共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 11 毫秒
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地下水污染源分类识别是有序开展地下水污染防控工作的前提。以典型地下水污染源为研究对象,建立综合考虑优控污染物、污染源特征的地下水重点污染源识别指标体系,以污染源危害性评价结果作为重点污染源的判别依据。将哈斯(Hasee)图解法与综合评分法相结合,用于地下水优控污染物识别,同时引入修正的内梅罗综合污染指数法,对多组分的地下水优控污染物开展综合评价,并选择3个典型地下水污染源进行分类识别方法实地验证。结果表明:污染源S1、S2和S3的危害性等级分别为Ⅲ、Ⅲ、Ⅱ。在区域地下水污染分类防控与分级管理中,应对危害性等级较高的污染源S1和S2加以重点关注。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1992,26(15):2769
In order to satisfy requirements of urban air pollution control projects in China, a multiple source model that can immediately calculate short-term, daily and long-term average concentration distributions for polydispersity aerosol and gas contaminations is proposed. Its core is a Gaussian plume diffusion-deposition model developed by the authors. The model system has incorporated reflective actions of the top of the mixing layer and underlying surface, processes of gravitational settling and dry deposition, as well as chemical decay of particles and gases. Also it has considered influences of plume penetration in the elevated inversion layer and wind shift as well as terrain.The model performance shows its accuracy and its simplicity. The model system is valuable in applications for urban air pollution control projects. 相似文献
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Di Wang Xuan Li Xinmin Zhang Wenjuan Zhao Weiqi Zhang Shuaifeng Wu Xia Shao Lei Nie 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(9):38-48
Emissions derived from the consumption of organic solvents have been proven to be the primary industrial source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In conjunction with epidemiologic studies, water-based paints (WBPs) and solvent-based paints (SBPs) were selected as representatives of newly developed solvents and traditional solvents, respectively, to simulate the effects of consuming solvents emitted during industrial production. And non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to residents near emission sources were studied in detail. The results showed that the spatial distribution of health risks varied with meteorological conditions and type of emission source, and the prevailing wind direction strongly affected the distribution range and shape of the influenced area. The areas of influence maximized on heavy-polluting days for both WBP and SBP emission sources with the total span reaching 804 m and 16 km, respectively; meanwhile, the areas of influence for carcinogenic risk resulting from WBP emission sources were 1.2 and 2.3 times greater than those measured on fine and rainy days, respectively, and 1.8 and 2.9 times greater for SBP emission sources. Compared with WBPs, the total spans of negatively influenced regions resulting from SBP emission sources were 10.4, 12.5 and 19.9 times greater on fine, rainy and heavy-polluting days, respectively. Therefore, carcinogenic risk was the dominant health threat for populations residing close to solvent-consuming industrial emission sources. The findings suggest that newly developed solvents are capable of significantly reducing consequent health threats, nevertheless, they could still pose occasional threats to nearby residents under specific meteorological conditions. 相似文献
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Lei Duan Dongwei Lv Qingru Wu Daiwei Ouyang Minneng Wen Gehui Zhang Shuxiao Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):222-234
In order to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact of multi-media mercury pollution under differentiated emission control strategies in China, a literature review and case studies were carried out. Increased human exposure to methylmercury was assessed through the dietary intake of residents in areas surrounding a typical coal-fired power plant and a zinc(Zn) smelter, located either on acid soil with paddy growth in southern China, or on alkaline soil with wheat growth in northern Chi... 相似文献
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一种快速定量估计大气污染物来源的方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
