我国黄金资源的开发利用与环境对策

我国黄金资源的开发利用受到资源紧缺的制约，突出地表现为资源紧缺与环境保护的两难选择。本文分析了造成两难选择的原因是我国的黄金资源特点，生产技术工艺不过关和资源效益、经济佤环境效益不协调。作者提出了解决的对策是开科技攻关、走资源节约型的发展道和加强资源勘查工作。     

解决我国钾盐资源紧缺的对策

本文简略介绍了钾盐矿产的应用、在世界及我国的分布状况,分析了我国钾盐盆地成钾的可能性与钾资源紧缺状况,并在此基础上提出了解决我国钾盐矿产资源紧缺问题的对策。     

难溶性钾矿资源的开发利用

本文根据我国钾肥紧缺和天然难溶性钾矿资源状况,论述了几种主要难溶性钾矿资源的开发利用途径、方法和工艺,以阐明我国难溶性钾肥资源开发利用的可行性和重要性     

淘金热加剧刚果危机

地处非洲中心地带的民主刚果(金)共和国拥有全世界最丰富的黄金矿藏,除此之外,刚果的地下还蕴藏有丰富的钻石、有色金属和稀有金属资源,享有“地质奇迹”之称,这本该是个富饶繁荣的国家,但数十年来各种力量对资源的抢夺,导致刚果内战接连不断,如今,刚果东北部地区已是满目疮痍。开采黄金是当地许多人的惟一生活来源。虽然人们明知道去当采矿工人会被无情剥削甚至失去生命,但他们没有选择的权利。连绵不断的内乱让当地人除了开采黄金之外,根本没有其他就业选择。据调查,刚果东北部地区大概有400万黄金矿工和工匠,他们惟一的生活来源就是黄金…     

湖南西部民俗旅游资源的开发与保护

湖南西部民俗旅游资源丰富,系统开发和保护民俗旅游资源、有效整合、形成合力、促进旅游业的发展是构筑湖南西部黄金旅游区的基石。分析了民俗、民俗旅游资源与民俗文化的概念和内涵,以及湖南西部民俗旅游资源的结构及其特征,提出了湖南西部民俗旅游开发和保护的原则、模式和措施。     

节能减排的可持续发展模式研究

能源与资源的过度消耗,导致全球能源与资源面临紧缺和枯竭。目前全世界都在关注资源和能源问题,而中国的节能减排问题更是成了全球瞩目的焦点。从节能减排、资源节约和资源环境保护的认识着手,从建立节能减排的法制环境建设、构建节能减排的可持续发展模式等方面进行了分析研究。     

个体采选黄金值得注意

黄金给人类带来了富有,但个体的黄金采选却使人类的生态环境和生活环境、矿山资源遭到了严重的破坏,使更多的人深受其害,而令人痛心的是至     

科技创新为环保插上高飞的翅膀

科学技术是第一生产力,是推动人类文明进步的革命性力量。进入21世纪的今天,我国已进入必须更多依靠科技进步和创新推动社会经济发展的历史阶段。在环保领域,科学技术是解决当前环境恶化、资源紧缺制约经济高速发展的根本手段,其重要性和紧迫性愈益凸显。     

优化四川的资源配置

实现资源的优化配置 我国是人口众多、资源相对不足的国家,在现代化建设中必须实施可持续发展战略,这是一个关系到经济、社会全面发展的战略问题,是我国国情和发展市场经济的共同要求。对四川的资源优势,可以从静态和动态两个方面去观察和评估。四川确实有不少资源在西部地区,甚至在全国均占有重要地位,堪称资源大省。从动态方面考虑,新一轮经济结构的战略性调整,人口的增长,资源又显得相当有限和紧缺,资源（特别是不可再生资源）是极为宝贵的。因此,引导和促进经济资源在不同产业、地区的优化配置就成为首要的任务。这也是经济…     

我国汽车产业的绿色选择

正汽车产业是我国国民经济的支柱产业,它的生产与消费不仅对整个社会经济发挥着举足轻重的作用,而且关系到能源的节约集约使用,关系到生态环境质量的改善。在新工业革命时代,汽车的产品特征、生产方式、应用模式都出现了新的趋势性变化。在这个过程中,工业4.0的助推作用已在部分国家和局部领域有所体现,潜在影响预计将更加深远巨大。对我国汽车产业而言,借鉴应用工业4.0十分必要,但可能会遇到一系列两难选择。有些两难,主要依靠企业自身来解决,政府可不介入;有些则需要政企乃至更广范围的合作。基于这些分析,我们认为,要坚持全球视角站位、在开放中提升、在长期框架下认识短期问题的原则,明确引导企业自主探索、重视系统性借鉴、以一级零部件供应商为重点的战略取向。     

The Ethiopian mining sector

The Ethiopian Constitution of 1928 vests in the state ownership of all mineral resources. However, the mining code of 1944 recognized the right of individuals and private companies to explore for and develop those resources. The results were quite impressive; Ethiopia became a producer of gold, platinum, copper and other minerals. A revised mining code in 1971 further extended the rights of individuals and companies to develop the mineral resources of the country. In 1974, the newly established revolutionary government eliminated private ownership of mines and established instead state-owned mining companies to develop the mineral resources of the country. In time, the demand for government funding by other sectors of the economy left little for the mining sector and it went into decline. To correct that problem, the Government of Ethiopia in 1989 decided to again make private ownership in the mining sector legal. This paper describes some of the recent initiatives to open the mining sector to private enterprise.     

Soviet non-fuel mineral resources : Surplus or scarcity?

