区域水生态承载力评价指标体系研究

在已有相关研究的指标体系和国家颁布的相关指标体系基础上,提出了区域水生态承载力评价指标体系的构建依据、构建原则、分类框架、指标选取方法和标准确定方法。根据水生态承载力的概念和内涵,以压力-状态-响应(PSR)为指标体系分类框架,采用频数统计法和理论分析法相结合的方法,将已有研究中常用的、与水生态承载力密切相关的指标筛选出来,构建了区域水生态承载力指标体系,包括58个指标,其中核心指标19个,备选指标39个。在此基础上,参考国家颁布的相关标准,选取适当的核心指标对渭河陕西段水生态承载力进行评价,并进一步计算压力指数、状态指数、响应指数和承载指数,结果显示渭河陕西段水环境系统压力较大,状态最差,响应程度较高,水环境严重超载。     

城镇生态承载力评价方法构建与应用

提出了评价对象、评价目标和评价方法三位一体的城镇生态承载力综合评价方法,构建了递阶多层生态承载力评价指标体系和面向应用对象的、融合多指标评语信息的生态承载力综合评价模型.以浙江省义乌市为例,对2000-2007年义乌市的生态承载力状况进行了评价与分析.结果表明,义乌市2000 2007年的生态承载力得分在60～70分,且呈逐年增加的趋势,说明其承载力状况良好;各支持力要素中,环境支持力得分一般,虽然随时间呈现一定波动但基本保持不变.资源支持力得分最差,人类支持力得分最高,且随时间逐年增加.结合研究区域实际情况对其生态承载力影响因素进行了剖析,并提出了生态承载力提高措施,为其可持续发展提供理论指导.     

基于压力—状态—响应模型的城市水资源承载力评价指标体系构建研究

科学评估城市水资源承载力是实现城市水资源可持续发展、解决城市缺水问题的重要课题。基于压力—状态—响应(PSR)模型框架,构建城市水资源承载力评价指标体系,其中压力类、状态类、响应类指标分别为7、5、7项。同时,应用层次分析法(AHP)确定各项指标权重,引入指标综合评价法,结合中国城市发展现状及规划设置标准,并以福州为例,评估其城市水资源承载力。     

钢铁企业碳资产绩效评价指标体系构建及应用研究

在明确碳资源内涵的基础上将碳资产定义为有助于降低碳排放量并能创造低碳价值的各种有形和无形资产,并运用指标管理法构建了由碳资金周转率、碳排放率、碳配额结余率、碳固定资产收益率和低碳技术转化率组成的碳资产绩效评价指标体系。同时,运用该指标体系评价BS钢铁企业的碳资产绩效,表明该指标体系能从多角度反映碳资产的管理效率和效益。最后,提出了碳资产管理领域需要进一步研究的问题。     

医疗机构清洁生产评价指标体系应用研究

医疗机构是北京市服务业的重要组成部分。针对医疗机构能耗高、水耗大的特性,研究分析了医疗机构清洁生产评价指标体系,并将该体系应用于某大型三甲综合医院,对该医院的清洁生产水平进行评价。评价结果显示,该医院单位床位取水量为984L/d,单位建筑面积综合能耗(以标准煤计)为32.7kg/m~2,单位床位废水产生量为780.9L/d,清洁生产综合评价指数为83.37,该医院清洁生产水平为三级。     

基于预警视角的南京市资源环境承载力评价研究

参考国家相关指南并结合南京市实际,以区级行政区为评价单元对南京市进行资源环境承载力评价。基于预警视角从资源、环境、生态等维度选取典型指标构建评价指标体系,分别进行针对资源、环境与生态的基础评价和针对农产品主产区的专项评价。采取"短板效应",结合基础、专项评价结果进行南京市资源环境承载力集成评价,为南京市资源环境承载力评价预警工作提供基础数据支撑,并从水资源、土地资源、大气环境、水环境、生态系统等方面进行超载因子识别与分析,提出相应的管控对策建议。     

战略环境评价有效性评价指标体系与方法探讨

近年来,战略环境评价(SEA)的有效性研究逐渐受到关注,但是当前国内外研究缺乏对SEA有效性评价指标和评价方法的探讨.针对SEA评价模式,初步构建了包括背景有效性、程序有效性、目标有效性和增量有效性等4项一级指标和11项二级指标的评价指标层次结构,提出采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对SEA的有效性进行综合评价.在此基础上,尝试性地以天津滨海新区SEA为例,应用模糊评价法对其有效性进行定量分析,为进一步建立SEA有效性评价标准提供思路,为完善SEA有效性评价方法和模型提供理论支持.     