定量估计目标区域大气污染物源区的时空分布对有效应对空气污染具有重要的支撑作用.本文利用FLEXPART拉格朗日粒子扩散模式、WRF模式和清华大学MEIC人为排放源清单,建立了一种基于气象条件和人为源排放清单的快速定量估计大气污染物源区时空分布的方法,并以上海地区2015年12月22—23日一次污染过程为例,确定了目标区域和目标时段的污染物来源分布.与WRF-Chem模式人为排放源"清零试验"结果的对比分析结果表明,本定量估计的结果尽管在数值存在一定偏差,但在时间和空间分布上具有良好的一致性.研究表明,本文提供了一种快速并较为准确的定量估计目标区域大气污染物源区时空分布的方法. 相似文献
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机动车遥感监测(以下简称遥测)具有快速和便捷特点,可减轻人工执法工作量,为机动车污染排放监管和执法提供良好的支持.本研究对北京市2021年1—4月60个道路机动车遥测站点污染排放数据进行统计分析,获取了北京市汽油车大气污染物排放浓度(均为体积浓度)累积分布概率等排放特征.通过数据比对和典型现场实验,对车辆在稳态工况法(ASM)和遥测大气污染物排放数据进行相关性分析,并提出了北京市地方标准修订的建议.研究结果表明:①将监测到的1149.7万条数据按污染物浓度由高到低的顺序排列,累积分布概率前10%、50%和90%的CO浓度分别为1.73%、0.58%和0.16%;HC分别为96.38×10-6、22.44×10-6和6.59×10-6 ;NO则为686.58×10-6、117.70×10-6和24.13×10-6.②排放水平与排放标准有较大的关系,其中国VI排放标准车辆污染物浓度水平显著低于国I车辆,累积分布概率前10%、50%和90%对应的CO浓度下降率为54.83%~85.71%,HC下降率为75.71%~85.35%,NO则为65.73%~85.00%.③与稳态工况法相关性分析表明,在样本量较大的情况下,两种方法检出的排放水平趋于一致,但对于单个车辆来讲,具有一定的波动性.④现执行的北京市地方标准污染物种类不全,限值较为宽松,建议充分利用现有的遥测设备资源,将HC和NO纳入标准限值,筛查高排放车辆,提高机动车排放监管和执法效率. 相似文献
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Xiaoyun Yang Bin Yuan Zhe Peng Yuwen Peng Caihong Wu Suxia Yang Jin Li Min Shao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):286-296
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) oxidation processes play a very important role in atmospheric chemistry, and the chemical reactions are expressed in various manners in chemical mechanisms. To gain an improved understanding of VOCs evolution during oxidation processes and evaluate the discrepancies of VOCs oxidation schemes among different mechanisms, we used the total VOC reactivity as a diagnostic and evaluated tool to explore the differences for six widely used chemical mechanisms. We compared the total VOC reactivity evolution under high-NOx conditions for several sets of precursors, including n-pentane, toluene, ethene, isoprene and a mixture of 57 Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) species in a 0-D photochemical box model. Inter-comparison of total VOC reactivity of individual precursor simulations showed discrepancies to different extent of the oxidation schemes among the studied mechanisms, which are mainly attributed to the different lumping approaches for organic species. The PAMS simulation showed smaller discrepancy than individual precursor cases in terms of total VOC reactivity. SAPRC07 and RACM2 performances are found to better match the MCM for simulation of total VOC reactivity. Evidences suggest that the performance in simulating secondary organic products, OH concentrations and NOx concentrations are related to the OH reactivity discrepancies among various chemical mechanisms. Information in this study can be used in selection of chemical mechanisms to better model OH reactivity in different environments. The results in this study also provide directions to further improve the ability in modelling total VOC reactivity with the chemical mechanisms. 相似文献
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基于两种耦合方法的模拟-优化模型在地下水污染源识别中的对比 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用一种基于模拟-优化模型的方法对地下水污染源进行识别研究.模拟-优化模型分别采用响应矩阵法和状态转移方程法进行耦合,并利用遗传算法求解,经过多次迭代,使得模拟结果与观测数据的误差达到最小.最后,通过一个假想例子评估模拟-优化模型的性能,同时比较应用不同耦合方法的计算结果.研究表明:应用响应矩阵法耦合模拟-优化模型所得结果的绝对误差范围为0.1~1.6g/L,应用状态转移方程法时,绝对误差范围为0~5.2g/L,因此,采用遗传算法求解模拟-优化模型能够有效且准确地得到地下水污染源的释放量,可以应用于地下水污染源识别问题,并且采用响应矩阵法耦合模拟-优化模型优于状态转移方程法. 相似文献
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采用一种基于径向基函数的替代模型代替地下水溶质运移模型,将其作为约束条件嵌入污染源识别的优化模型中,通过遗传算法对优化模型进行求解.最后通过一个假想例子评估优化模型的性能.研究表明:污染源泄漏量识别结果的平均绝对误差为1.00g/s,误差较小,计算时间为51min,耗时较少,因此,基于径向基函数模型的优化方法有效地避免了优化模型求解过程中多次调用模拟模型造成的巨大计算负荷,获得了较为准确的计算结果,是一种有效的地下水污染源识别方法,能够用来求解地下水污染源泄漏量. 相似文献
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固定源大气环境执法工作亟需依托智能执法系统实现对企业违法排污行为精准定位以及污染物排放浓度快速监测取证。针对现行大气环境执法系统重管理、轻取证的普遍功能缺陷,采用物联网理念,有机组合筛选多尺度大气监测技术,依托多元数据传输与融合技术,实现机载、车载、便携式监测设备数据与执法系统的实时通信,通过系统数据库与内嵌分析计算模型,解决大气排放异常区域识别、现场大气污染物浓度快速监测执法取证、暗查式执法取证、执法流程引导、违法识别与超标判定、远程执法指挥等信息化智能执法功能,形成新一代软硬件结合的固定源大气污染物排放现场执法监管系统。该执法系统在钢铁、重金属等行业进行了大气环境执法示范,通过监测传感器物联采样,现场发现了企业排污口超标、厂界大气浓度超标、排气口批建一致性违规等问题,提出处罚意见并备案,显著提高了环境执法工作的执法效率与精准度。
相似文献11.
