, both ISO14001 and report publication help reduce all three impacts; the former appears more effective in all areas except wastewater. Second, environmental regulations do not weaken the effect of ISO14001. Third, assistance programs offered by local governments—a voluntary approach—promote facilities’ adoption of ISO14001. These findings suggest that governments can use command-and-control and voluntary approaches concurrently.     

Industrial solid waste flow analysis of eco-industrial parks: implications for sustainable waste management in China

Sustainable waste management in the industrial ecology perspective brings enormous challenges to the existing methodology of waste analysis at the industrial park (IP) scale. In this study, a four-step method was proposed for industrial solid waste (ISW) flow analysis of eco-industrial parks (EIPs) and applied to two IPs in eastern China. According to a park-wide census of 619 industrial enterprises and 105 questionnaires by a survey from 2006 to 2008, the results indicated that: 1) at the enterprise scale, more than 60% of enterprises were small-ISW-generation enterprises which encountered great difficulties on effective waste management; 2) at the IP scale, though the two IPs have set up their own environmental management systems and passed the ISO 14001 certification, the efficiencies of the ISW management systems have yet to be improved in the industrial ecology perspective; and 3) at the regional scale, more than 97% of ISW flowed within the provincial region, indicating that the provincial governments prevented the wastes from flowing into their own “back yard”. Effective waste management should be placed in a broader perspective. Approaches to sustainable waste management may include wastes exchange, efficient waste and information flow, virtual EIP, waste minimization clubs and regionalization of waste management.     

Teil I: Braucht die Landwirtschaft Umweltmanagementsysteme?

The farming community is today faced with requests by various interest groups to implement environmental management systems (EMS). The series of items shows principle theoretical questions of the method and the advantages of EMS (part I and II), presents the practical outcome (part III) and give a recommendation for potential users of EMS in agricultural systems (part IV). The study conducted outlines the method of the implementing an EMS according to the Environmental Management and Audit System (EMAS) and ISO 14001. Further advantages and disadvantages for the agricultural industry are addressed. Even though terms such as site can not easily be defined or problems with open material cycles and structural particularity of agricultural farms there appears to be a benefit to implement. The transparency and documentation of the material flow as well as the economical benefits of an optimized organization count towards the EMS. Further EMS can be a means to strengthen the argumentative position for example with the public, authorities, banks or insurance. This concurs with minimizing company liabilities and obtaining governmental privileges (deregulation).     

The role of environmental activity integration into the R&D department to obtain competitive advantage

The objective of this work is to examine to what degree the integration between R&D and environmental departments facilitates the achievement of an environmental practice-derived competitive advantage. With this aim, we surveyed 110 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 certified factories. The results reveal that the integration of environmental action into the R&D department enhances a company's reputation through the product quality and image. Moreover, the said integration positively influences the company's overall innovative capability and, hence, its ability to penetrate international markets.