光和O3降解偶氮染料水溶液的研究

以３００Ｗ中压汞灯为光源，研究了直接耐晒大红４ＢＳ、活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ、活性黑ＫＮ－Ｂ三种偶氮染料（以下分别简称为４ＢＳ、Ｘ－３Ｂ、ＫＮ－Ｂ）水溶液在有Ｏ３和无Ｏ３条件下的光降解情况。同时还做了仅用Ｏ３处理染料溶液的对比试验，结果表明：光照和Ｏ３联用时，它们的降解速率常数分别比仅用光处理时快２６、２７和１５倍；比仅用Ｏ３处理时快１．２、１．１和１．１倍；它们的降解均遵循一级反应动力学。另外还测定了它     

可溶性染料光催化降解研究

本文研究了使用半导体光催化法处理可溶性染料水溶液的降解情况。以直接耐酸大红4BS、酸性红G为例进行了试验。实验表明,在浓度约为10ppm的水溶液中,当高压汞灯照射20～30分钟后,两染料都已脱色,并伴随染料分子中的芳环断裂。     

不同形式电极与染料溶液的反应及其能耗

本研究对分散红Ｅ－４Ｂ、还原深蓝ＢＯ和酸性红Ｂ等三种染料分别用三维电极法和平板电极法进行了电解,结果表明三维电析法比平板电极法节能可达７０％以上;并且电解效果越好的染料,采用三维电极法电解节能效果越明显。并且在不同ｐＨ值条件下,对酸性红Ｂ进行电解实验,结果表明在不同ｐＨ值条件下,色度去除率基本相同,中性条件下ＴＯＣ的去除效果较好。     

载银TiO2半导体催化剂对印染废水的光降解研究

以新型载银ＴｉＯ２为催化剂，采用高压汞灯为光源对实际印染废水进行了光催化降解的研究。研究结果表明，用新型载银催化剂（简称ＴＳＡ）对印染废水和精炼废水进行深度处理的效果比用ＴｉＯ２为好。在光照１２０分钟条件下，用ＴＳＡ催化剂对印染和精炼废水生化处理出水进行光催化降解，废水的ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率分别达到７５．３％和８３．４％，比同样光降解条件下用单一ＴｉＯ２催化剂时废水的ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率提高２２．９％和２     

天然超细针状羽绒粒子对染料的吸附性能

采用超细粉体加工设备制备了天然超细针状羽绒粒子,考察其对模拟染料废水溶液中酸性大红3R、直接耐酸大红4BS、还原大红R的吸附性能,探讨了p H、吸附剂用量等因素对染料吸附的影响。实验结果表明,超细羽绒粒子是一种针状介孔吸附材料,具有连续的孔径分布和发达的孔结构。染料溶液p H为3.0,超细羽绒粒子用量5 g/L时吸附效果最好。对吸附数据进行Langmuir、Freundlich、Tempkin以及D-R吸附模型线性拟合,得出超细羽绒粒子对3种染料的吸附规律最符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,其理论最大吸附容量分别为137.55、108.11和87.72 mg/g。对吸附能计算发现,超细羽绒粒子对酸性大红3R、直接耐酸大红4BS以及还原大红R的吸附是化学吸附过程。研究表明,超细羽绒粒子是一种最具有应用潜力的吸附印染废水中有毒有机染料的高效吸附剂。     

染色废水吸附混凝效应研究

用自制的酸性膨润土用无机混凝剂Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３联用处理含酸性红３Ｂ,弱酸橙ＧＳ和弱酸艳绿５Ｇ等染料的合成废水,以ＣＤＯＣＲ去除率和脱色率来表征吸附的处理效果,结果表明,酸性膨润土和酸性膨润土－硫酸铝两种吸收混凝剂的废水处理效果无明显差异,其效率与染料种类有关,处理含５Ｇ绿废水的效果优于含ＧＳ橙和３Ｂ红废水。     

兼氧接触工艺处理造纸中段废水中间试验的研究

采用中试规律的兼氧接触工艺处理造纸中段废水，当处理水量为４．８ｍ＾３／ｄ，水力停留时间３～４ｈ，气水比３：１，进水ＰＨ８～９．５，平均ＣＯＤ浓度为１６４１．６ｍｇ／ｌ，ＢＯＤ５５１６．１ｍｇ／ｌ，ＳＳ６８８．４ｍｇ／ｌ的条件下，处理后出水ｐＨ７．５左右，平均ＣＯＤ浓度为１０５９．８ｍｇ／ｌ，去除率３４．９％，ＢＯＤ５２４６．５ｍｇ／ｌ，去除率５２．１％，ＳＳ１６１．９ｍｇ／ｌ，去除率为７７．１％。     