Junyu Zheng Bowen Shi Xin Yuan Chuanzeng Zheng Yufan Yu Zhijiong Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):430-445
Because of the recent growth in ground-level ozone and increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), VOC emission control has become a major concern in China. In response, emission caps to control VOC have been stipulated in recent policies, but few of them were constrained by the co-control target of PM2.5 and ozone, and discussed the factor that influence the emission cap formulation. Herein, we proposed a framework for quantification of VOC emission caps constrained by targets for PM2.5 and ozone via a new response surface modeling (RSM) technique, achieving 50% computational cost savings of the quantification. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, the VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets varied greatly with the NOx emission reduction level. If control measures in the surrounding areas of the PRD region were not considered, there could be two feasible strategies for VOC emission caps to meet air quality targets (160 µg/m3 for the maximum 8-hr-average 90th-percentile (MDA8-90%) ozone and 25 µg/m3 for the annual average of PM2.5): a moderate VOC emission cap with <20% NOx emission reductions or a notable VOC emission cap with >60% NOx emission reductions. If the ozone concentration target were reduced to 155 µg/m3, deep NOx emission reductions is the only feasible ozone control measure in PRD. Optimization of seasonal VOC emission caps based on the Monte Carlo simulation could allow us to gain higher ozone benefits or greater VOC emission reductions. If VOC emissions were further reduced in autumn, MDA8-90% ozone could be lowered by 0.3-1.5 µg/m3, equaling the ozone benefits of 10% VOC emission reduction measures. The method for VOC emission cap quantification and optimization proposed in this study could provide scientific guidance for coordinated control of regional PM2.5 and O3 pollution in China. 相似文献
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基于实地调研的广东省工业VOC排放清单改进研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
工业源是人为源挥发性有机物(VOC)排放的重要贡献源,然而现有基于统计年鉴数据建立的工业VOC排放清单仍然存在排放源缺失、排放量低估、空间分配精度不足等问题.为了提高清单表征及空间分配的精细度,本文在2014年基于统计年鉴数据建立的广东省工业VOC排放清单的基础上,利用问卷调研方式获取了12000多家工业企业的详细活动水平数据,对工业VOC排放表征与空间分配进行改进,进而建立了基于实地调研和统计年鉴数据相结合的2014年广东省工业VOC排放改进清单.结果表明,改进后广东省工业VOC清单排放量由500927 t增至716470 t,珠三角地区行业VOC排放量增加30%左右,非珠三角地区增加90%左右,其中,炼油及石化行业VOC排放量变化最为明显.改进前清单借助人口密度等空间地理信息为空间分配依据,导致部分VOC排放分配到工业源较少的居民区或市中心;改进后的空间分配优先采用基于经纬度信息的点源分配方法,点源调研数据使得分配后的工业VOC主要集中在工业园区,少数工业VOC排放分配给人类活动有限的偏远农村地区,分配结果更为合理、精细.利用CAMx模型结合实际观测站点监测结果评估此次改进对O_3生成的影响,总体上改进后清单提高了广州、东莞、惠州和茂名等城市的O_3峰值期的模拟浓度,降低了东莞及广州O_3污染时期的模拟偏差,部分被低估的模拟峰值可以提高6~9μg·m~(-3);同时,空间分配的改进也影响了城市间O_3传输模拟. 相似文献