滨海宜居环境评价指标体系的初步构建——以上海为例

立足滨海环境,在宜居环境和宜居城市等概念的基础上,提出了滨海宜居环境的概念.以上海为例,依据指标选择的原则,参照相关宜居城市评价指标体系,结合上海滨海环境特点,从社会文明度、经济富裕度、环境优美度、公共安全度和生活便宜度5大方面,建立了上海滨海宜居环境的评价指标体系.同时,按照初步建立的上海滨海宜居环境评价指标体系,上海的滨海环境宜居指数为86.54.按照等级划分标准,上海滨海环境为宜居环境.     

城镇排水系统运行效能评价指标体系的构建与研究

排水系统是城镇一个重要的基础设施,其运行效能评价对于城镇水环境治理维护和绿色低碳发展具有重要意义。对国内外相关研究成果从以下三方面进行了梳理和分析：首先,运行效能评价研究按评价目标的不同可分为内涝和溢流的控制、管网性能的预测与诊断、排水系统的规划与运营、安全风险类评估和综合性评价五类,阐明了这五类评价指标体系的研究现状,总结了其常用指标;其次,分析各评价指标体系的构建流程,可归纳为“调研准备”“指标构建”“赋分评价”三个阶段,归纳了常用评价指标筛选方法,并指出其中最关键的部分在于第三阶段的评价方法的选择,即指标赋权和最终评价结果的计算;最后,对文献中的各类评价方法进行了分析,结果表明基于层次分析主观定权法的综合评价法是当前研究中的常用方法,可以解决评价过程中产生的不确定性、不一致性、模糊化、定量化等问题;同时也概述了客观定权方法如熵权法、神经网络、组合定权等方法的特点和适用性。研究指出关于智慧水务和平稳输送的效能评价还比较缺乏,而随着物网联、人工智能、在线监测等技术的快速发展以及海量可靠的排水系统相关数据的出现,将给以客观定权法为主流的新评价方法的开发应用带来契机。本研究可为完善排水系统运行效能评价指标体系并计算准确评价结果提供参考。     

渤海湾海洋资源、生态和环境承载力评价

在海洋经济快速增长的同时,由于海域污染造成的海洋生态环境破坏等问题,严重制约了海洋资源、生态和环境的可持续发展.结合国内外海洋资源、生态和环境承载力研究方法,将人口、社会经济、海洋资源、生态和环境系统服务功能纳入一个综合系统,将海洋生态系统服务功能引入到承载力评价指标体系和研究方法中,构建了以系统动力学(SD)模型、状态空间评价模型、多目标规划( MOP)模型为主,以海洋生态系统服务功能价值评估、灰色预测模型GM(1,1)和曲线回归模型等为辅助手段的海洋资源-生态-环境承载力复合系统(以下简称复合系统),并选取渤海湾进行实证研究.通过复合系统在渤海湾的应用,定量评价和预测渤海湾的承载状况,为海洋开发与管理以及区域协调发展提供评价和决策支持的技术方法,促进中国海洋资源、生态和环境的可持续利用及海洋经济的可持续发展.     

The land carrying capacity and environmental risk assessment of livestock and poultry breeding considering crop planting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - At present, the contradiction between survival and ecology necessitates the integration of crop planting, chemical fertilizer application, and...     

论环境风险及其管理制度建设

在阐明环境风险和环境风险管理的概念和内涵的基础上,叙述了中国面临的主要环境风险,提出了中国环境风险管理制度建设的建议.并着重指出,国家应当对重点风险源进行直接管理.     

Water resource carrying capacity and obstacle factors in the Yellow River basin based on the RBF neural network model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Yellow River basin (YRB) plays an important role in China’s economic and social growth. Based on different dimensions, we adopted the radial...     

Multi-criteria decision making and fairness evaluation of water ecological carrying capacity for inter-regional green development

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Determining water ecological carrying capacity (WECC) is of great significance to ensure inter-regional green development. This study presents a...     