Fe-AC微电解活化过硫酸盐降解直接耐酸大红4BS

为快速脱色降解偶氮类染料,同时解决零价铁活化效率低、易被氧化的问题,以直接耐酸大红4BS(大红4BS)为模拟废水污染物,通过Fe-AC/PDS(铁碳微电解活化过硫酸钠)反应体系对大红4BS进行脱色降解。对影响大红4BS降解的几种因素如Fe:AC(铁碳质量比)、PDS浓度、初始pH等进行探究。结果表明,大红4BS脱色率在Fe:AC=3:1时高达94.7%。增大PDS浓度能明显促进反应进行,但超过5 mmol·L~(-1)时,对体系影响不大。初始溶液pH对Fe-AC/PDS体系降解大红4BS作用显著,在酸性和中性(pH=3.02、4.67、7.32)时,大红4BS的脱色率分别高达98.8%、96.2%、94.7%,但在碱性(pH=9.38、10.78)条件下,其脱色率只有24.5%、18.7%。无机盐阴离子对Fe-AC/PDS体系降解大红4BS有抑制作用,而阳离子对其产生促进作用。自由基俘获实验表明Fe-AC/PDS体系降解大红4BS并不仅仅只是自由基的氧化反应,还存在其他复杂反应,继而对Fe-AC/PDS体系降解大红4BS的机理进行探讨。     

氮掺杂二氧化钛可见光催化降解曙红Y溶液

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了氮掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂,用XRD、SEM、FTIR和粒度分析仪对催化剂进行了表征,并且在可见光作用下对曙红Y溶液进行了光催化降解实验。研究了催化剂的投加量、曙红Y的初始浓度、光照时间和pH对曙红Y溶液的光降解效果。结果表明,以可见光作光源,催化剂的投入量为0.4 g,曙红Y溶液的初始浓度为20 mg/L,光照时间为50 min,pH=4条件下,曙红Y溶液的降解率达98.87%。     

利用KAI（SO4）2作助催化剂高压消化测定CODcr

探讨了利用ＫＡｌ（ＳＯ４）２作催化剂，从而减少Ａｇ２ＳＯ４的用量，并在高压条件下有效缩短化学需氧量的消解时间，从而达到快速分析的目的。     

Effects of ferric hydroxide on methanogenesis from lipids and long-chain fatty acids in anaerobic digestion.

The addition of ferric hydroxide to sludge from a municipal anaerobic digester stimulated the rate of methanogenesis from canola oil when the initial oil concentration was high (4600 mg/L; P < 0.002), but not when it was low (920 mg/L; P > 0.05). Similar trends were observed when oleic acid, a fatty acid that is a major component of canola oil triglycerides, was provided, but the effects were statistically significant only when the initial concentration of ferric hydroxide was also high (18 g/L; P = 0.015). Iron reduction occurred when ferric hydroxide was added to microcosms containing anaerobic digester sludge, but the extent of ferrous iron production was much less in acetate-amended microcosms than in those that were provided with canola oil or oleic acid. Methanogenesis and acetate consumption were completely inhibited when the initial acetate concentration was approximately 5000 mg/L, regardless of the initial ferric hydroxide concentration. The main effect of ferric hydroxide in this system appears to have been a result of stimulation of the rate of fatty acid oxidation.     

FeAlOx/MMT催化Fenton反应降解高浓度苯酚废水

以蒙脱土为载体制备负载型Fe/Al复合氧化物(FeAlOx/MMT)用于催化Fenton反应降解高浓度苯酚废水。实验结果表明,活性相FeAlOx中Fe/Al摩尔比为0.22时制备所得催化剂对Fenton反应具有最佳活性,且Fe/Al复合氧化物并未嵌入蒙脱土层间。在低温和高pH条件下催化体系存在诱导期,诱导期内FeAlOx/MMT缓释出Fe离子并进而由Fe离子催化溶液中的Fenton反应。通过对非均相催化降解苯酚废水的动力学研究发现,H2O2初始浓度、溶液的pH和反应温度对COD降解效率具有显著影响。调节降解过程中的温度序列和氧化剂引入程序能够缓解高温和高双氧水浓度双重因素耦合导致的HO.自消耗。在优化的降解条件下使用理论用量的H2O2可使得1 g/L的苯酚废水中苯酚降解率达到100%,而COD的降解率则达到97%。     