The USSR has long been regarded as a resource-rich country with no need for external sources of non-fuel mineral resources. Increasingly, however, it is beginning to appear that such an assessment of the Soviet non-fuel mineral resource picture is overly optimistic. The Soviet mineral industry is beset by a variety of problems which complicate the extraction and utilization of needed minerals. The USSR remains a resource-rich country, but the difficulties it encounters exploiting its resources are multiplying. This article examines the Soviet aluminium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, lead, manganese, platinum, titanium and zinc industries, and offers views of the Soviet resource future in each area.     

Consequences of Pollution and Degradation of Nigerian Aquatic Environment on Fisheries Resources

Throughout the world, human use of water, and bad planning have led to drier and polluted rivers, lakes, and groundwater resources with dramatic effects on the natural ecosystems. Nigeria's vast freshwater resources are among those most affected by environmental stress imposed by human population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. Disposal and management of wastes in Nigeria present serious environmental problems. The usual methods of waste disposal in the country are: land filling, dumpsites, land spreads, water disposal, and incineration. Each of these methods has serious environmental implications because of their potential to pollute and contaminate underground and surface water bodies in the country. Major cities in Nigeria face serious water pollution crises, in which lack of environmental control of water-dependent activities (including domestic, agricultural, and industrial) play an important part. Fish and marine resources in the country face total collapse or extinction, due to over-fishing and destruction of marine life and natural habitats by pollution of water bodies. Unregulated and excessive use of pesticides for fishing and the deliberate disposal and dumping of toxic and hazardous wastes into water bodies are significant causes of massive fish kills and loss of aquatic life and habitats in the country. The protection of water quality and aquatic ecosystem as a vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and environment is of utmost importance to prevent further pollution and degradation of Nigeria's freshwater resources. Integrating operational measures for safeguarding adequate levels of protection of endemic habitats remains a major challenge. There is therefore a need to examine in tandem the entire range of uses to which freshwater is put, and to design services which neither squander precious resources nor fail to respect other, competing and complementary water needs.This paper attempts to provide an overview of the Nigerian freshwater resources, to assess the pollution status of inland waters, identify the sources of pollution, and infer the consequent effect on fisheries resource. Recommendations were proffered on the strategies to employ to ensure that Nigerian fishery resources are adequately managed in order to address the issue of food security.     

Imperatives for attracting investment and technology in the Indian mining sector

In India, the mineral resource inventory and the production of a large number of important minerals have registered significant increases during the last few decades. Yet the country continues to be a net importer of many high value and scarce minerals and metals, like gold, diamond, and several base metals. Exploration and development of the resources of these minerals are technology- and capital-intensive. To bring technology and capital through foreign direct investment (FDI) into the Indian mineral sector, it is imperative to lay stress on: accurate resource estimation and categorization, as well as realistic projection of the true values; rationalization of legislative measures based on R&D studies and reorganization of the implementation machinery; conducive tax structure; notification of acts and rules applicable to offshore mineral resources; time-frames for granting licences and leases; encouragement to labor productivity by rationalizing labor laws; reforms in the monetary system to increase market competitiveness of Indian minerals; and judicial reforms. FDI in the Indian mineral sector is important to firm up the knowledge-base of mineral resources and their optimum exploitation.     

浅谈循环经济与畜禽粪便资源化

我国畜禽养殖业发展迅速,但由于相关政策脱节、缺乏合理规划与布局、技术研究落后等原因,畜禽废弃物未经有效处理直接排入环境中,造成毒化水源、污染大气、传播病菌、危害农田等一系列危害.运用循环经济理论指导畜禽粪便环境污染治理,使其实现减量化、资源化、无害化,具有很大的经济效益和环境效益.     

Air pollution regulations new to Zambia

Environmental regulations in Zambia address all aspects of life and the authorities who are assigned to enforce them seem to be taking a positive approach towards restructuring the run-down environment. Although for a long time nature and the environment has almost been neglected, the situation is not irreversible. This paper examines air pollution problems; these apparently are more difficult to control in the country. Issues covered are those requiring urgent attention and are referred to in the newly introduced law against pollution.     

再生资源的回收利用与保护生态环境

再生资源是指社会生产和消费过程中产生的可以利用的各种废旧物资。再生资源的回收利用是资源综合利用的重要组成部分,是合理利用资源、保证资源永续、减少环境污染、提高经济效益的重要手段。商业部门再生资源行业担负着再生资源的回收、加工、生产、经营业务,为国家资源综合利用事业做出了巨大贡献。     

浅谈废旧电脑的综合治理

废旧电脑是一座亟待开发的“金矿”,但如果处置不当,将对环境和人类产生巨大的危害。文章针对我国废旧电脑处理的现状,提出了一些完善的具体设想。     

我国钢铁工业废水治理及其发展趋势

我国水资源人均拥有量仅为世界人均拥有量的四分之一，而且降水在时空分布上很不均衡。这一现实，决定了节省水资源，保护水环境是我国一项长期的战略任务。文章概要地叙述了钢铁工业废水治理及其发展过程。作者认为，要从根本上解决钢铁工业废水对水环境的污染与破坏，必须采取综合防治措施，并把整套循环用水技术引入生产工艺过程，使废水与污染物都作为资源加以回收，并实现循环利用。上述过程的实质，是模拟大自然生物圈循环运行     

关于我国环境辐射防护标准的几点思考

随着科学技术的进步,环境辐射已成为本世纪的主要污染源之一。本文重点介绍了电离辐射和电磁辐射的防护标准体系,针对它们的特点及不足提出：我国今后制定新的环境辐射防护标准时,应统一环境电磁波容许辐射强度的国家标准,建立相关产品的电磁辐射强度国家标准,制定相关环境辐射防护标准,从而完善辐射防护标准体系,加强环境保护。