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本文根据2011-2020年渤海直排海污染源监测数据,分析了渤海直排海污染源污染物排放特征及变化趋势,总结了2017年以来特别是渤海综合治理攻坚战实施后直排海污染源治理成效,并提出相应的管理对策。研究结果表明:2011-2020年,渤海直排海污染源污水排放量与黄海、东海和南海海区相比一直处于低位,化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷等污染物排放量总体呈先增加后减少的趋势;从2018年渤海综合治理攻坚战实施开始,直排海污染源入海污水总量呈明显上升趋势,但化学需氧量、总磷、总氮等主要污染物总量和浓度比明显下降,直排海污染源达标率呈逐年上升趋势;空间分布上,山东省、辽宁省属于直排海污染源排放量和排放强度高的省份;时间分布上,2018-2020年第四季度化学需氧量、总氮、总磷、氨氮等主要污染物排放量呈明显上升趋势。结合渤海直排海污染源排放特征,建议应健全渤海直排海污染源管控体系,分类推进渤海直排海污染源精准整治,提升渤海直排海污染源监测能力,为深入开展渤海直排海污染源污染治理提供支撑。 相似文献
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应用基于SSA-BP神经网络替代模型的模拟-优化方法和SSA研究了地下水污染源位置及释放历史的反演识别问题。并在建立地下水水流模型时,应用Cholesky分解方法建立含水层渗透系数连续场,该方法相比于普通的参数分区方法更好地描述了水文地质参数的非均质性。结果表明:SSA-BP神经网络替代模型对模拟模型具有较高的逼近精度,其平均相对误差仅有3.21%。应用SSA求解优化模型,能够快速准确地识别出点污染源的位置及释放历史。SSA对污染源位置的反演识别相对误差在10%左右,对污染源源强的反演识别相对误差不超过4%。因此,本文所提出的方法是一种有效的地下水污染源识别方法,可为污染责任认定及污染修复方案的优化提供参考。 相似文献
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台风路径分类是分析台风特征的重要途径,同时也是判断台风影响区域和范围的重要方法。目前台风的分类研究主要采用主观识别和K-means聚类等方法,这些方法存在传统聚类算法产生的随机性问题和依赖人工经验设置模型参数的智能化问题,以及针对特定台风研究而导致的局限性问题。针对以上问题,本文提出一种基于相似阈值学习的台风路径分类方法,首先,提出基于密度质心的混合聚类算法,实现了热点区域挖掘,减少了传统方法的随机性;其次,提出基于fastDTW的自适应模体处理算法,实现了更为智能化的路径分类;最后,以登陆湛江的台风路径为例,展示并验证了混合聚类方法的分类效果。 相似文献
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利用WRF/CALPUFF耦合模型,在同样重污染气象条件下,选择了当下模拟应用最广的两组排放清单对4种主要污染物(NOx,SO2,PM2.5和PM10)进行京津冀城市间区域传输贡献比较分析.其中一组排放清单来自政府的环境统计(以下称:环统排放清单),另一组排放清单是来自中国多尺度排放清单(以下称:MEIC排放清单).污染物的浓度空间分布表明,两种排放清单下污染物浓度均呈现北部以唐山中心,南部以石家庄-邯郸为中心的分布特征,均是由两个浓度最高的中心向外逐渐降低.但是环统排放清单下模拟的污染物浓度高值区范围更大,更接近实际监测数据.基于不同的清单输入,一些城市的传输角色存在一些差异.例如,对于4种污染物,两种排放清单模拟出的沧州与周边城市的净传输方向完全相反,在MEIC排放清单中,沧州以向外净传输为主,即为源;而在环统排放清单中,沧州则变成了净输入城市,即为汇.这些结论将影响大气联防联控中各城市源汇责任的认定,在实际环境管理中应注重多源数据的选择、验证和比较. 相似文献
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基于源地综合识别与多尺度嵌套的徐州生态网络构建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统生态网络构建时,生态源地的辨识多考虑生境斑块的质量和面积,较少考虑斑块生态系统服务功能与空间结构的影响;且多从一个尺度在相对封闭的系统单元内进行网络构建,缺乏尺度间的嵌套协调,易导致其结构性错位。通过构建"属性—功能—结构"三位一体的源地综合识别指标体系,基于最小费用路径、电路理论、移动窗口搜索法等方法,构建并叠置分析徐州都市区和主城区两个尺度的生态网络,并提出优化策略。结果表明:(1)两尺度生态源地重合面积79.85 km2,廊道重合长度158.42 km,重合面积45.68 km2,重叠区域对多尺度生态网络衔接稳定至关重要,需重点保护;对都市区至关重要却缺乏主城区下垫面支撑的8条廊道要优先修复。(2)识别都市区与主城区夹点分别为17处与18处,重合10处;障碍点8处与10处,重合5处。生物迁移关键区域高迁移阻力与大优化潜力并存,亟需优先修复。生物过程跨尺度的连续性要求采用多尺度级联框架协同应对生态问题。(3)基于"斑块—廊道—基质"理论从"点—线—面"三个角度提出徐州多尺度嵌套生态网络的优化策略。研究结果可为区域生态安全格局构建、国土... 相似文献
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提出了将Sobel边缘检测算子与深度卷积神经网络(CNN)算法结合的方法(E-ConvNet),用于污染场地的ERT反演过程.通过Sobel算子提取污染区域视电阻率数据的边缘特征作为CNN的先验信息,提高E-ConvNet的计算效率及识别精度.在5种理论模型(单异常体、双异常体及含双异常体的层状结构)和现场实例上测试了E-ConvNet算法的性能,并与最小二乘算法(LS)比较.测试结果表明:E-ConvNet能够准确识别污染处的面积、位置及阻值,其识别精度和计算效率均优于LS.E-ConvNet的单异常识别准确率为81.8%~84.9%,而LS则仅为9.6%~36.2%;多异常识别准确率为68.6%~84.4%,LS仅为2.8%~27.6%;E-ConvNet用时约为112~190ms,LS耗时为6000~7000ms.因此,在污染场地调查工作中,E-ConvNet能够准确高效地反演出污染区域的位置及范围,为开展后续评估/修复工作提供技术支持. 相似文献