复合赤泥在高浓度含磷废水处理中的应用

赤泥与石灰粉（CaO和Ca（OH）₂）按不同比例混合制成复合赤泥，通过投加实验考察了复合赤泥的除磷效果。结果证明，对于磷酸盐浓度为45 000 mg/L左右（以P计）的酸性工业废水，复合赤泥（赤泥与Ca（OH）₂按质量比1：1混合）投加量为240 g/L，去除率为99.97%；对于10 mg/L左右的含磷废水，赤泥的最佳投加浓度为15 g/L，上清液磷浓度可降至0.30 mg/L，出水低于0.5 mg/L的排放标准。根据以上研究结果，提出了对高浓度酸性磷酸盐废水的处理宜采用复合赤泥再加原状赤泥的二级处理方法。     

FeAlO_x/MMT催化Fenton反应降解高浓度苯酚废水

以蒙脱土为载体制备负载型Fe/Al复合氧化物（FeAlOx/MMT）用于催化Fenton反应降解高浓度苯酚废水。实验结果表明,活性相FeAlOx中Fe/Al摩尔比为0.22时制备所得催化剂对Fenton反应具有最佳活性,且Fe/Al复合氧化物并未嵌入蒙脱土层间。在低温和高pH条件下催化体系存在诱导期,诱导期内FeAlOx/MMT缓释出Fe离子并进而由Fe离子催化溶液中的Fenton反应。通过对非均相催化降解苯酚废水的动力学研究发现,H2O2初始浓度、溶液的pH和反应温度对COD降解效率具有显著影响。调节降解过程中的温度序列和氧化剂引入程序能够缓解高温和高双氧水浓度双重因素耦合导致的HO.自消耗。在优化的降解条件下使用理论用量的H2O2可使得1 g/L的苯酚废水中苯酚降解率达到100%,而COD的降解率则达到97%。     

电吸附法去除水中刚果红的研究

以一种典型的联苯胺类直接偶氮染料刚果红为模型物,利用自制活性炭电极,研究各种因素(扫描电压、溶液初始浓度、电解质浓度、pH、电极活性炭用量等)对电吸附效果的影响.结果表明,在-1.0～1.0V的扫描电压下,刚果红没有氧化还原反应发生,电吸附是一稳定而又可逆的过程；扫描电压负极化使刚果红的吸附率降低,而正极化能明显提高吸附率,在0.9V扫描电压下的吸附率比开路(扫描电压为零)时提高了18.6百分点;刚果红溶液的初始浓度越高,吸附平衡时的吸附容量越高,但吸附率反而降低,刚果红溶液的初始质量浓度为40 mg/l时的吸附容量是10 mg/L时的4.87倍,而吸附率降低了21.4％；随着电解质Na2SO4的加入,加快了刚果红在溶液中的运动速率,但刚果红的最终去除率有所降低,并且在一定范围内Na2SO4加入的越多,刚果红的最终吸附效果越差；pH为7(未调节)时,活性炭电极对刚果红的吸附率最高,pH为2、11时,吸附率均有所降低;随着电极活性炭用量的增加,刚果红的吸附容量逐渐降低,吸附率则逐渐提高,达到吸附平衡所需时间相应也延长.     

复合酸化剂对电镀污泥中铬、铜的去除效果

以电镀加工厂产生的污水污泥作为主要研究对象,研究了柠檬酸、硝酸、过氧化氢为复合酸化剂,Fe3+为增效剂对电镀污泥中铬和铜的去除效果,考察了酸化剂的浓度、反应时间、摇床转速、污泥pH、Fe3+浓度等因素对污泥中重金属去除效率的影响。结果表明:在室温下,含0.15 mol/L柠檬酸、1.5%过氧化氢、0.25 mol/L硝酸的复合酸化剂与增效剂2.0g/L Fe3+溶液共同处理污泥,固液比为1∶10,以150 r/min的转速振荡4 h,对污泥中Cr的去除效率达到80.02%,Cu的去除效率可达到92.89%,使污泥中残留Cr、Cu含量均符合国家污泥农用标准。     

Removal of pesticides from surface waters by combined physicochemical processes. Part I: Dodine

The simultaneous action of powdered activated carbon and several coagulant agents on the removal of the fungicide dodine from spiked distilled water, was studied. As coagulants, ferric chloride (FeCl₃) and basic polyaluminium chlorosulfate ([Al(OH)_xCl_y(SO₄)_z]_n) were examined, using polyacrylamide, in certain cases, as coagulant aid (polyelectrolyte). The efficiency of dodine removal was investigated with respect to the added amount of powdered activated carbon (PAC), the pH value, as well as the type and dose of coagulant and polyelectrolyte. The experiments were performed applying the standard jar-test procedure. The initial concentration of dodine was 250 μg/L. At this concentration and pH range 5–8 it was found that a dose of 100 mg/L PAC was necessary to achieve more than 98% removal of dodine, whereas lower removal (91–93%) was obtained applying half the dose of PAC under the same conditions. However, when 10–100 mg/L FeCl₃ were simultaneously added with PAC, the removal efficiency increased to >98%, even with the half PAC dose.     