论生态环境建设的基本法律制度

中国现有的生态环境建设的立法,缺乏对生态环境建设基本法律制度系统而明确的规定,无法满足生态环境建设的实际需要.针对现状,就中国生态环境建设的基本法律制度加以探讨,以期完善生态环境建设的立法规定.     

A study on the carrying capacity of the available habitat for the Rhinopithecus bieti population at Mt. Laojun in Yunnan, China

Background, aim, and scope  The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey is one of the most endangered primates in the world. It is experiencing a range of ongoing threats and the persisting effects of past disturbances. The prospects for this species are not very optimistic because habitat corridors are severely damaged by logging, grazing, and mining. Each group of the monkeys in different areas is facing a unique variety of threats. Based on genetic analysis, Rhinopithecus bieti should be separated into three management units for conservation, of which the Mt. Laojun management unit involves the most endangered primates. Despite the fact that the vegetation on Mt. Laojun is in a relatively pristine state, only two groups of monkeys, of a total of fewer than 300, survive in the area. With this paper, we aimed to address the capacity of the monkeys’ habitat at the study site and the possible reasons for the small populations. Materials and methods  Rapid ecological assessment based on a SPOT 5 image and field survey was used to simulate the vegetation of the whole area based on reference ecological factors of the GIS system. The vegetation map of the site was thus derived from this simulation. Based on the previous studies, the three vegetation types were identified as the suitable habitat of the monkeys. The confusion matrix-based field GPS points were applied to analyze the precision of the habitat map. Based on the map of suitable habitat of the monkeys, the utilization of the habitat and the carrying capacity were analyzed in the GIS. Results  The confusion matrix-based field GPS points were applied to the habitat analysis process, and it was found that the habitat map was 81.3% precise. Then, with the current habitat map, we found that the mixed forest currently used by the monkeys is only a very small fraction (2.65%) of the overall potential habitat of the population, while the dark conifer forest is 4.09%. Discussion  Poaching is the greatest short-term threat to this species, particularly in the southern range where local residents have a strong tradition of hunting. Quite a few individual monkeys are still trapped accidentally due to the high density of traps. These problems are hard to mitigate because it is difficult to enforce laws due to the extremely rugged terrain. Conclusions  The results show that there is a great ecological capacity of the area for the monkey’s survival and a great potential for an expansion of the monkey population at the site. Based on the current population and its geographical range, it can be estimated that the suitable habitat area defined by this study can support more monkeys, about many times the current population. Thus, at least in the Mt. Laojun Area, poaching pressure is the main factor to be responsible for the low density of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys instead of habitat alteration. Recommendations and perspectives  Based on these results, some suggestions relating to conservation can be made: Focus conservation efforts on the current distribution area of the monkeys and create a 20 km buffer zone; design a long-term plan for the suitable habitat outside the buffer zone to set up a wildlife corridor in the long run; establish an association for the local hunters exploiting, their knowledge on the animals to promote monkey conservation and stop poaching. Also, the map derived from the study helps managers to allocate conservation resources more efficiently and enhances the overall outcomes of conservation measures.     

上海市霾污染判别指标体系初步研究

随着全球变暖及工业污染排放的蔓延式发展,由空气污染带来的区域能见度恶化越来越成为中国东部经济发达地区所面临的严重区域性问题,常出现大范围的雾霾天气,造成区域空气质量的恶化及能见度水平的下降.基于对能见度及相对湿度、颗粒物浓度和组分的观测分析及影响能见度的相对湿度和空气污染因子的理论分析,提出了环保范畴内的霾污染概念,并制定了包括能见度、颗粒物浓度及其组分的上海市霾污染判别指标体系,基于颗粒物组分观测数据,对相对湿度因子进行了参数化.根据所提出的指标体系,通过上海市某点位一年观测数据的跟踪分析发现,根据霾污染判别指标体系计算得到的霾污染天数与气象学意义上的霾天数具有很好的对应关系,且新的判别指标体系能很好地区分霾污染和浮尘过程.     

Current status and system construction of used-furniture recycling in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To promote the development of the green and low-carbon wood industry and explore the current status and trend of China’s used-furniture...