Kinetics of chemoheterotrophic microbially mediated reduction of ferric EDTA and the nitrosyl adduct of ferrous EDTA for the treatment and regeneration of spent nitric oxide scrubber liquor.

Biomass from a prototype reactor was used to investigate the kinetics of chemoheterotrophic reduction of solutions of ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and solutions containing the nitrosyl adduct of ferrous EDTA using ethanol as the primary electron donor and carbon source. A series of batch experiments were conducted using biomass extracted from the scrubber solution treatment and regeneration stage of a prototype iron EDTA-based unit process for the absorption of nitric oxide with subsequent biological treatment. Using a linear-sweep voltammetric method for analysis of the ferric EDTA concentration, iron-reducing bacteria were found to behave according to the Monod kinetic model, at initial concentrations up to 2.16 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) as ethanol per liter, with a half-velocity constant of 0.532 g COD as ethanol/L and a maximum specific utilization rate of 0.127 mol/L of ferric ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid [Fe(III)EDTA]*(g volatile suspended solids [VSS]/L)d(-1). Based on batch analyses, biomass yield and endogenous decay values of iron-reducing bacteria were estimated to be 0.055 g VSS/g COD and 0.017 L/d, respectively. An average of 1.64 times the theoretical (stoichiometric) demand of ethanol was used to complete reduction reactions. Kinetics of the reduction of the nitrosyl adduct of ferrous EDTA are summarized by the following kinetic constants: half-velocity constant (Ks) of 0.39 g COD/L, maximum specific utilization rate (k) of 0.2 mol/L [NO x Fe(II)EDTA(2-)](g VSS/L)d(-1), and inhibition constant (K(I)) of 0.33 g COD/L, as applied to the modified Monod kinetic expression described herein. Based on batch analyses, the biomass yield of nitrosyl-adduct-reducing bacteria was estimated to be 0.259 g VSS/g COD, endogenous decay was experimentally determined to be 0.0569 L/d, and an average of 1.26 times the stoichiometric demand of ethanol was used to complete reduction reactions.     

非活体生物质对水中活性艳红X-3B的吸附研究

研究了4种非活体生物质(米酒糟、花生壳、柚子皮、稻草秸秆)对模拟废水中活性艳红X-3B的吸附条件及吸附机理。结果表明,活性艳红X-3B初始浓度为100 mg/L、pH为1.0~2.0、吸附剂浓度为10 mg/L时,4种吸附剂对活性艳红X-3B的吸附率可达到80%。吸附在60 min左右达平衡后最大吸附量的顺序为:米酒糟(58.8 mg/g)花生壳(28.0mg/g)柚子皮(23.6 mg/g)稻草秸秆(19.5 mg/g)。在达最大吸附率时,米酒糟的用量可减少一半、pH范围可宽为1.0~6.0,且吸附量是另三者的2倍以上。综合比较,米酒糟具有较强的吸附废水中活性艳红X-3B的能力,可作为废水中活性染料的吸附剂使用。而花生壳、柚子皮和稻草秸秆的吸附能力相对较弱,不是理想的吸附材料。数学模型模拟表明,米酒糟和柚子皮的吸附过程更符合Freundlich方程,而花生壳和稻草秸秆更符合Langmuir方程;动力学研究表明4种吸附剂的吸附拟合更符合拟二级动力学方程。     

天然沸石负载La2O3-ZnO-TiO2光催化降解活性艳红K-2BP

利用80目天然斜发沸石作载体制备La₂O₃(0.5%)-ZnO(20%)-TiO₂/沸石复合光催化剂，以20 W紫外灯为光源，在自制的光催化反应器中降解活性艳红K-2BP，考察了光照时间、空气通入量、催化剂用量、溶液初始浓度、H₂O₂与Fe³⁺投加量等对活性艳红K-2BP光催化降解率的影响。结果表明，当溶液初始浓度为60 mg/L，催化剂投加量为12 g/L，通气量为1 200 mL/min，光照2.5 h，活性艳红K-2BP的降解率可达99.2%；H₂O₂和Fe³⁺投加量为4 mL/L和3 g/L时，光照1 h活性艳红K-2BP降解率分别为100%和97.2%。紫外可见吸收光谱显示，LZTZ光催化剂可有效降解印染废水。